Nanostructures ; adverse effects ; toxicity ; Nanotechnology ; Safety

DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; genetics ; metabolism

Ecotoxicology ; Humans ; Proteomics ; Risk Assessment

Biomarkers ; analysis ; Genomics ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Preventive Medicine ; methods ; trends

Differential display-PCR was used to clone the differential expressed genes between Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence strain H37Rv and its avirulent mutant H37Ra. All of different genes were cloned, sequenced and some were analyzed by Northern-blotting. Two cDNAs that appeared to be expressed in H37Rv, but not in H37Ra, were cloned and sequenced. Rv0170, and Rv1894c, code for proteins with unknown functions. The two gene were present in H37Ra, but not expressed. These results show that mRNA DD methodology can represent a potential tool for investigation of M. tuberculosis gene expression.

DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; genetics ; metabolism

Ecotoxicology ; methods ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Toxicogenetics ; methods

Objective To develop an online organ doses reporting software VirtualDose-IR, which can compute the radiation doses and provide an easy access to evaluation and control of patients ′radiation doses.Methods Monte Carlo method was applied to simulating various interventional radiology ( IR) processes , which included various parameters such as different patient models at different ages and with different weights , different projection angles and regions of interest , and other parameters .All of the dose data was acquired and then integrated into a database , and displayed with hyper text markup language (HTML), so only a web browser was necessary for users .Results A web-based software that reports organ doses for patients under IR progress was developed .The organ doses assessed with VirtualDose-IR were compared with other experiment and simulation data , and the results were basically consistent with each other .Conclusions VirtualDose-IR is a easy and efficient method to assess patients′radiation doses of IR.

OBJECTIVETo characterize the immune reaction in SD rats exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) and to identify the gene expression profiles involved in skin after TCE exposure.

METHODSFifteen percent of TCE was injected intradermally into the rat back (100 microL/120 g) at intervals of 7 days. Whole blood was collected 24 h after the fifth or seventh intradermic administration of TCE. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ of T lymphocytes were measured by a flow cytometer. The concentrations of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the serum were semi-quantified by ELISA. Total RNAs of skin samples at 3 h or 24 h after the seventh dose of TCE in SD rats were extracted, and gene expression profiles of these tissues were analyszed by rat toxicology U34 array of Affymetrix.

RESULTSObvious decline of CD4+ in T lymphocytes was observed in the TCE-administer group. No significant concentration differences in IFN-gamma and IL-4 were found between TCE-treated and control rats. Gadd45a and Mel were significantly up regulated in skin tissue 24 h after TCE exposure. The expression regulation of immune response factors was as active as proteins associated with lipid metabolism and synthesis process in these skin samples of SD rats exposed to TCE.

CONCLUSIONT-helper type 1 cells mediate immune response can not be elicited in TCE-treated SD rats, but certain immune disorder can be induced.

Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression ; immunology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; immunology ; Trichloroethylene ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo identify differentially expressed genes in human embryo lung fibroblasts MRC-5 with adaptive response induced by low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) using fluorescent differential display-RT-PCR (FDDRT-PCR).

METHODSThe dose-effect pattern of H2O2 toxicity was determined using MTT assay, and the dose of 0.088, 0.88, 8.8, 88 micro;mol/L was defined as the low concentration, and 1100 micromol/L as the high concentration. Adaptive response model was established in MRC-5 cells verified using LDH release and cell apoptosis analyses. Differentially expressed genes in the cells with exposure to different doses of H(2)O(2) were detected by FDDRT-PCR, and some of the differentially displayed genes were determined using real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSCells challenged with high-concentration H(2)O(2) for 1 h after H(2)O(2) pretreatment at low concentrations for 24 h resulted in lessened toxic effect in comparison with direct high-concentration H(2)O(2) exposure. The adaptive response of the cells was most obvious with H(2)O(2) pretreatment at 0.88 micromol/L. Altogether 60 differentially expressed genes were detected with FDDRT-PCR in different treatment groups, and 5 of them were identified and verified, including 1 unknown gene and 4 known genes (bcl-2, EIF3S5, NDUFS4 and RPS10).

CONCLUSIONAccording to the results of FDDRT-PCR, the genes bcl-2, EIF3S5, NDUFS4 and RPS10 can be involved in H(2)O(2)-induced adaptive response of the MRC-5 cells.

Adaptation, Physiological ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; chemistry ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; pharmacology ; NADH Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Oxidants ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods