Recent studies about the GCT are focusing on searching for new standards and indexes to prognose the biological behavior of the GCT because of the traditional standards and indexes have been realized often not agree with to the clinic. we review the lately research about the biological behavior of the GCT, then analyse and sum up the correlative indexes that could be significant in studying the prognosis of the GCT.

Cancer metastasis is composed of a complex cascade that involves a variety of critical steps beginning with detachment from the primary tumor and ending with growth of tumor at a distant site, such as bone. The "seed-and-soil hypothesis" predicts that the bone microenvironment expresses factors through which attract a variety of cancer cells and promote the tumor development. The ending point of tumor development in bone is achieved through the bidirectional and dynamic interaction between tumor cells and the cells in their growth microenvironment. A variety of factors produced by the bone microenvironment, contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer skeletal metastasis. In this review, using prostate cancer (CaP) as an example, some of general mechanisms of cancer metastasis will be summarized. In addition, the current understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment will be addressed. Finally, the research directions in the near future will be suggested.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) during differentiation of pulmonary microvascular endothelial ceils (PMVECs) into smooth muscle cells in rats with hepato-pulmonary syndrome (HPS).MethodsPrimary PMVECs were harvested from healthy adult SD rats of both sexes aged 3-4 months and inoculated in low-glucose DMEM culture medium (1(6/cm2 ) and randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =24 dishes each):control group ( group C) and HPS group.HPS was produced by chronic ligation of common bile duct.In group C serum obtained from normal rats was added to PMVECs,while in HPS group serum obtained from rats with HPS was added.The final concentration of serum was 10％.After being incubated for 24,48 and 72 h,the expression of SM-MHC,SM-α-actin and calponin protein and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in PMVECs was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe expression of SMMHC,SM-α-actin and calponin protein.was positive in HPS group whereas the expression of SM-α-actin and calponin protein was negative and the expression of SM-MHC protein was barely detectable in group C.The expression of SM-MHC,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in HPS group than in group C.The expression of SM-MHC,SM-α-actin and calponin protein and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein was increasing with duration of incubation from T1 to T3 in group HPS.ConclusionTGF-β1 plays an important role in the myogenic differentiation of PMVECs in rats with HPS.

Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays an important role in the proliferation,migration,differentiation,apoptosis and synapse establishment of nervous system.Elucidation of PTEN function is helpful to understand the mechanisms of neural development,and thus may find new therapies for diseases in central nervous system using PTEN as a target.

AIM To investigate the effect of puerarin (Pue) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ?, interleukin (IL) 6 secreted by neonatal rat cardiomyocytes during hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. METHOD The activities of TNF ? and IL 6 in the supernatants of cultured myocytes, which were sampled from different groups (control, model, and therapeutic groups with 1 g?L -1 Pue, 0 1 g?L -1 Pue, 0 01 g?L -1 Pue) at different time, were assayed by bioassay method. RESULTS TNF ? and IL 6 activity increased compared with that of control ( P

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of hermaphroditism.Methods The data of 138 cases of hermaphroditism who were hospitalized in our department between March 2005 and April 2008 were reviewed and and analyzed to summarize our experience in the diagnosis and treatment.Results Among the 138 cases with a age ranging from 2 to 36(mean 17 years old),42 were socially male and 96 were socially female.With the help of medical examination,,laboratory examination,ultrasonic examination,radiological examination and pathologic diagnosis,54 patients were diagnosed as female pseudohermaphroditism,66 as male pseudohermaphroditism,10 patients as true hermaphroditism,2 patients as pure gonadal dysgenesis,2 as testicle degeneration,and the left 4 patients as Klinefelter syndrome.Among the 138 patients,132 patients were received surgery operation,including 76 of them receiving laparoscopy.After operation,121 patients were maintained female sex,11 patients were maintained male sex.Female pseudohermaphroditism were all maintained female sex.Fifty-nine patients of male pseudohermaphroditism were maintained female sex.There were 4 patients being maintained male sex,and 3 patients having not received operation.Of the cases of the true hermaphroditism,8 patients were maintained female sex and 2 patients were maintained male sex.Conclusion Early accurate diagnosis is very important to the treatment of hermaphroditism.Etiologic diagnosis is useful in the course.Although it is good for the hermaphroditism to maintain female sex,the decision of the patients and the family should be considered.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Dinitrobenzenes ; poisoning ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced

Aconitum ; poisoning ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hemoperfusion ; methods ; Male ; Plant Poisoning ; therapy ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVE: To test the technical parameters of GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit for its application to forensic application value and to investigate the genetic polymorphisms. METHODS: The validation was conducted in sensitivity, mixed samples, species specificity, adaptability, survivability, consistency, peak height balance and stability. The amplification and detection of the genomic DNA from 373 unrelated individuals from Beijing Han nationality were extracted by automation workstation. RESULTS: Global-Filer® PCR Amplification Kit was adaptive to some mixed, degraded and inhibited samples. The power of sensitivity and adaptability and peak height balance showed well. The distributions of genotype frequencies for 21 STR loci in the population were all in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). The PIC value of the 21 STR loci was among 0.536 to 0.940; the H value was among 0.558 to 0.933; the DP value was among 0.783 to 0.992; the PE value was among 0.243 to 0.874. CONCLUSION GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit is suitable for criminal cases and DNA database in forensic practice. And 21 STR loci in Beijing Han nationality have high polymorphism, which have application value in forensic practice and population genetics.
Asian People/genetics* ; Beijing ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Ethnicity ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci/genetics* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproducibility of Results ; Species Specificity