Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; Male ; Suppuration ; diagnosis ; Tonsillitis ; diagnosis

Crystallization ; Eosinophils ; enzymology ; Fascioliasis ; pathology ; Granuloma ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Lung ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Lung Diseases, Parasitic ; pathology ; Lysophospholipase ; metabolism ; Paragonimiasis ; pathology

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To study the in vitro effect and mechanism of Ginkgo biloba Extract 50 (GBE50) for inhibiting beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced oxidative stress in rats' hippocampal neurons.

METHODSThe primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups, i. e. the normal control group (Ctrl), the Abeta group, the propanediol control group (PDO), and the six GBE50 concentrations groups (5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 microg/mL). Excepted the Ctrl group, neurons were induced to oxidative stress by 20 gmolLAbeta25-35. The MTT and fluorescent probes labeling were used to observe the effect of GBE50 with different concentrations on the cell viability and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the cytoplasmic/total cytochrome C (Cyto C) ratio and total intracytoplasmal Cyto C, and the effect of the expression of oxidative stress-related protein Cyto C and activated Caspase-3 in three GBE50 concentrations groups (25, 50, and 100 microg/mL).

RESULTSCompared with the Ctrl group, the cell vitality was obviously lowered and intracellular ROS generation significantly increased after induction of 20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 (both P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, the cell vitality was evidently improved after treated with different GBE50 doses. Except for 10 microg/mL, the cell vitality could be obviously elevated along with increased drug concentrations (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intracellular ROS generation decreased significantly in each GBE50 dose groups (P < 0.05). Abeta could increase the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and enhance the activated Caspase-3 expression significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the Abeta group, among the three concentrations of GBE50, the Cyto C ratio was obviously lowered in the 100 microg/mL GBE50 group (P < 0.05), and the expression of activated Caspase-3 significantly decreased in 50 microg/mL and 100 microg/mL GBE50 groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS20 micromol/L Abeta25-35 could induce the generation of intracellular ROS in hippocampal neurons. GBE50 could inhibit Abeta induced intracellular oxidative stress of neurons through lowering the cytoplasmic/total Cyto C ratio and inhibiting the activation of apoptosis protein Caspase-3 expression.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the transcranial surgical method with lateral orbital approach for the treatment of cranio-orbital fibrous dysplasia.

METHODSLateral orbital transcranial extradural approach was adopted to correct complicated fibrous dysplasia in which the frontal, orbital, sphenoid, temporal bones were involved. Partial lesion removal and optic nerve decompression were performed through the transcranial extradural route by fronto-temporal cranial bone flap exposure. The fronto-orbital skeleton was shaped after bone flap deactivation.

RESULTS8 cases were treated successfully with no complication. The period of follow-up ranged from 9 months to 3 years. The appearance and the vision improved greatly. Cranial CT showed good bony union with no relapse.

CONCLUSIONSLateral orbital transcranial surgical approach is an optimal technique to correct cranio-orbital fibrous dysplasia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit ; surgery ; Orbital Diseases ; surgery ; Skull ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in children undergoing adenoidectomy, and to discuss its possible causes.

METHODSIncluded in this study were children who underwent adenoid and/or tonsil surgery at Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2004 and November 2009. The change of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were retrospectively analysed. The blood loss was estimated by the change of Hct.

RESULTSThere were 2078 cases that accomplished the inclusion criteria in the period of study. Ten children bled 0.5 - 4.0 hours after surgery, without superfluous hemorrhage during the operation and post-tonsillectomy. This represented an incidence of 0.48%of immediate postoperative haemorrhage among the 2078 procedures analyzed. Statistical differences were found between boys (0.21%) and girls (1.10%, χ² = 5.597, P < 0.05). The change of Hb and Hct was positively correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.01), the blood loss was positively correlated with the bleeding time (r = 0.66, P < 0.05). The causes of postoperative hemorrhage were coagulation system deficits, chronic nasopharyngitis, deficient hemostasis and immoderate ravage. To control the postoperative hemorrhage, 2 postnasal packing under topical anaesthesia and 8 electrocautery under general anaesthesia were applied.

CONCLUSIONSPoor operative technique and deficient hemostasis are the major causes of primary hemorrhage. Prompt operation to control the postoperative bleeding should be done 2 hours after bleeding under general anesthesia in order to avoid severe complications.

Adenoidectomy ; adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonsillectomy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVERetrospective analysis was performed on the etiology of inspiratory laryngeal stridor in children. The purpose is to raise the diagnosis and cure rate of the disease.

METHODSAll patients were hospitalized in Children's Hospital from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2007. Among of them, 245 cases were male and 133 cases were female. The median age was 4 months (range from 12 hours to 30 months). All the patients had chest X-ray examination. Two hundred and eighteen cases received chest CT scan, video laryngoscope, direct laryngoscope and bronchofibroscopy.

RESULTSThe diagnosis were as follows: acute laryngitis (140 cases), laryngomalacia (117 cases), acute laryngotracheal bronchitis (54 cases), vocal cord paralysis (18 cases), congenital tracheomalacia (9 cases), congenital laryngeal webs (8 cases), congenital cleft of larynx (6 cases), laryngeal cyst (6 cases), laryngeal papilloma (6 cases), acute epiglottitis (4 cases), congenital infraglottic stenosis (3 cases), tracheobronchial foreign body (3 cases), cysts thyrolinguals (1 case). All cases were cured except congenital tracheomalacia (9 cases), congenital cleft of larynx (6 cases), laryngeal papilloma (6 cases), congenital infraglottic (3 cases).

CONCLUSIONSThe etiology of inspiratory laryngeal stridor in children are very complicated. Video laryngoscope is recommended for all cases except for the acute inflammation disease. Chest CT scan and bronchofibroscopy may be necessary for some cases.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Inhalation ; Laryngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; physiopathology ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; physiopathology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs22833188 and rs2833195 in TIAM1 gene with the susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD) and its clinical characteristic in children.

METHODSA case-control study was performed in this study. One hundred and eighty-eight children with KD and 197 normal children served as controls were enrolled. The genotypes of two SNPs rs22833188 and rs2833195 in TIAM1 gene were detected using PCR-RFLP.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the genotype (AA, AG and GG) and allele frequencies of SNP rs2833188 between the KD and control groups. Significant differences in the genotype (CC, GC and GG) frequency of SNP rs2833195 were noted between the KD and control groups (P=0.017). The frequency of C allele in the KD group was higher than in the control group (P=0.015). The polymorphism of SNP rs2833188 was associated with the occurrence of rash (P=0.011), and the polymorphism of SNP rs2833195 was associated with the occurrence of conjunctival hyperemia (P=0.021).

CONCLUSIONSThe polymorphism of rs2833195 in TIAM1 gene is associated with the susceptibility to KD. The polymorphisms rs2833188 and rs2833195 in TIAM1 gene may be associated with some clinical characteristics in children with KD.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1

Objective To observe the injury of high intensity focused ultrasound combined with radiotherapy (RT) to the pancreas,the unintended abdominal tissues and organs of swine in vivo.MethodsAccording to the criterion to grade the gross and histological injury of the pancreas and the unintended tissue,the scores of injury between the groups to get the data of safety and feasibility of high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)combined with RT were compared.Results There was a better tolerance in each group and no fatal complication was observed.For the pancreas there was significant difference for the combined group compared with the other groups.For the unintended target tissue there was no significance difference except the control group with the other groups.Conclusion HIFU combined with RT can increase the injury to the pancreas of the swine compared with HIFU alone; while there was no increase for the injury to the unintended target tissue.The main toxicity of combination treatment is the toxicity of RT and can be tolerated by the animals.If the HIFU treatment is strictly controlled,the combination of HIFU and RT is safe and feasible.

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnosis, surgical treatment and outcome of craniopharyngioma in 31 children.

METHODSThe clinical data of 31 children (aged 7-14 years) with craniopharyngioma were studied retrospectively.

RESULTSHeadache, visual disorder and growth retardation were main manifestations in the 31 children. The 31 children were definitely diagnosed with craniopharyngioma by CT and MRI. In the 31 cases, 19 (61.3%) underwent total tumor removal, 5 (16.1%) subtotal removal, and 7 (22.6%) partial removal. After tumor removal, transient diabetes insipidus occurred in 19 cases (61.3%) and long-term diabetes insipidus in 3 cases. Six cases (19.4%) presented hypothalamic injuries after surgery. No patient died after surgery. Five patients (16.1%) had recurrent tumor in a mean follow-up of 32.5 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis of childhood craniopharyngioma may be based on clinical manifestations and CT/MRI examinations. Craniotomy is a preferred surgical treatment. Proper extent of tumor resection should be determined in order to reduce the tumor recurrence and the incidence of postoperative complications.

Adolescent ; Child ; Craniopharyngioma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed