A new benzene derivative microintegerrin C (1) and a new norsesquiterpenoid microintegerrin D (2), along with six known compounds (3-8), were isolated and identified from stems and leaves of Micromelum integerrimum by various chromatographies such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, RP-18 column chromatography and HPLC. Their structures were mainly identified based on the spectral data analysis such as 1D-, 2D-NMR and HR-EI-MS. All known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; isolation & purification

A new phenethanol, (2'R)-4-(2', 3'-dihydroxy-3'-methyl-butanoxy)-phenethanol (1), along with other eleven known benzene derivatives (2-12) were isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of Clausena excavata (Rutaceae). Compounds 3 and 4 are new natural products, and compounds 5-8, 10-12 were isolated from C. excavata for the first time. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses including HSQC, COSY and HMBC experiments. 1 was tested for its cytotoxicities against A549, HeLa and BGC-823 cancer cell lines, and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that 1 did not exhibit cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
Benzene Derivatives ; chemistry ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Clausena ; chemistry ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

One new dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-N-methyl Glu-L-N-methyl Glu) (1), together with one new natural dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-methyl Glu ester) (2), and two known dicyclopeptides cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-Glu) (3), and cyclo-(L-Glu-L-Glu) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dianthus chinensis L. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.
Dianthus ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

objective To explore the role of cytokines and dendritic cells (DCs) in rat high-risk corneal allograft survival pro- longed by superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) and to compare the different effects between SEB and glucocorticoid. Design Experimental study.Participants Fisher 344 and Lewis rats.Methods The Fisher 344 and Lewis inbred rats were used for high-risk penetrating keratoplasty model.All of the Lewis rat recipients were divided into three groups by blinded fashion.GroupⅠand GroupⅡrats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.2ml saline buffer or SEB (75?g/ml) respectively at 4-day intervals on three occasions before transplantation.GroupⅢrats were injected subconjunctivally with 0.1ml dexamethasone (1mg/ml) daily from the first day after surgery for 2 weeks.The allograft survival was examined under slit-lamp.The concentration of interleukin IL-1?,IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-6, IL-10,TNF-?in rat aqueous humor and peripheral blood were measured by liquichip and the cytokine and CD11c,CD80,MHC-Ⅱex- pression in corneal grafts were examined by immunohistochemestry staining.Main Octcome Measures Mean survival time of the allo- grafts,the level of cytokines in aqueous humor,peripheral blood and corneal grafts.Results Compared with group control,the grafts mean survival time was delayed about 3.8d in group SEB (P=0.00) and 7.1d in group dexamethasone(P=0.01).But there was no signifi- cant difference between group SEB and dexamethone (P=0.26).Liquichip test showed that the level of IL-1?in aqueous humor was re- duced and IL-4,IL-6 and IFN-?,ascended.Only IFN-?,and IL-6 could be found in peripheral blood,and the changing shift of them was similar to that in aqueous humor.The immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of IL-2 in rat corneal grafts was signif- icantly decreased but IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 elevated.The expression of DCs in group SEB was similar to that in group control,which was elevated after keratoplasty,but the phenotype of DCs was not the same.There were predominantly mature DCs in group control while immature DCs in group SEB.Conclusions The immunological inhibiting effect of SEB is same to glucocorticoid,but the mecha- nism is different.SEB can modulate immune response,which might induce immune inhibition via the local production of cytokines and effect on DCs maturation involving corneal graft rejection prevention.

Objective To investigate the effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on inflammatory factors in children with asthma.Methods Eighty children with moderate asthma who aged 6-14 years old were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups:5 mg once daily montelukast,or inhaled 100 ?g twice daily budesonide and 5 mg montelukast with inhaled budesonide 100 ?g per day.Each dose group received medicine for 12 weeks.Before starting therapy and 12 months later,clinical effects were observed,and pulmonary function was measured in patients simultaneously;concentrations of serum and sputum eosinophil cationic protein(ECP), IL-5 and TNF-? were measured respectively;also the peripheral blood eosinophil (Eos)was counted.Results Following treatment,clinical evaluation was improved and there were significant increases in pulmonary function in asthmatic children.Compared with control group,the levels of serum ECP,IL-5,TNF-? and blood Eos counting increased significantly in asthmatic children.The blood Eos counting was significantly correlated with ECP concentration in serum of children with asthma(P

Objective To observe the influence of long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroid on biochemical bone indexes and bone mineral density (BMD) in children with asthma. Methods The design was a randomized, paralleled group study with 3 low dose regiments of 100, 200,300 micrograms of budesonide per day in 45 children with asthma aged 5-8 years old for 12 months. Before inhaled corticosteroid therapy and 6th,12th month,clinical effects were observed and lung function(FEV1) was measured; concentration of serum osteocalcin(OST),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),bony alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and urinary deoxypyridinolin: creatinine (DPD/Cr) were measured; BMD was examined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Clinical evaluation was improved and there was significant increase in FEV1 of asthmatic children. The amount of serum OST was slightly higher,yet no significant compared with that of normal control group. There was significant increase of serum BALP in asthmatic children after treatment; there was significant increase in serum IGF-1 of patients group after treatment compared with in normal children at the same age group; there was significant decrease in urinary DPD/Cr after treatment.There was no significant decrease in BMD before and after treatment at the hip (neck of femur , trochanter of femur ,Ward′s triangle),the lumber area of the spine (L2-4) and forearm (ultradis, distal). Conclusion Long-term treatment with low does corticosteroid dose not restrictedly affect bone metabolism and BMD in children with asthma.

Objective To establish an isolated rat pancreas perfusion technique,a method for the precise measurement of insulin secretion in vitro.Methods An isolated rat pancreas perfusion technique was applied in the study of insulin secretion from?-cells in 10 high-fat diet-induced obese Wistar rats.Results For the assessment of the functional integrity of the perfused pancreas,the isolated pancreas of 6 rats met all the criteria: (1)The constancy of perfusion pressure was kept over the whole experiment time[(70?5)mm Hg,1 mm Hg= 0.133 kPa].(2)The duodenal peristaltic activity of isolated pancreas and duodenum block was present after perfusion experiment.(3)Total insulin response to arginine stimulation was significantly increased as compared with glucose stimulation[maximum insulin secretion rate:(987?100)?U/min vs(545?50)?U/min,P

OBJECTIVETo compare laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF)and Toupet laparoscopic fundoplication (LTF) with respect to treatment outcomes and postoperative complications.

METHODSPubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing laparoscopic Nissen and Toupet fundoplication were included. Outcomes evaluation included occurrences of heartburn, reflux, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, abdominal distention, failure to hiccup, diarrhea, and early complications and degree of patient satisfaction at early (three to six months) and later (one to three years) post-operative periods.

RESULTSOf 939 patients in seven RCTs, 478 received LNF and 461 received LTF. For both groups, control of reflux was good and occurrence of heartburn was similar (P>0.05). A lower incidence of postoperative dysphagia for both early and later post-operative periods, but a higher overall complication rate in early post-operative period were observed in the LTF group (P<0.05). Patient satisfaction was similar (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSLNF and LTF are both safe and effective. The adoption of procedure should be based on the patient status and surgeon experience.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents contained in the seeds of Cucumis sativus.

METHODThe fatty oil was extracted by heating and refluxing with petroleum ether. Potassium hydroxide-methanol solution was used for saponification. An unsaponifiable matter was extracted by EtOAc and separated with various chromatographic methods. Its structure was identified on the basis of their physicochemical properties and spectral data. The fatty acid fraction was methyl-esterified and determined by GC. The composition and relative content of fatty acid were determined with normalization method of peak area.

RESULT24-ethylcholesta-7, 22, 25-trienol (1), 24-ethylcholesta-7, 25-dienol (2) ,avenasterol (3), spinasterol (4), karounidiol (5) and isokarounidiol (6) were separated and identified from the unsaponifiable matter. Myristic acid (7, 0.12%), palmitic acid (8, 12.04%), palmitoleic acid (9, 0.09%), heptadecanoic acid (10, 0.06%), stearic acid (11, 5.64%), oleic acid (12, 6.95%), linoleic acid (13, 74.40%), arachidic acid (14, 0.19%), and alpha-linolenic acid (15, 0.51%) were identified from the fatty acids part.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 5, 6, 9, 10, 14,and 15 were first reported in C. sativus.

OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence rate, pattern and affective factors of mental disorder due to brain damage. METHODS: According to CCMD-2-R, 388 subjects with traumatic brain damage in the Psychiatric Hospital of Huainan city within last 5 years were assessed by three psychiatrists 6 months to 1 year after brain injury. RESULTS: (1) 74.2% of the mental disordered due to brain injury have intellectual impairment, most of them is mild; (2) The intracranial hematoma, brain stem injury, brain injury extent, GCS, complicated mental disorder, and education have great effect on intellectual impairment; (3) There is an intimate relationship between the intellectual impairment and the brain stem injury, intracranial hematoma, GCS, brain injury extent, and unconsciousness time. There is an intimate relationship between the mental symptom and the brain injury extent, contusion and laceration of brain, frontal lobe injury, and intracranial hematoma. There is also an intimate relationship between the personality change and the frontal lobe injury, unfolding brain case treatment, and intracranial hematoma. CONCLUSION To assess overall mental disorder should rely on the characteristics of craniocerebral injuries.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain Injuries/complications* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/etiology* ; Intelligence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mental Disorders/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Young Adult