BACKGROUND:Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are certainly related to seasons.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze whether there is a seasonal pattern for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after total hip and knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:We retrospected 866 patients (1 114 joints) underwent total hip and knee arthroplasty. There were 506 cases of total hip arthroplasty, including 287 male cases and 219 female cases, and 608 cases of total knee arthroplasty, including 133 male cases and 475 female cases. The average age was (60.98±0.87) years. After arthroplasty, patients were given color Doppler ultrasound in the deep veins of the lower limbs and pelvis to analyze the correlation between occurrence of deep vein thrombosis and seasons.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was a significant difference in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in summer and winter (χ2=7.190, P=0.007), in summer and spring (χ2=6.995, P=0.008), as wel as in summer and autumn (χ2=5.663, P=0.017). No statistical differences were tested in spring and autumn, in autumn and winter, and in spring and winter (P>0.05). These findings indicate that there is a seasonal variation of deep venous thrombosis after arthroplasty, and the highest incidence of deep vein thrombosis is in winter.

A new thermophilic fungus J18 isolated from the soil samples was identified as Paecilomyces thermophila. This strain produced effectively xylanase utilizing several lignocellulosic materials in the solid-state fermentation (SSF) , and wheat straw was the best carbon source. The results of single-factor-experiment showed that the wheat straw of particle size 0. 3 mm ~ 0.45 mm, initial moisture content of 83% , initial pH of 7. 0 and cultivation temperature of 50℃were the optimal conditions for xylanase production. Under the optimized conditions, it produced 18 580 U/g dry substrate after 8 days of cultivation. Therefore, xylanase production by Paecilomyces thermophila in SSF possess great potential for commercial applications.

Objective To evaluate the conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosis of splenic trauma including its grading diagnosis. Methods US and CEUS in 42 patients with splenic trauma confirmed by CT and/or operation were performed during 9.2004-10.2007. All the data were compared and analyzed retrospectively. Results Of 42 patients with splenic trauma, 28 cases were detected and 14 cases were missed on US examination, whereas, 40 cases were detected and only 2 mild cases were missed on CEUS examination. The detection rate of lesions with CEUS was significantly higher than that of US (P<0.001) . Ten cases in grading the injury were underestimated by US, however, none of them were underestimated by CEUS. CEUS had good concordance with CT and/or operation in grading diagnosis of 42 cases except two mild cases. Conclusions CEUS has very good concordance with CT and/or operation in detecting injury and grading the splenic trauma compared with conventional US. CEUS as a new imaging technology has made great advance of ultrasoongraphy in evaluation of splenic trauma including injury grading,and it is very useful in clinical application.

Atropa belladonna is a medicinal plant and main commercial source of tropane alkaloids (TAs) including scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which are anticholine drugs widely used clinically. Based on the high throughput transcriptome sequencing results, the digital expression patterns of UniGenes representing 9 structural genes (ODC, ADC, AIH, CPA, SPDS, PMT, CYP80F1, H6H, TRII) involved in TAs biosynthesis were constructed, and simultaneously expression analysis of 4 released genes in NCBI (PMT, CYP80F1, H6H, TRII) for verification was performed using qPCR, as well as the TAs contents detection in 8 different tissues. Digital expression patterns results suggested that the 4 genes including ODC, ADC, AIH and CPA involved in the upstream pathway of TAs, and the 2 branch pathway genes including SPDS and TRII were found to be expressed in all the detected tissues with high expression level in secondary root. While the 3 TAs-pathway-specific genes including PMT, CYP80F1, H6H were only expressed in secondary roots and primary roots, mainly in secondary roots. The qPCR detection results of PMT, CYP80F1 and H6H were consistent with the digital expression patterns, but their expression levels in primary root were too low to be detected. The highest content of hyoscyamine was found in tender stems (3.364 mg x g(-1)), followed by tender leaves (1.526 mg x g(-1)), roots (1.598 mg x g(-1)), young fruits (1.271 mg x g(-1)) and fruit sepals (1.413 mg x g(-1)). The highest content of scopolamine was detected in fruit sepals (1.003 mg x g(-1)), then followed by tender stems (0.600 mg x g(-1)) and tender leaves (0.601 mg x g(-1)). Both old stems and old leaves had the lowest content of hyoscyamine and scopolamine. The gene expression profile and TAs accumulation indicated that TAs in Atropa belladonna were mainly biosynthesized in secondary root, and then transported and deposited in tender aerial parts. Screening Atropa belladonna secondary root transcriptome database will facilitate unveiling the unknown enzymatic reactions and the mechanisms of transcriptional control.
Alkaloids ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Atropa belladonna ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; genetics ; Hyoscyamine ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; metabolism ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; metabolism ; Tropanes ; metabolism

Objective　To study the similarities and differences on in vitro replication and expression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) between human fetal hepatocytes (HFH) and 7721 cell line. Methods　Human fetal hepatocytes and a hepatoma cell line 7721 were incubated with a serum from hepatitis C patient. After incubation, the presence of HCV RNA, the expression of HCV NS3 antigens in cells and/or supernatant were examined by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results　It was found that: ①The intracellular HCV RNA was first detected on d 2～3 post-incubation and then could be intermittently detected in cells and/or supernatant subsequently (HCV RNA could be detected in 7721 cells during a period of at least 66 days. In HFH, HCV RNA could be detected up to 25 days after incubation); ②HCV-NS3 antigen could be expressed in infected cells; ③Minus-strand RNA of HCV was mainly located within cytoplasm by in situ hybridization. Conclusion　The results suggest that both the fetal hpatocytes and the hepatoma cell line 7721 are susceptible to HCV, and especially 7721 cell line can stably support HCV replication in vitro and may be used as the target cell for long-term cultures of HCV.

Objective To define the maximum-tolerated dnse(MTD)and observe the side effect of escalating cisplatin with 5-fluorouracil in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma in Chinese,with toxicity studied.Methods Previously untreated fifteen Chinese patients suffering from esophageal carcinoma received conventional fractionafiun radiotherapy,with 5 daily fractions of 2.0 Gy per week.The total radiation dose was 60 Gy.Concurrent chemotherapy dose escalation was given by the relatively safe and kidney-sparing modified Fibonacci sequence.The starting dose was cisplatin 37.5 mg/m~2 D1 and 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m~2 D1-5, respectively.This regimen was repeated 4 times every 28 days.Escalation dose was eisplatin 7.5mg/m~2 and 5- fluorouracil 100mg/m~2.Every cohort contained at least 3 patients.If no dose-limiting toxicity(DLT)was observed, the next dose level was opened for entry.These courses were repeated until DLT appeared.MTD was declared as one dose level below which DLT appeared.Results DLT was defined as grade 3 radiation-induced esophngitis at the level of cisplatin 60 mg/m~2,5-fluorouracil 700 mg/m~2.MTD was defined as eisplafin 52.5 mg,/m~,5- fluorouracil 700 mg/m~2.The major side effect were radiation-induced esophagitis,leucopenia,nausea,vomiting and anorexia.Conclusion Maximun tolerated dose of cisplatin with 5-fluorouracil in concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the Chinese people with esophageal carcinoma were eisplatin 52.5 mg/m~2 D1,5-fluorouracil 700 mg/m~2 D1-5,repeated 4 times every 28 days.

Objective To compare and analyze the effect of prophylactic postoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.Methods 102 such patients were treated with prophylactic radiotherapy after radical resection,to a total dose of 50-60 Gy.The extensive portal included supraclavicular region on both sides,entire mediastinum,the site of anastomosis and left gastric lymph node region in 43 patients.The re- gional portal range was different according to the different location of primary lesion in 59 patients.Results The 1-,3- and 5-year survival rate was 76%,51% and 43% respectively,with a median survival of 30 months.The 1-,3- and 5-year survival rate was 77%,52% and 41% in the extensive portal and 76%, 49% and 45% in the regional portal,respectively(P=0.884).According to multivariate analysis,N stage, number of metastatic lymph nodes and tumor length were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions Regional portal does not lower the survival rate when prophylactic postoperative radiotherapy is used in e- sophageal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the pathological type and clinical features of patients with lymphoma cell leukemia (LML).

METHODSAccording to the 2008 WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, the pathological type and clinical features of 127 LML cases were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThere were 15 kinds of NHL developed LML. The incidence in frequent order of them was B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and T-lymphoblastic lymphoma. The LML of T and B cell subtypes were 45 and 74, respectively. There was a significant difference in overall survival between T-LML and B-LML (P < 0.01). Eighty one patients presented LML at the same time of the NHL diagnosis and 46 during the course (1 - 88 months) of disease. Primary nodal and extranodal NHLs developed LML were 96 and 31 cases, respectively. The clinical manifestations of LBL and SLL patients differed from that of ALL and CLL patients.

CONCLUSIONLML is not a rare manifestation of NHL. Pathological types of NHL developed LML are 15 kinds in our patients. The clinical features of LML patients are somewhat special, especially for primary extranodal LML patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid ; classification ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo understand the survival rate of adult blood-borne human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in a county.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was carried out to determine the survival from HIV infection and related factors among 78 adult HIV cases infected by blood and confirmed by the end of 2002. Kaplan-meier method was used to describe the survival distribution and Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the factors associated with the survival time.

RESULTSThe total mortality after infection was 78.57/1000 p-y and AIDS related mortality was 72.95/1000 p-y. The median survival time was 7.40 years (95% Confidence Interval: 6.79 - 8.02). After adjustment for the clinical stage at presentation (HIV or AIDS), people who got infected at the age of 30 - 40 years or infected by the end of 1995 would proceed to death slower than the other groups.

CONCLUSIONThe survival of HIV cases infected by blood at the county level might have been underestimated and should be adjusted when HIV/AIDS was estimated and projected. Survival was associated with age when infection started so different survival functions should be used on different age groups that infection started.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; transmission ; Adult ; Blood-Borne Pathogens ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; mortality ; transmission ; HIV-1 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Transfusion Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical and histological features of the complications after hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel injection.

METHODSFifty-two patients were included in this study, who had undergone hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel injection in other units from 1998 to 2003 and later came to our department for removal of the injected gel. The tissue samples taken from each cyst were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The sections were investigated and analyzed under light microcopy. The tissue sections of 12 patients who had ever received liquid silicone injection from 1988 to 1994 were used as the control group. The difference in histological features was assessed.

RESULTSThe inflammatory reaction of the hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel was characterized by an increased number of foreign-body giant cells. The mild lymphocyte infiltration was shown in the slides of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel. On the contrary, there were much more clusters or lymphocyte infiltration in the slides of liquid silicone. The differences between the hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel and liquid silicone were significant in terms of thickness of the fibrous capsule.

CONCLUSIONSThe security of hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel injection for soft tissue augmentation is in doubt.

Acrylic Resins ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Breast ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Nose ; pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; pathology ; Silicone Gels ; adverse effects ; Surgery, Plastic ; adverse effects ; Time Factors