Microglia is the most important immune cell in the central nervous system.It plays a key role in mediating the immune response in the central nervous system.Sterile inflammation is the key factor in the pathophysiological process following ischemic stroke.Microglia is activated and induces a series of inflammatory signals through binding of injuring related ligands to their corresponding receptors.This article introduces the activation of microglia and inflammatory response after ischemic stroke from Toll-like receptors,inflammasome,cytokine receptors,Notch signaling and other signaling pathways.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Dinitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of combining auricular point sticking and a healthy diet to treat simple obesity in children aged 6-9 years old.Methods: A total of 190 eligible obese kids were divided into an observation group and a control group using the random number table method, with 95 cases in each group. The observation group was intervened by auricular point sticking plus guide on a healthy diet, while the control group was only provided with the guide on a healthy diet. The therapeutic efficacy was observed after intervention for three consecutive months, as well as the changes in body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and subcutaneous fat thickness. Results: After the 3-month intervention, the total effective rate was 91.6％ in the observation group, versus 74.7％ in the control group, and the between-group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01); in both groups, the BM, BMI, WC, HC, and subcutaneous fat thickness all decreased significantly (P<0.05), and were lower in the observation group than in the control group, showing statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Auricular point sticking plus a healthy diet is safe and effective in treating simple obesity in children, producing more significant efficacy than healthy diet intervention alone.

Calcaneus ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Radiography ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the relationship between the parameters of artery elasticity and coronary artery stenosis in normotensive and hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODSSystemic vascular compliance (SVC), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), brachial artery compliance (BAC) and brachial artery resistance (BAR) were measured by Dynapulse 200M (Pulse Metric, Inc., USA) in 88 hypertensive and 41 normotensive patients with chest pain before coronary artery angiography.

RESULTS(1) The prevalence rate of severe coronary disease (> or = 2 coronary branches) was higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (64.7% vs. 27.1%, P < 0.05); (2) the peripheral artery buffering function was significantly lower in hypertensives than in normotensives [SVC: (0.85 +/- 0.10) ml/mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (1.17 +/- 0.11) ml/mm Hg; BAC: (0.047 +/- 0.011) ml/mm Hg vs. (0.063 +/- 0.010) ml/mm Hg, all P < 0.05]; (3) Lower arterial elasticity was associated with severe coronary artery stenosis.

CONCLUSIONThe non-invasive obtained artery elasticity is associated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis in hypertensive patients with CAD.

Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Coronary Stenosis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Pulse

Objective To observe the effect of automobile exhaust pollutants in air of underground parking area on immune system of mice. Methods Thirty female Kunming mice were divided into a control(relatively clean) group and a polluted group(each n=15)by a random number table method. The control group was housed on the roof of a mechanical building located at the south campus of Sun Yat-sen University,while the polluted group was housed in the minus second layer of underground parking lot at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The data of atmospheric pollutants were recorded at both feeding sites. The mice's food-intake and body weight were also observed. After 3 months of observation,the mice were sacrificed and peripheral serum was harvested. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect the level of tumor necrotic factor-α(TNF-α),transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and interleukin-4(IL-4). Results The levels of air pollutants in pollution group were higher than those in control group〔carbonmonoxide(CO,mg/m3:16.784±3.093 vs. 2.249±0.112),nitrogen oxides(NOx, mg/m3:0.318±0.041 vs. 0.065±0.030)and particulate matter(PM2.5,mg/m3:0.309±0.051 vs. 0.055±0.013),all P<0.001〕. The amount of food intake and body weight of the polluted group were obviously lower than those of the control group〔food-intake:670 g vs. 960 g,body weight:(37.13±1.11)g vs.(41.23±1.34)g, both P<0.001〕. There was no abnormal death in both groups. The serum levels of TNF-α(ng/L:247.93±22.25 vs. 143.33±39.01), TFG-β1(ng/L:395.77±41.29 vs. 319.15±20.72) and IL-4(ng/L:231.89±20.04 vs. 194.09±3.57)were significantly higher in the mice of polluted group than those in the control group(all P<0.001). Conclusions The automobile exhaust pollutants in the air of underground parking lot have obvious effects on the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines of mice. It is suggested that the presence of pollutants activate the body's inflammatory process and lead to disturbance of immune system of female Kunming mice.

Adult ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Laryngitis ; microbiology ; Mycoses ; Vocal Cords ; microbiology

Objective To observe the curative effect of autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression in the treatment of early femoral head osteonecrosis (FHON).Methods From April,2010 to March,2012,in Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,a total of 79 adult patients with 108 hips suffered from the early stage FHON were treated with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompression through the core of the femoral canal,male of 65 cases,female of 14 cases,the mean age was 29.5 (20-50) years old.According to the etiology classification:the alcohol-induced FHON was in 54 patients with 66 hips,steroid-induced FHON in 14 patients with 20 hips,steroid and alcohol-induced ONFH was in 11patients with 22 hips.According to association research circulation osseous (ARCO)classifying,Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-A,Ⅱ-B phases were 6,16,8,and 78 hips,respectively.There were 43 hips in left side and 65 hips in the right side.Results All patients were followed up from 4 to 6 (4.8 ± 0.6) years.Compared with before operation,the scores of all patients were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).All patients with hip pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared.The healing tine of the patients in all age groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),and with the increase of age,the healing time was prolonged.The excellent and good rates of Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B,Ⅱ-Aand Ⅱ-B were 100％ (6 / 6),100％ (16/16),100％ (8/8),and 98.7％ (77/78).The X-ray showed that coarse channel osteogenic phenomenon is obvious,there is 1 case collapse of femoral head of stage Ⅱ-B,the rest were not collapse.Conclusion The treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head with autologous bone marrow stem cells implantation to bone inducing active material combined with core decompressionis definitely effective,especially in patients with ARCO:Ⅰ-A,Ⅰ-B and Ⅱ-A phase,and the effect of ARCO:Ⅰ-A and Ⅱ-A is the best.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate a poisoning incident caused by eating eight treasure congee, and establish liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS screening method of 28 alkaloids to provide references for disposal of similar poisoning incidents. Methods　LC-MS/MS was used for screening 28 alkaloids in the urine, eight treasure congee and food raw material, and the detected alkaloids were quantified. Samples were extracted with 0.4% formic acid aqueous solution and separated by a Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 μm, 100 × 2.1 mm). Acetonitrile-0.2% formic acid aqueous solution was used as the mobile phase and gradient elution was adopted. The ionization mode was electrospray positive ionization mode, and the detection method was multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). Analytes were quantified with the external standard method. Results　In the concentration range of 0-100 ng/mL, the linear correlation coefficient r were greater than 0.999 for 28 alkaloids. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in urine sample ranged from 63.0% to 105.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 5.8% and 8.6%. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in eight treasure congee sample ranged from 72.0% to 109.0%, and the RSDs were between 6.3% and 9.7%. The recovery of 28 alkaloids in semen sesami nigrum sample ranged from 60.0% to 95.0%, and the RSDs were between 4.8% and 8.2%. Hyoscyamine (2 380.0 ng/mL), scopliamine (3.6 ng/mL) and rac-anisodamine (4.7 ng/mL) were detected in the patient's urine. Hyoscyamine (63.3 μg/g), scopliamine (5.7 μg/g) and rac-anisodamine (2.1 μg/g) were detected in eight treasure congee. Hyoscyamine (901.0 μg/g), scopliamine (80.0 μg/g) and rac-anisodamine (30.1 μg/g) were detected in the seed of Datura stramonium L. The ratio of scopliamine and hyoscyamine in the seed of D. stramonium was 1∶11, which complies with the characteristics of D. stramonium L. In urine sample, the proportion of scopliamine and rac-anisodamine was 0.15% and 0.20%, and hyoscyamine accounted for 99.65%. Conclusion　Seed morphology, the content range and proportion of three alkaloids are all in accord with the characteristics of D. stramonium. Combined with the clinical symptoms of atropine poisoning, it can be deduced that this incident is a family food poisoning caused by accidental consumption of seed of D. stramonium L. The method can provide technical support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of alkaloid poisoning patients, and also provide a basis for emergency detection and disposal of alkaloid poisoning events.

OBJECTIVETo observe the immunological effects of three doses of H2 strain live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine 8 years after the administration and to compare with that of one dose of the vaccine.

METHODSIn a country area, 110 children of 1 to 7 years old susceptible to HAV were screened and administered with one dose of the vaccine, as group B; Group A were 42 children from one of the villages and administered with 3 doses of the vaccine according to 0, 2, 6 month schedule. Blood samples were taken for the children 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 96 months after the administrations respectively and detected for anti-HAV antibody.

RESULTSFor group B, the sero conversion rate of anti-HAV and GMC reached peak at 92.2% and 126.2 mIU/ml respectively, and then, began to drop with time; For group A, after 2 dose of the vaccine, the sero-conversion rate reached 100%, and the GMC reached peak of 2 739 mIU/ml one month after the third dose at 7 months. So that, group A has a better short-term immunological effects than that of group B. During 36 through 96 months, the anti-HAV positive rate in group B was 75%-71% and 80-89 mIU/ml respectively, and comparatively in group A were 100% and 918.2-480.6 mIU/ml respectively. The differences between group A and B were significantly important.

CONCLUSIONA 3-dose schedule administration of H2 strain live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine has better immunological effects than 1-dose schedule in 8years and further observations are needed.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hepatitis A ; blood ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Immunization, Secondary ; Infant ; Male ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; administration & dosage ; immunology