BACKGROUND: Absorbable material is a hotspot in orthopedics, which is biodegradable, avoids fixation residues and second surgical trauma compared with the traditional internal fixation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of K-wires, screws and absorbable rods for the internal fixation of Mason II-III radial head fractures.METHODS: Totally 45 patients with Mason Ⅱ-Ⅲ radial head fractures were collected from January 2010 to December 2015 admited in Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital and Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and were then divided into three groups (n=15 per group), followed by implanted with K-wires (group A), screws (group B)and absorbable rods (group C), respectively. The baseline data, operation time, blood loss, healing time, Mayo and Broberg-Morrey scores were compared among groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were no significant differences in the baseline data, operation time, blood loss,and healing time among groups (P > 0.05). (2) The Mayo scores in the groups A, B, and C were (88.45±6.22),(92.37±5.60), and (90.82±6.58), respectively; the Broberg-Morrey scores in the groups A, B, and C group were ((90.82±6.83), (93.05±6.54), and (91.68±7.15), respectively; all above scores showed no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). (4) The total incidence rate of complications in the groups A, B, and C was 20％ (2/15), 13％ (2/15),and 7％ (1/15) respectively, showing no significant difference among groups (P > 0.05). (4) These results indicate that the absorbable rods can obtain satisfactory treatment outcomes for Mason II-III radial head fractures, which is equivalent to the traditional internal fixation. Moreover, it can avoid secondary operation for removing internal fixators and the adverse impact of stress shielding, so it is recommended to be used in clinic.

AIM:To establish the murine model of oxygen induced retinopathy ( OIR) and to evaluate the inhibition of retinal neovascularization by erythropoietin ( EPO) blockade.
METHODS: Neonates of C57BL/6 mouse ( P7 ) were exposed to 75%±2% oxygen for 5d and return to normal air environment when 12d ( P12 ) to establish oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization model. The neonates were divided into groups, injected with 0. 5μL solution containing 25ng ( group A), 50ng ( group B), 250ng ( group C) of soluble erythropoietin receptor ( EPO-R) or PBS (group D) at P12, P14 and P16 in the right eye. On P17, the litters were sacrificed and their right eyes were enucleated and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, made pathological section. The number of breakthrough internal limiting membrane neovascular nuclei was counted with pathological retinal morphology, understanding theproliferative degree of retinal neovascularization.
RESULTS: The pathological sections showed the neovascular cell nuclei which penetrating the inner limiting membrane in intravitreal EPO receptor injection group was reduced statistically than that in PBS injection group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). And, neovascular nuclei count differences in the
various concentrations of EPO receptor group was statistically significant (P<0. 01). With the EPO receptor concentration increase, neovascular endothelial cells broken through the internal limiting membrane was reduced.
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of soluble EPO receptor can block EPO and improve neovascularization. The new method is expected to become new treatment of ocular neovascular diseases.

?AlM: To evaluate the relationship of early-life and childhood exposures and age-related cataract ( ARC ) , and provide a scientific evidence for early preventing, treating and detecting ARC.
?METHODS: A hospital-based case control study was conducted from April 2011 to October 2012. A total of 360 cases ( 360 eyes ) aged 41 ~ 60 years old for cataract extraction and 360 frequency-matched controls in the same hospital for various not related to ARC were included in the study. A structured interviewer -administrated questionnaire that included information on sociodemographic characteristics, early - life and childhood exposures was used. The risk factors of ARC were estimated with unconditioned logistic regression models.
?RESULTS:Early gestational age at birth sooner and lower birth weight was significantly associated with the risk of ARC(OR=1. 152,95%CI:1. 029~2. 235,P=0. 024;OR=1. 374, 95%CI:1. 156 ~2. 581,P=0. 037,respectively). The maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes ( OR=1. 587, 95%CI:1. 177~2. 915,P=0. 019),gestational diabetes (OR=1. 763, 95%CI:1. 375 ~ 2. 367,P= 0. 004), preeclampsia(OR=1. 581, 95%CI: 1. 139 ~1. 996,P=0. 021), and pregnancy induced hypertension (OR=1. 517, 95%CI:1. 032~1. 963,P=0. 024) could make the risk of ARC increased. Of the factors affecting the period of children, only shorter height relative to peers and overweight at age 10 were significantly associated with the risk of ARC( OR=1. 329, 95%CI:1. 072~2. 351,P=0. 038;OR=2. 302, 95%CI:1. 323~3. 196,P=0. 011, respectively).
?CONCLUSlON:Early gestational age at birth, low birth weight, the maternal pre - pregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and gestational hypertension, and shorter height and overweight relative to peers, at age 10 were risk factors of ARC. But lasted long large and prospective studies are needed to insure early risk factors for ARC in the Chinese population.

Objective To investigate the roles of ulinastatin in improving coagulation function and inhibiting fibrolysis in neohepatic phase in liver transplantation. Methods Forty patients who were to undergo liver transplantation were randomly divided into ulinastatin group(experiment group,n=20) and placebo group(control group,n=20).Platelet,prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) and fibrinogen(Fg) were measured at induction,anhepatic phase(10 min after clamping),neohepatic phase(5 and 60 min after unclamping) and the end of operation.Coagulation index(CI) of thromboelastogram(TEG) was monitored,and the volumes of blood loss,red blood cells infusion,fresh frozen plasma infusion and cryoprecipitate infusion were recorded. Results Five min after unclamping,the number of patients with CI

AlM:To investigate the effect of teaching mode of problem- based learning ( PBL ) in the teaching of medical students' clinical ophthalmology.
METHODS: Five classes ( total 148 students ) were randomly selected as experimental group, using PBL method, at the same time another 5 classes ( total 151 students) were also randomly selected as control group, using lecture-based learning ( LBL) mode in 2010 grade. The scores of the experimental group were compared with control at the end of term. ln addition, students and teachers were respectively interviewed using self -administered questionnaire to obtain their evaluation for PBL practice.
RESULTS:The mean scores of PBL group (78. 35±7. 63) were significantly higher than control group (71. 68±6. 37) (P<0. 001). Most of students thought that their ability of referring, synthesizing and analyzing information was enhanced by PBL, and their skills both in written and oral were also improved. PBL made it easier to understand the contexts of course. lt was the best way to improve the effect of teaching in ophthalmology based on the increase of quality in novitiate that gives more chance to students of contacting with practice, developing the ability of clinical thinking and verifying the theory in clinical novitiate. Lots of teachers considered that the classroom atmosphere was more active, students were becoming more and more proactive on their classes and the relationship between students and teachers were more harmonious when PBL was used.
CONCLUSlON:Using PBL teaching mode can highly improve the teaching effectiveness of clinical epidemiology, which is worth popularizing.

Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Pain ; etiology ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; etiology ; Rabies ; complications

Objective:To systematically evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:All studies about the predictive effect of NLR on AKI were searched in the National Medical Library of the United States PubMed Database, the Embase database in the Netherlands, the Chinese Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) and the Chinese Evidence Based Medicine Cochrane Centre Database (CEBM/CCD). The data updated by October 2020, and regardless of language, region or whether blind method was used. Two authors independently extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies. Data extracted from the studies were analyzed with RevMan 5.3 to assess the predictive value of NLR on AKI. A subgroup Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of NLR on AKI according to different countries, different disease types (cardiovascular surgery, infectious diseases, other diseases including burns, cirrhosis, and emergency), and different sample sizes (≤ 300 cases and > 300 cases). The publication bias of included studies about the predictive effect of NLR on AKI were assessed by funnel plots.Results:A total of 11 studies were included in this Meta-analysis, including 4 997 patients, 1 308 patients in AKI group, and 3 689 patients in non-AKI group. The Meta-analysis results showed that: increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI [mean difference ( MD) = 2.73, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.78-3.68, P < 0.000 01]. Subgroup analysis showed that increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI in patients from Southeast Asia ( MD = 4.04, 95% CI was 1.09-6.99, P = 0.007) and Eurasia ( MD = 2.51, 95% CI was 1.12-3.90, P = 0.000 4). Increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery ( MD = 0.77, 95% CI was 0.34-1.20, P = 0.000 4), infectious diseases ( MD = 4.74, 95% CI was 1.51-7.96, P = 0.004) and other diseases ( MD = 8.53, 95% CI was 6.26-10.80, P<0.000 01). Increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI in studies with a sample size of ≤ 300 cases ( MD = 6.02, 95% CI was 4.90-7.14, P <0.000 01) and > 300 cases ( MD = 1.32, 95% CI was 0.61-2.03, P = 0.000 3). There was no significant publication bias in the included studies assessed by funnel plots. Conclusion:NLR is an important predictive tool for AKI.

Objective To compare the results of the three grades pictures affiliated With the Synotophore and to choose the opti- mal pictures for the clinician.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 41 normal persons and 44 cases of intermittent exotropia. Methods All participants were separately examined the three grades function with different kinds and degrees pictures affiliated with the Synotophore.The average radian measured with four sorts of pictures of the first grade function and the average measured with the three sorts of pictures of the second grade function were analysed,the stereoacuity of third grade function was measured with qualitative picture and random dot quantitative picture.Comparison was made between two groups of the people who possessed with stereoacuity. Main Outcome Measures Radians and seconds gained from the pictures affiliated with the Synotophone,Results Synotophore of the superposition of the first grade function:the outcome of using four sorts of pictures to examine the normal persons were 1.47+1.68, 1.21?1.21,1.68?1.60,1.32?1.27,F=0.595,P=0.619;the intermittent exotropias were 8.41?4.30,8.73?4.26,8.45?3.86,8.73?4.28,F= 0.070,P=0.987;the difference was not prominent.The fusion range of the second grade of Synotophore,using three different pictures to examine the normal persons were 26.03?6.17,21.11?6.87,17.21?5.40,F=17.260,P=0.000,the result of the fusion range has direct proportion with the degrees of the pictures,the bigger the picture was,the larger the fusion range,the difference was statistically signif- icant.And there was no significant differences for the intermittent exotropias when examined with the same pictures(21.74?7.43,21.31?7.82,20.32?7.53),F=0.590,P=0.556.The stereoaeuity of the third grade of Synotophore,in the normal person group 85.4% and 100%, X~2=4.877,P=0.027,the results were statistically significant between the qualitative picture and the random dot quantitative picture. About the intermittent exotropia group,no statistically significant differences were detected(72.73% and 59.10%),X~2=1.821,P=0.177. Condusion Choose pictures randomly when examine the first grade function of Synotophore;for the second grade function of Syno- tophore in both groups may choose intergraded degree pictures;the stereoacuity of the third grade of Synotophore,normal group should choose quantitative pictures,while strabismic patients may choose both of them.(Ophthalmol CHN,2008,17:120-122)

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of the modified Kock method of bladder re- construction with ileum,and to provide the objective basis for wide application of this technique.Methods A total of 51 patients with bladder cancer(T_2N_0M_0 stage tumor in 37 cases,T_3N_0M_0 stage tumor in 14; and pathologic gradeⅡ-Ⅲin all)were included.After radical cystectomy,modified Kock reconstruction of bladder with ileum was performed in them.The procedure consisted of preparing the segment of the ileum for reconstruction of the reservoir,anastomosing the low part of the neobladder with the urethra and regaining the original urinary conduit.Results The mean operative time was 6.5h(range,5.5-8.5h);mean in- traoperative blood loss was 650ml(range,300-1200ml),with blood transfusion in 31 cases.Perioperative complications included stress ulcer in 6 cases and urinary leakage in 1.The other 44 cases had no severe complications.Four cases died of cancer metastasis at 6-18 months after operation.During a follow-up of 8 -32 months,the other 47 cases recovered well and have been alive till now.Two cases had ureteral urine reflux with no impairment of renal function.The daytime urinary continent rate was 100%;and nocturnal uri- nary incontinence occurred in 6 cases.Conclusions The modified Koek reconstruction of bladder with il- eum can improve the patients'quality of life with fewer complications,therefore is a better treatment choice for infiltrative bladder cancer after radical eystectomy.

Racemic (±)-F18 (10-chloromethyl-11-demethyl-12-oxo-calanolide A), an analog of nature product (+)-calanolide A, is a new anti-HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcript inhibitor (NNRTI). A successful enantioseparation of (±)-F18 offering (R)-F18 and (S)-F18 was achieved by a chiral stationary phase prepared HPLC. Their absolute configurations were determined by measurement of their electronic circular dichroisms combined with modem quantum-chemical calculations. Further investigation revealed that (R)-F18 and (S)-F18 shared a similar anti-HIV activities, however, (R)-F18 was more potent than (S)-F18 against wild-type virus, K101E mutation and P225H mutation pseudoviruses.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Pyranocoumarins ; chemistry