Objective To establish a simple and rapid new method for DNA extraction of FTA bloodstain samples.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from FTA bloodstains of 1.2mm diameter by FTA-DNA direct extraction and FTA routine method respectively,and their genotypes were analyzed using ABI IdentifilerTM kit in 10?l and 25?l of reaction volume respectively.Results For 25?l of reaction volume,all DNA extracted by two different methods was successfully genotyped.For 10?l of reaction volume,however,the typing success rate of DNA extracted by FTA routine method was significantly lower than those by FTA-DNA direct extraction procedure.Using FTA routine method,the value of RFU ranged from 100 to 2000,and the peak imbalance result from preferential amplification of the smaller allele was a common phenomenon.Moreover,allelic dropout occurred in approximately nineteen percent of samples,and this was not obviously improved even if performed by automatic DNA workstation.However,using FTA-DNA direct extraction procedure,the typing results were similar to those in 25?l of reaction volume,and better results can be obtained using automatic DNA workstation.Conclusion The FTA-DNA direct extraction method is simple and rapid,and can be used to automatic establishment of DNA database with FTA bloodstains.

Objective To compare endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) with endovenous microwave coagulation (EMC) in the treatment of varicose vein in the lower extremities. Methods Sixty-five (male 30, female 35) patients with 70 lower extremities (35 legs in each treatment group) were pair matched according to age, gender and CEAP classification to receive endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) or endovenous microwave coagulation (EMC). The same surgeon performed all procedures. Patients were monitored on 72 hours, 4 weeks and 6 months after the procedure (by procedural site scored for bruising, skin burn, painful induration or trabes as well as a pain score), the cured extremities were examined via Duplex uhrasonography to evaluate the effects of the procedure. Results All these 65 patients (mean age, 47.52 years) completed treatment and were followed-up. The mean operation time of EMC group was less than that of EVLT (71±25 vs. 59±15, P=0.01). At 72 hour after the procedure, bruising scores and skin buring were significantly different (P<0.05): patients in the EMC group showed less bruising (17.14% vs. 54.29%) but more burn (48.57% vs. 20%) on the procedure site than the patients in the EVLT group. At 4 weeks and 6 months after the procedure, no significant differences were found between patient outcomes, physical conditions, and symptoms and or possible adverse events. In 20/28 patients the pigmentation faded away, Edema were relieved in all the 25 extremities. 4 patients with ankle ulcer were healed. No major complications were found. Conclusions Both EMC and EVLT were effective in treating lower extremities varicose veins, with no major complications.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the changes of the copy numbers of mtDNA in peripheral blood mono-nucle- ar cell(PBMC) and the disordered of antioxidant capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

METHODSThe Ficoll Hypaque method was used to isolate the PBMC from blood specimens. The ND1 gene of the mitochondrial was amplified by real-time PCR; meantime β-actin was served as a quantitative standard marker; the difference of mtDNA copy number in PBMC was compared between HCC and healthy control group. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PBMC was determined by flow cytometry. The change of total antioxidant capacity (T- AOC) of plasma was detected by the biochemistry examination.

RESULTSThe copy numbers of ND1 gene in PBMC of HCC was 73% that of the healthy control group,which suggested a decrease of the copy numbers of mtDNA in HCC. The levels of ROS of PBMC in HCC was (417. 82 ± 110.62) and (301.82 ± 75.54) in control group, which showed that the levels of ROS of PBMC in HCC were significant higher than that in control group (P < 0.01).Plasma T-AOC in HCC was (1.30 ± 0.85), and (3.20 ± 1.62) in control. The T-AOC of plasma of HCC was significantly lower than in control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere was a certain relationship between the decrease of the copy numbers of mtDNA and the disordered antioxidant capacity in hepatocellular carcinoma, which may be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Actins ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; genetics ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Objective　To study the effect of acute serious smoke inhalation injury to unilateral lung on contralateral lung and the therapeutic efficacy of massive bronchoscopic lavage with saline to the primary injured bronchoalveolus at early stage after smoke inhalation on mitigating the secondary damage of the other lung and so as to confirm the therapeutic validity of lung lavage to smoke inhalation injury. Methods　Fifteen mongrel dogs were insufflated with sawdust smoke into left lung and then randomized into 2 groups. The dogs in group A were maintained intravenous glucose saline transfusion and breathed air freely for 24 h after injury. Those in group B received a massive bronchoscopic lavage with 250 ml of saline to injured lung at 1 hour after injury and then were administrated similarly to those in group A. Gas exchange function of bilateral lungs in the process were observed and pathologic and phyiopathologic changes of the lung specimen were examined after the process. Results　While the total lavaging volume was kept to 250 ml, the liquid volume remained in left lung after each operating was from 90 ml to 140 ml. All animals had a significant decline in pulmonary function after smoke inhalation injury. PaO2 in group B decreased significantly soon after the lavage and then increased gradually to exceeding that in group A. The left lung showed serious edema similarly in two groups but in right lung the water content was less, dynamic and static compliance was more in group B than in group A. Conclusion　Bronchoalveolar massive lavage at early post-injury stage to injured lung after unilateral lung smoke inhalation injury can mitigate secondary damage of the non-injured lung. Lung lavage can decrease the intensity of secondary systemic inflammatory reaction and show a therapeutic validity to smoke inhalation injury.

Objective　To investigate the existence, intensit y and persisting time of biologic activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF ) collected from dogs with acute severe smoke inhalation injury in early post-i njury stage. Methods　BALF was collected 1 h after the est ablishment of acute severe sawdust smoke inhalation injury in 5 dogs, and the fl uid was perfused into the lungs of Wistar rats in the amount of 5 ml/kg (gro up C). Normal saline (group A) and BALF from normal dog (group B) were perfused into the lungs of rats and served as control. The respiratory rate, PaO2, lung water content and the expanding stability of lungs in all rats were determ ined at the time points of 4,12 and 24 h after the purfusion. Results　 Compared with the rats in group A and B, the rats in group C had higher mortality, wider range in RR, higher lung water content, PaO2 decreased obviou sly and lower lung expanding stability. The rats in control groups showed sl i ght mechanic obstruction in their airways in the course of experiment. Meanwhile ，the rats in group C showed higher oxidative activities and lower total anti-o xidative activities in lung tissues. Conclusion　It is certai n that the BALF collected from dogs with acute severe smoke inhalation injury in early post-injury stage could induce obvious injury in lung structure of norma l rats, showing certain mechanic obstruction in small airways. The injuring act ivity of the BALF can be alleviated ultimately 24 h after the perfusion of the B ALF.

Amid continuous development of new military revolutions,the cultivation of high-quality professionals practical ability is becoming increasingly important.By learning from the successful experience and practices from foreign systems for training practical skills of graduate students majoring in military pharmacy,the education mode and methods for training military pharmacy postgraduates were discussed in this paper in order to optimize the training mode of practical skills for students of military pharmacy,explore a suitable training mode in China,improve teaching methods and formulate a set of scientific and optimized strategies.It is hoped that the practical ability of military pharmacy graduate students will be improved considerably.

Objective To evaluate the value of human fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP) in predicting myocardial ischemia and injury in the perioperative period of cardiac surgery, we observed the dynamic changes of h-FABP in perioperative period of patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and ventricular septal defects repairing surgery, and evaluated the relationship of h-FABP and ischemia modified albumin ( IMA), CK-MB, cTnI. Methods Patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (n =30) and ventrieular septal defect repairing (n = 30) surgery between February 2008 and December 2008 were included in this study. Venous blood sample was obtained at preoperative, aortic clamping, aortic unclamping of 10 rain, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h for the measurements of h-FABP, IMA, cTnI and CKMB. Results h-FABP and IMA changed in the same way at various examined time points, h-FABP changes also paralleled cTnI and CK-MB changes, h-FABP peaked early during myocardial ischemia and injury and returned to baseline level at 2 h post myocardial ischemia and injury. Linear correlation analysis showed that the peak value of h-FABP was positively correlated with IMA, CK-MB and cTnI in both CABG group (r =0. 948, 0. 964 and 0. 961, P < 0. 05 ) and in the VSD group ( r = 0. 986, 0. 978 and 0. 957). Conclusions h-FABP is an early diagnostic parameter reflecting perioperative myocardial ischemia and injury in cardiac surgery. Quantitative h-FABP monitoring could predict the severity of myocardial ischemia and injury early during cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the oral health status of undergraduate university students and to guide their oral hygiene behaviors.

METHODS3516 college students in Northwest University for Nationalities were investigated in this study according to the criterion issued by World Health Organization (WHO) on the basic methods of oral health investigation in 1997.

RESULTSThe caries prevalence rate among the students investigated was 47.87%. The average decayed teeth were 1.29. The obturation rate of caries was 20.42%. The students came from city showed significant higher caries rate than those from countryside, and so did the female students compared with the male students. Dental calculus rate was 79.78%. The dental segments related were 3.75. The worst situation was among male students and students from countryside. The examined rates were 53.30% of crowded incisor, 42.58% of maximum upper-incisor anomaly, 50.60% of the maximum lower-incisor anomaly and 31.09% of molar malposition, respectively. More rates of dentofacial anomalies showed no differences of significance between different area and gender.

CONCLUSIONIn general, the oral health status of the college students are not ideal. It is necessary to advocate early examination, early prevention and early treatment among the students in university.

DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Prevalence ; Students ; Universities

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of different concentration extract from Shenghua decoction on contractile activity of the uterine smooth muscle isolated from normal, estrogen-treated and postpartum mice.

METHODMedlab/4 s vital signal recorder was used to measure the effects of extract from Shenghua decoction (3-12 mg x mL(-1)) on contractile amplitude and frequency of the isolated uterus from normal, estrogen-treated and postpartum mice.

RESULTShenghua decoction extract (3-12 mg x mL(-1)) significantly decreased the contractile activity of the mouse isolated uterus in normal non-pregnancy and postpartum, but significantly increased that of the mouse isolated uterus treated with estrogen, and didn't show significant concentration-response relationship.

CONCLUSIONThe effects of Shenghua decoction extract on contractile activity of mouse-isolated uterus treated with estrogen cannot represent the pharmacological effects on that of in normal non-pregnancy and postpartum uterus.

Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Postpartum Period ; Uterine Contraction ; drug effects ; Uterus ; drug effects