ObjectiveTo investigate whether the eight- year program students retain the skills from the endoscopy simulator gastroscopy training.Methods4 trainees accepted virtual reality simulator gastroscopy training and performed a standardized VR gastroscopy scenario at the end of training,and after a median 12 months without practice ( retention ).The intensified training was done by trainees based on the differences between the training end and the retention for a median 12 months and the number of intensified training times was found.ResultsThe significant differences existed in the overinsufflation and opeirational force and time.The score at the training end was better than after retention.Through the average 5.5 times intensified trainings the original levels could be reached.ConclusionThrough Endoscopy Simulator the key skills could be retained well and through a litde training the original levels could also be reached.

Fibronectin containing extra domain A (EDA+ FN),a functional glycoprotein participating in several cellular processes,correlates with chronic liver disease.Herein,we aim to investigate the expression and secretion of EDA+ FN from hepatocytes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the underlying mechanisms.Circulating levels of EDA+ FN were determined by ELISA in clinical samples.Western blotting and flow cytometry were performed on L02 and HepG2 cell lines to analyze whether the levels of EDA+ FN were associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related cell death.Circulating levels of EDA+ FN in NAFLD patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects,and positively related with severity of ultrasonographic steatosis score.In cultured hepatocytes,palmitate up-regulated the expression of EDA+ FN in a dose-dependent manner.Conversely,when the cells were pretreated with 4-phenylbutyrate,a specific inhibitor of ER stress,up-regulation of EDA+ FN could be abrogated.Moreover,silencing CHOP by shRNA enhanced the release of EDA+ FN from hepatocytes following palmitate treatment,which was involved in ER stress-related cell damage.These findings suggest that the up-regulated level of EDA+ FN is associated with liver damage in NAFLD,and ER stress-mediated cell damage contributes to the release of EDA+ FN from hepatocytes.

To elucidate further sequence selectivity and nature of the binding of anticancer drugs to DNA, the interaction between anticancer drugs, which are minor groove ligands (distamycin A, DM and netropsin, NP) and intercalator (mitoxantrone, MT), and DNA were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The 2 : 1 specific complex of DM and AT-rich DNA were observed principally, while only 1 : 1 specific complex of NP and AT-rich DNA were observed. MT specifically binds to GC-rich DNA. In addition, DM binds to DNA containing 5 A/T bases minor groove almost in a 2 : 1 mode and does not bind to DNA containing 3 A/T bases minor groove. NP binds most strongly to DNA containing 4 A/T bases minor groove. The 1 : 1 specific complex of MT and 6-mer DNA was also observed. The result of competitive binding experiment shows that DM binds more strongly to AT-rich DNA than NP does. These results provide bases for investigating the mechanism of interaction between the drugs and DNA and for improving the structure of target drug.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; DNA ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the association of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG contents and the severity of craniocerebral injury.

METHODSTotalling 143 patients with craniocerebral injury were divided into 3 groups according Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, namely the mild injury group with GCS score of 12-15 (n=41), moderate injury group with GCS score of 9-11 (n=71) and severe injury group (GCS score 3-8, n=32). Another 9 patients with congenital hydrocephalus were also recruited as the control group. The CSF and blood samples were collected from these patients to measure the IgG contents 4 and 14 days and 1, 2, and 6 months after the injury, respectively. Physical disabilities of the patients were estimated with Rappaport's disability rating scale (DRS), whose correlations with CSF and blood IgG contents were analyzed.

RESULTSIn the early stage of moderate to severe brain injury, the IgG content was lowered significantly in the blood but increased in CSF as compared with the control patients (P<0.05), and the changes in CSF and blood IgG displayed a significant correlation with the severity of the injury (r=0.950, P<0.01). During the recovery of severe brain injury, DRS score was in inverse correlation with blood IgG content but in positive correlation with CSF IgG content (Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.800, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn the early stage of brain injury, detection of blood IgG content may help with the assessment of the injury severity. During the recovery of the injury, dynamic monitoring of blood and CSF IgG contents provides clues of the outcome of the patients and benefit the modification of the treatment plan.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Injuries ; immunology ; pathology ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether apollon immunoexpression in breast cancer tissues helps to predict pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

METHODSThe expressions of Apollon, Her-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were detected immunohistochemically in biopsy tissues from 124 breast cancer patients. The clinical responses to NAC were evaluated in line with the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). The pCR rate was analyzed for different types of breast cancer. The correlations between Apollon status with Her-2, ER, PR, lymph node status and tumor size were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to compared the changes in Apollon expression in the breast cancer tissues before and after NAC.

RESULTSThe pCR rate was 18.5% (23/124) in these patients. Negative expressions of apollon, ER and PR were all associated with a higher pCR rate after NAC. Apollon was significantly correlated with Her-2, ER, PR and lymph node involvement. Chemotherapy significantly down-regulated apollon expression in the tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONA negative apollon expression might be a predictor of pCR in patients with breast cancer.

Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; metabolism ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Fluoxetine ; Mice ; Stress, Psychological ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Objective To compare the clinical effect of minimally invasive surgery transforaminal lumbar interbody fu-sion(MIS-TLIF)and posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF)in the treatment of recurrent lumbar intervertebral disc hernia-tion(LIDH). Methods Twenty-nine patients with recurrent LIDP were selected from May 2014 to May 2016 in Weifang Peo-ple's Hospital and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Thirteen patients were given MIS-TLIF(MIS-TLIF group) and sixteen patients were given PLIF(PLIF)group. The operative incision length,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative drainage volume,hospitalization time and complications were compared between the two groups. The lumbar function was evalu-ated with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score standard,and the clinical effect was compared between the two groups according to the modified Macnab standard one year after treatment. Results The operativeincision length,intraopera-tive bleeding volume,postoperative drainage volumeand hospitalization time in MIS-TLIF group were significantly less than tho-sein PLIF group (P < 0. 05). The preoperative JOA score of lumbar function in PLIF group and MIS-TLIF group was 7. 9 ± 1. 9 and 8. 0 ± 1. 6 respectively,it was 24. 0 ± 2. 7 and 24. 2 ± 2. 5 respectively at one year after treatment,there was no significant-difference in the JOA score between the two groups before and one year after operation (P > 0. 05). The JOA score atone year after operation was significantly higher than that before operation in the two groups (P < 0. 05). According to the modified Macnab standard one year after treatment,the fineness rate of the patients in PLIF group was 87. 50％(14 / 16),the fineness rate of the patients in the MIS-TLIF group was 84. 62％(11 / 13). There was no significant difference in the fineness rate be-tweenthe two groups (χ2 = 1. 380,P > 0. 05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the MIS-TLIF group and PLIF group was 7. 7％(1/ 13)and 6. 3％ (1/ 16)respectively,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (χ2 = 0. 020,P > 0. 05). There were 8 cases (61. 5％)with gradeⅠfusion and 5 cases (38. 5％)with gradeⅡfusion in MIS-TLIF group,there were 9(56. 3％)with gradeⅠfusion and 7(43. 8％)with gradeⅡfu-sion,there was no significant difference in the constituent ratio with gradeⅠandⅡfusion between the two groups (χ2 = 0. 080, P >0. 05). Conclusion MIS-TLIF in treatment of recurrent LIDH has the advantages of less incision,less intraoperative bleed-ing,less postoperative drainage and shorter hospitalization time;and the clinical effect of MIS-TLIF is similar to that of PLIF.

Objective To investigate the establishment of synapses between the cortical neurons and the neuron-like cells difierentiated from the marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)in a simulated transplantation system in vitro.Methods The BMSCs from green fluorescent protein(GFP)transgenic mice(GFP-GM-BMSCs) were isolated, cultured and purified in vitro.The third passage of GFP-GM-BMSCs were co-cultured with primary cultured cortical neurons and gliai cells in a simulated transplantation system in serum-free medium conmining 2%B27 supplemented with 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)and 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor(EGF).On day 10 of the co-culture,FM1-43,a fluorescent dye specific to active synaptic vesicles,was used to observe synapses formation between the cells under fluorescence microscope. Results The GFP.GM-BMSCsco-cultured with the neural cells in the Serum-free medium containing bFGF and EGF differentiated into neuron-like cells 7 days after the co-culture.On day 10 ofthe co-culture,FM1-43 dye-positive synaptic vesicles were foundin the cell culture,locating mostly in the cell body,processes and terminal sffuctures ofthe neuron-like cells. Conclusions The neuron-like cells derived from GFP-GM-BMSCs can form synapses with the coRical neurons in the simulated cell transplantation system in vitro.

Objective To observe Th-1 drift induced in vitro by high immunogenic glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) U251 cell vaccine with high expression of membrane-enriched heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ (MHC-Ⅰ) molecules. Methods The high expression of MHC-Ⅰ and Hsp70 in U251 cells were induced by 500 U/ml IFN-γ for 48 h, heat shock at 43 ℃ for 2 h, or their combination. The cells were then inactivated by the mitomycin C (MMC) to prepare the cell vaccine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donators were incubated with GBM U251 cell vaccines as the effector cells. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the changes of CD4<'+> and CD8<'+>T lymphocytes in the PBMCs. The secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 of the effector cells, after assaulting the target cells, was evaluated by ELISA. Results The percentages of CD4<'+> and CD8<'+> T lymphocytes of the PBMCs incubated with the U251 cell vaccine increased significantly as compared to that stimulated by the membrane-enriched MHC class Ⅰ or Hsp 70 molecule U251 cell vaccines (P<0.05), and so was the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2 (P<0.05). Conclusions Th-1 drift stimulated by GBM U251 cell vaccine with high immunogenicity, high expression of Hsp 70 and membrane-enriched MHC class Ⅰ molecules plays an important role in antitumor mechanism in vitro.

Objective To map the vision cortex of rats by dynamic manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging and provide a method for researching the nervous function. Methods Six adult male Wistar rats were chosen and the process was divided into 4 continuous phases. No agent was injected into the rats in the first phase (5 min). Disrupting the BBB with marmitol and injecting manganese chloride were performed in the fight internal carotid artery (ICA) in the second phase (10 min). In the third phase (15 min), manganese chloride was administrated into theright ICA and vision stimulation was performed before the imaging process. The mixed liquor of manganese chloride and glutamate was injected into the rats in the forth phase (5 min). MRI was performed instantly after the handles in each phase. SPM and Matlab software were employed to help analyze the imaging data. Region-of-interest (ROI) was recorded to observe the stimulated regions and compare the signal intensity in the visual cortex. Results No specific enhanced region was found in the rat brain in the first and second phases. The right visual cortex was enhanced specifically on T1WI in the third phase. Many brain regions of the right hemisphere, the sites that agents was injected, were obviously enhanced in the forth 2008A1-E4011)phase. ROI analysis showed that the signal intensity in the third phrase (1.897±0.172) was significantly stronger as compared with that in the second phrase(1.549±0.163)(P<0.05). Conclusion The dynamic manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging can analyze the functional activities of the vision cortex in rats and provide a new method for researching the function of the nervous system.