Breast cancer is a multistep process with abnormalities of some biomarkers.Knowledge of biomarkers can provide prognostic information in addition to the clinicopathologic factors,and is useful to carry out the indiviual treat- ment.In this review,we summarized the most recent work in the field of biological markers used for the prognosis,such as Her-2/neu,P53,BRCA1,Angiogenesis,LOH,et al

Objective To study the risk factors affecting neoplasm recurrence and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following liver transplantation(LT).Methods The clinicopatholo gic data,neoplasm recurrence and survival results of 118 patients with HCC receiving LT were retro- spectively analyzed and various clinicopathologic risk factors for neoplasm recurrence and survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The follow-up time ranged from 1 to 32 months.The recurrence rate was 37.3% and the mortality was 35.5%.The 12-,18-,24-month survival rate was 84.55%,70.30% and 62.24%,respectively.The 12-,18-,24-month neoplasm free survival rate was 69.05%,66.93% and 61.38%,respectively.In the univariate analysis,por- tal vein neoplasm thrombus(PVTT),Milan-criteria,neoplasm size,histological differentiation and pTNM stage were associated significantly with neoplasm recurrence,and PVTT,Milan-criteria,pre- operative alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),histological differentiation and pTNM stage were associated signif- icantly with survival rate;In the multivariate Logistic regression analysis,PVTT and histological dif- ferentiation were independent predictive factors of neoplasm recurrence,and multivariate Cox regres- sion analysis showed that PVTT and AFP independently associated with prognosis.Conclusions PVTT and histological differentiation are the most important predictive factors of neoplasm recur- rence,and PVTT and AFP independently predict the survival of patients undergoing LT.

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors for regional nodal failure(RNF) and chest wall recurrence(CWR) in T1 or T2 breast cancer patients(median age 44 year-range 26-72) with 1-3 positive axillary nodes treated with postmastectomy radiotherapy limited to the regional nodes.Methods From 1990 to 1999,320 patients were treated with postmastectomy(radical or modified radical) radiother- apy confined to the supraclavicular and internal mammary nodes with a median dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks.The median number of nodes examined was 8 (range 1-24).The median lymph nods rate (LNR) was 25% (range 5%-100%).Results The 5-year overall survival rate and disease free survival rate was 89.7% and 83.4%,respectively.The 5-year RNF and CWR was 7.9% and 5.7%,respectively. The 5-year RNF in patients with LNR＜30% and≥30% was 4.4% and 14.0% (P=0.002).The 5-year CWR in the subgroups with LNR＜30% and≥30% was 3.5% and 9.6% (P=0.018).In age≤35 year eld patients with LNR≥30%,the 5-year RNF and CWR was 40.0% and 20.0%.In T2 patients with LNR≥30%,the 5-year RNF and CWR was 15.8% and 12.2%.Age and LNR were independent prognostic factors for RNF+CWR,LNR was the only independent prognostic factor for CWR by multivariate analysis. Conclusions In T1 or T2 breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axiliary nodes treated with radical or modified radical mastectomy,a relatively high incidence of chest wall recurrence is observed in the subgroup of patients with lymph nods rate of 30% or greater accompanied by a T2 primary tumor or age≤35 years old. Lymph nodes rate is the only significant prognostic factor of chest wall recurrence.For these patients,post- operative lymphatic drainage area and chest wall irradiation should be considered.

Adult ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Ganglioglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) and the metastasis potential in human breast cancer. METHODS Breast cancer tissue sections from 75 patients, grouped according to the local lymph node status were examined immunohistochemically for protein level of DARC. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted by endothelial cells immunostained using anti-CD34 antibody.

RESULTSStrong positive DARC immunostaining in lymph node negative and positive groups was detected in 31 cases (81.6%) and 18 cases (48.6%), respectively (P < 0.01). MVD was (35.67 +/- 17.96)/HP and (53.38 +/- 20.29)/HP in DARC strong positive and less positive cases (P < 0.01). In those patients with lung, bone, hepatic distant metastasis (13 cases), 9 cases (69.2%) were DARC less positive, 4 cases (30.8%) were DARC strong positive. The correlation coefficient was -0.412 between DARC expression and MVD and the corresponding value was -0.346 between DARC expression and lymph node status and -0.333 between DARC expression and distant metastasis in breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONDARC may play a negative role in the process of neoangiogenesis, and probably has an association with the lymph node status.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Duffy Blood-Group System ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Survival Analysis

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Shengxue Mixture (SXM) in treating aplastic anemia and study the possible mechanism. Methods: Eighty-four patients in the treated group with Spleen-Kidney Yang deficiency syndrome and Spleen-Kidney Yin deficiency syndrome were treated with SXM-Ⅰ and SXM-Ⅱ respectively, and 30 patients in the control group were treated with Stanozolol. The clinical effect and several experimental parameters were also observed. Results: The basic cure was gained in 18 cases, remission in 23, markedly improved in 32, ineffective 11, total effective rate and cure remission rate of the treated group were 86.90% and 48.81% respectively, which were obviously better than those of the control group (P<0.05) with no obvious side-effect. While the patient's symptoms were alleviated, the peripheral blood cells increased, the ratio of T lymphocyte subsets tended to balance, the level of natural killer cell activity increased, interleukin-2 reduced, and reproduction of the bone marrow were markedly improved in most of the patients treated by SXM. Conclusions: SXM is an effective and safe drug for aplastic anemia. Its mechanism might be likely due to its regulating the immune function, which facilitates the recovery of the bone marrow hematopoiesis function.

Objective:To investigate the location of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A 1 (hnRNP A1 ) ,and to analyze the relationship between the location and clinicopathologic feature and its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) .Methods : The location of hnRNP A1 was studied in an independent cohort of 323 HCC patients by immunohistochemistry ,the hnRNP A1 location and clinicopathologic feature and its prognostic significance in HCC were concluded .Results:For hnRNP A1 ,there was weak‐to‐moderate intensity immunoreactivity with nuclear expression in normal liver ,while showed cytoplasmic and nuclear loaction in HCC .The cytoplasmic loaction of hnRNP A1 is significantly correlated with poor prognosis of HCC patients after operation .Conclusions :The hnRNP A1 is a great independent prognostic indicator , which can accurately predict the poor outcome of HCC patients after surgery .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of closed reduction and external fixation (plaster or splint) for the treatment of displaced humeral supracondylar fractures in children.

METHODSFrom March 2007 to September 2009,33 children (15 female and 18 male) with humeral supracondylar fractures treated in our hospital, ranging from 3 to 12 years old with an average of 6.4 years old. All the fractures were extension-type injuries, the flexion injures were excluded in our study. The humeral supracondylar fractures were classified according to Gartland classification. There were 21 Type H and 12 type III. In the initial treatment, all the patients were treated with closed reduction and external immobilization. The blood supply of the damaged upper extremity was evaluated before and after treatment. Clinical assessment was obtained at final follow-up using Flynn criteria, and radiologic assessment was obtained using Baumann and lateral humerocapitellar angles.

RESULTSAll the children were treated successfully with closed reduction in the initial time; 24 children maintained limb alignment by external immobilization. Nine patients lost position due to the swelling around the elbow which affected unstable external fixation during the follow-up, 5 of which were treated with a repeated closed reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires, 4 of which were treated with traction. Thirty-one patients had a satisfactory outcome and 2 patients had an unsatisfactory outcome according to the Flynn criteria at the latest follows-up.

CONCLUSIONClosed reduction and external stabilization is an important method for the treatment of displaced humeral supracondylar fractures in children. Making regular follow-up visits after closed reduction and casting is important for patients to maintain acceptable alignment, avoid complications and diagnose any loss of reduction.

Casts, Surgical ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; surgery ; Male ; Splints

OBJECTIVETo measure the effect of atorvastatin on COX-2 expression in monocytes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSForty patients with AMI (AMI group) and 18 patients with stable coronary heart disease (control group) were enrolled, and patients with AMI were randomly given routine therapy (n = 20) and routine therapy plus atorvastatin (20 mg/day, n = 20) for a week. Peripheral blood monocytes for each participant including patients with AMI were isolated and cultured for 24 hours. During the culture, monocytes in patients with pretreatment AMI were incubated with celecoxib in different concentration (0, 0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/L). COX-2 mRNA expression in monocytes was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatant from monocytes and plasma hs-CRP levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSCOX-2 expression in monocytes in patients with AMI (0.92 +/- 0.13) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (0.19 +/- 0.08), and decreased by 66% after atorvastatin (compared with that on routine therapy, P < 0.05); IL-6 secretions of monocytes in the AMI group (204.8 +/- 45.6 ng/L) increased dramatically compared with those in the control group (40.9 +/- 1.2 ng/L, P < 0.05), and reduced dramatically by 58% when incubated with 10 micromol/L celecoxib (P < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner; plasma levels of CRP in the AMI group (43.3 +/- 14.9 mg/L) significantly increased compared with those in the control group (1.7 +/- 0.8 mg/L), and reduced by 62% after atorvastatin (compared with those in the routine therapy group, P < 0.05). COX-2 expression in monocytes in the AMI group was positively correlated with both secretions of IL-6 and plasma level of CRP (r = 0.636 and 0.662, respectively, both P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is an inflammatory activation in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with early AMI, and the monocytes-derived COX-2 may play an important role in promoting early inflammatory process. Atorvastatin may decrease COX-2 expression in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with AMI and cyclooxygenase-dependent pathway might be correlated with the anti-inflammation mechanism of statin.

Aged ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics