Androgen deprivation therapy can effectively suppress the progression of prostate cancer, but accumulating evidence for the relationship of testosterone with prostate cancer challenges the conventional wisdom. High levels of testosterone are not risk factors for prostate cancer, nor promote its development. On the contrary, a low testosterone level indicates a worse pathological stage. So far there has been no strong evidence to prove the role of testosterone in the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer. Therefore, the relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer is quite complicated and deserves further investigation.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Testosterone

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of syndecan-1 and the prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Methods The data of 30 patients with pancreatic cancer who received radical operations were retrospectively analysed.Immunohistochemical staining was performed,and the expression of syndecan-1 in tumor epithelial cells and stroma was observed by light microscopy.The relationship between immunohistochemical findings and survival was analysed.Results For those with negative,weak positive,moderate positive and strong positive expression of synecan-1 in tumor epithelial cells and stroma,there were significant differences in the case numbers between those survived for 1 to 2 years and those survived for 2 to 4 years(P

Two trace impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) with a simple and sensitive method suitable for HPLC/MSn analysis. The fragmentation behavior of lisinopril and the impurities was investigated, and two unknown impurities were elucidated as 2-(6-amino-1-(1-carboxyethylamino)-1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)-4-phenylbutanoic acid and 6-amino-2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpro-pylamino)-hexanoic acid on the basis of the multi-stage mass spectrometry and exact mass evidence. The proposed structures of the two unknown impurities were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments after preparative isolation.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Lisinopril ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the change in intestinal barrier and organ functions of burned dog after enteral administration of hypertonic electrolyte glucose solution (HEGS) in shock stage.

METHODSTwenty-four Beagle dogs inflicted with 35% TBSA full-thickness burn were divided into no-fluid group (NF), intravenous infusion with isotonic electrolyte glucose solution (IEGS) group (II group), enteral infusion with IEGS group (EI), and enteral infusion with HEGS group (EH) according to the random number table, with 6 dogs in each group. Saline, containing 50 g/L glucose, was intravenously or enterally infused into dogs in II group and EI group respectively 0.5 hour post injury (PIH) for resuscitation. Total infusion volume within PIH 24 was 4 mL x kg(-1) x %TBSA(-1) (half of the total volume was infused in the first 8 hours in a constant speed, the other half volume was infused in the rest 16 hours in a constant speed). HEGS, containing 18 g/L NaCl and 50 g/L glucose, was enterally infused into dogs in EH group. Total infusion volume within PIH 24 was 2 mL x kg(-1) x %TBSA(-1), with the same infusion speed as that in II and EI groups. Liver and kidney function indexes [activity of ALT and CK-MB, expression levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum], activity of diamine oxidase (DAO), and activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in intestinal mucosa at PIH 24 were determined.

RESULTSALT activity in each group was close to one another. Serum levels of creatinine and BUN in II, EI, and EH groups were significantly lower than those in NF group. CK-MB activity obviously increased at PIH 2 in every group. CK-MB activity in EH group at PIH 2 to 8 was respectively lower than that in NF and II groups. DAO activity in serum in II, EI, and EH groups decreased since PIH 4 or PIH 6, respectively from (3.9 + or - 0.6) U/L to (3.6 + or - 0.5) U/L, (4.8 + or - 0.4) U/L to (2.8 + or - 0.8) U/L, (6.4 + or - 1.8) U/L to (3.5 + or - 0.8) U/L, all were significantly lower than those in NF group [from (12.5 + or - 0.4) U/L to (9.7 + or - 1.1) U/L, comparison between EH group and NF group, t value at PIH 4, 6, 8, 24 was respectively 10.25, 12.44, 17.99, 16.21, P values all below 0.05]. The order of Na(+)-k(+)-ATPase activity in intestinal mucosa at PIH 24 in each group from high to low was II group, EH group, EI group, and NF group (comparison between former 3 groups and NF group, t value was respectively 10.09, 4.96, 8.32, F value was 26.79, P values all below 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHEGS does not cause significant harm to the barrier function of intestinal mucosa of shock dog after burn. Compared with NF, HEGS can significantly improve functions of heart, liver, and kidney, and it can achieve the same resuscitation effect as enteral or intravenous infusion of IEGS with only half of the solution volume.

Animals ; Burns ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Fluid Therapy ; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Intestine, Small ; physiopathology ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver ; physiopathology

Objective To investigate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1H-MRS)findings and value on dog's brain contusion and laceration.Methods Models of focal brain contusion and laceration in 10 dogs were established through hitting on the right frontal-parietal lobe with a freely drop of 200g weight at 1.3 m height.Serial examinations(1 h,24 h,72 h,5 day,8 day and 14 day after trauma)were performed with conventional MRI and ~1H-MRS.NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho rates were analyzed with GE system 1.5 T scanner and relative software.After examination,all dogs were executed to death. Pathological study was performed at local brain contusion.Results 1 h and 24 h-post trauma,NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho were significantly reduced(NAA/Cr 0.843?0.214,0.862?0.204,contralateral ones 1.069?0.284,1.048?0.232,t=-7.227,-6.718,Cho/Cr 1.181?0.224,1.243?0.134,contralateral 1.415?0.305,1.455?0.159,t=-4.332,-4.489,NAA/Cho 0.701?0.147,0.536?0.136, contralateral 0.832?0.245,0.613?0.165,t=-2.652,-2.665.P＜0.05).Microscopy showed focal petechial hemorrhage and necrosis,neuron loss,neuraxonal swelling and small glial cell slightly hyperplasia.Five day post trauma,Cho/Cr was significantly elevated in comparison with contralateral ones (1.517?0.197,contralateral 1.387?0.214,t=3.758.P＜0.05).Pathologically,inflammatory was obvious,peri-angiitis,granula tissue and fibrosis were seen.8—14 day later,NAA/Cr was not significantly reduced(0.895?0.105,0.875?0.153,contralateral 0.989?0.169,0.990?0.173,t=-2.909, -2.471.P＞0.05),Cho/Cr was significantly increased(1.457?0.168,1.572?0.374,contralaterl 1.334?0.174,1.366?0.352,t=7.312,3.201.P＜0.05)Inflammatory and gila1 hyperplasia was more significant,granuloma were seen.Lipid and Lac peak were not seen at all stages.Conclusion MRS could be a methods to monitor neuron injury and repair,and dynamically to detect the metabolic changes of brain contusion and laceration,reflecting injury severity and provide theory data for early treatment and predicting long-term outcome after trauma.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Qingchang Huashi Recipe (QHR) on the activation and expressions of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8), thus exploring its possible mechanisms for treating ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODSThe HT-29 cells were induced to inflammation model by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). HT-29 cells were divided into 6 groups, i.e., the vehicle control group, the model control group, the sulfasalazine (SASP) group, the high dose QHR group, the middle dose QHR group, the low dose QHR group. Effects on the cell growth were detected by MTT. The chemoattractant of macrophages was observed using Transwell. The expressions of NF-kappaB and TLR4 protein were detected using immune cell fluorescence method. The content of IL-8 was detected by ELISA.

RESULTSThe growth of cells were not inhibited in each group. Statistical difference existed in each dose QHR group in inhibiting the chemoattractant of macrophages, reducing activation of NF-kappaB, lowing expressions of TLR4 protein, and decreasing the secretion of IL-8, when compared with the model control group (P < 0.05). No statistical difference existed in inhibiting the chemoattractant of macrophages between the high dose QHR group and the vehicle control group (P > 0.05). But its inhibition on NF-kappaB activation was higher in the high dose QHR group than in the SASP group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONQHR could obviously attenuate the inflammatory reaction of HT-29 cells, inhibit the chemoattractant of macrophages, reduce the activation of NF-kappaB, lower expressions of TLR-4, and attenuate the secretion of IL-8, which might be one of its mechanisms for treating UC.

Colitis, Ulcerative ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Coronary Aneurysm ; etiology ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sirolimus ; adverse effects ; Thrombosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo study the resuscitative effect of hypertonic electrolyte glucose solution (HEGS) in enteral resuscitation of burn shock.

METHODSEighteen Beagle dogs with 35% TBSA full-thickness flame injury were used in this study. They were randomized to a control group (no-fluid resuscitation, N group), a HEGS resuscitation group (H group) or an isotonic electrolyte glucose solution (IEGS) resuscitation group (I group). The solution enterally was given for resuscitation from half an hour after burn. The volumes and rates of fluid infusion in the H group were basically in accordance with 2 ml/(kg x 1%TBSA), those in the I group were basically in accordance with parkland formula [4 ml/(kg x 1%TBSA)]. The haemodynamic parameters, global end-diastolic volume index, plasma volume, osmotic pressure of plasma, intestinal absorptive rates of water and Na(+), and intestine mucosa blood flow were continuously assessed.

RESULTSThe cardiac output index, global end-diastolic volume index, plasma volume and intestine blood mucosa flow reduced markedly after burn in the three groups, and then gradually returned from 2 h after burn in two resuscitation groups, which were higher than that in the N group (P < 0.05). The activities of diamine oxidase in plasma in the two resuscitation groups were higher than that in N group (P < 0.05). The intestinal absorption rates of water and Na(+) reduced markedly after burn in two resuscitation groups with the lowest levels, and then returned from 6 h after burn. The rates of water in H group were lower than that in I group (P < 0.05); the rates of Na(+) in H group were higher than in I group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that 35%TBSA III degrees burn-injury dogs be resuscitated effectively with 1.8% hypertonic electrolyte-glucose solution by enteral, which 1/2 volume of an isotonic electrolyte glucose solution.

Animals ; Burns ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Enteral Nutrition ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Resuscitation ; methods ; Saline Solution, Hypertonic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

Objective To construct the protein-protein interaction network of Parkinson's disease (PD) associated proteins. Methods PD-related proteins and their interaction proteins were collected by bioinformatics method from HGNC, OPHID and UniHI database. A protein-protein interaction network of PD associated proteins was designed by ProteoLens software; each protein was evaluated by its contribution to the network and the relevance scores were calculated, thus the coefficient of association of each protein in the network was noted. Results A protein-protein interaction network containing 463 PD associated proteins and 767 their interaction proteins was obtained with its index aggregation reaching 90.5% (P=0.008). The relevance scores of SNCA, PARK2, DRD2, HTRA2,NDUFV2, DJ1, DRD1, DRD3, TRAP1 and ND3 were much higher than that of the others, which indicated their important roles in the pathogenesis of PD. The relevance scores of APP, UBE2I, CLIC6 and UBB were a little higher among all the preteins, indicating that they also participated in the pathogenesis of PD. Some novel proteins, such as FLNA, FREQ, BIRC7, EPB41, EPB41L1, GIPC1,GNAZ, GRB2, KCNJ9, MAPK1, BAG5 and CYC, may also involved in the pathogenesis of PD.Conclusion A scientific and practical protein-protein interaction network of PD associated proteins is successfully constructed, which further confirms the role of some proteins in the pathogenesis of PD.Some novel proteins that might involve in PD are obtained too.

Objective To investigate the protein and mRNA levels of Rac1 in glioma tissues,and explore the correlation of Rac1 with pathological grades. Methods Immunofluorescence,RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of Rac1 in 45 cases of gliomas tissues and 10 cases of normal brain tissues. Results The results indicated that normal brain tissues showed no protein and mRNA expressions of Rac1, and that of Rac1 highly expressed in glioma tissues (42/45 at most). The spearman correlation analysis revealed that the levels of transcription and expression of Rac1 were positively correlated to the tumor grades; positive expression rate of Rac1 in high grade of glioma was statistically higher than that in low grade of glioma. Conclusion The high expressions of Rac1 in the glioma are closely correlated to the tumor cell invasion and metastasis, which can be used as a marker indicating the malignance and proliferation of glioma.