OBJECTIVETo perform a transcriptomics study in differential genes after Xianglian External Lotion (XEL) induced the recovery of drug-resistant Candida albicans strains sensitive to Fluconazole.

METHODSBroth microdilution antifungal susceptibility test was used to detect minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of drug-resistant Candida albicans strains induced by XEL. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to determine and compare the transcription of primary drug-resistant Candida aIbicans strains and sensitive strains induced by XEL. High expressed genes and signaling pathways strains were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) method.

RESULTSXEL could induce drug-resistant strains of the 6th generations to recover sensitivity. Transcriptome sequencing showed that, as compared with primary drug-resistant strains, there were 165 genes with up-regulated RPKM index and 144 genes with down-regulated RPKM index after XEL induction. GO analyses found that all genes were mainly classified as GO:0015903 (fluconazole transport).

CONCLUSIONSXEL could induce the recovery of drug-resistant Candida albicans strains sensitive to Fluconazole. By analyzing transcriptomes, authors speculated that XEL could recover strain sensitivity to fluconazole by opening fluconazole transport pathway.

Antifungal Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Candida ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; genetics ; Candidiasis ; drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Fungal ; drug effects ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fluconazole ; pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Nimodipine on the hemorrheology and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) in the patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) and to explore the mechanism.Methods50 cases with VBI were divided into Nimodipine group (25 cases) and routine therapy group (25 cases). The hemorrheology and BAEP were measured before the treatment and 1 month later.ResultsThe blood viscosity,including the whole blood viscosity shear value, plasma viscosity and blood fat of patients with VBI was increased. The total abnormity rate of BAEP was 76%. The main abnormity was brainstem type. The hemorrheology and the function of nerve conduction were improved distinctly (P<0.05) after treatment. Compared with the routine therapy group, the level of plasma viscosity was decreased markedly (P<0.05) in Nimodipine group, and peak latency of V wave, interpeak latency of III-V and I-V were also improved significantly (P<0.05).Conclusions Nimodipine can improve the hemorrheology and the function of nerve conduction in patients with VBI.

OBJECTIVETo explore mechanisms of acupuncture in treatment of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

METHODSForty cases of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) were divided into an acupuncture group and a routine treatment group, 20 cases in each group. The acupuncture group were treated by routine treatment plus acupuncture. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment were determined to investigate the effects of acupuncture on blood flow velocity and brain electrophysiology in the patient of VBI.

RESULTSBefore treatment, the blood velocity of vertebral artery and vertebrobasilar artery at bilateral sides in the patient of VBI decreased as compared with the control group, and the abnormal rate of TCD was 75.0% (30/40) and the abnormal rate of BAEP was 70.0% (28/40), characterized with brainstem abnormality type; after treatment, the blood velocity in the two groups was improved and the abnormal rate of TCD was 47.5% (19/40), and the abnormal rate of BEAP was 45.0% (18/40). The nerve conduction of the two groups was improved, the peak latency of V wave and interpeak latency of III-V and I -V in the acupuncture group were improved significantly as compared with the routine treatment group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture can improve the blood velocity of vertebrobasilar artery and the nerve conduction function of brainstem in the patient of vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Humans ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial ; Vertebral Artery ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; therapy

Objective To investigate the impact of prior cerebral infarction (PCI) on in-hospital mortality in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).MethodsA retrospective analysis of documents of a total of 3572 consecutive patients with AMI admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2002 Jan.1 to 2009 Dec.31 were performed.Results There were 564 patients ( 15.8% )with PCI.Compared with the group of without PC1,the group with PCI were substantially older[(69.4 ±9.9) vs (64.2 ± 12.9)years,P =0.000],and had a higher prevalence of hypertensive disease,diabetes mellitus,prior myocardial infarction (MI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)( respectively,71.0% vs 57.3%; 41.0% vs 25.7%,12.9% vs 9.5%; 14.9% vs 10.7%,P ＜ 0.01 ),and a higher in-hospital mortality ( 16.5% vs 10.0%,P= 0.000).Univariate analysis demonstrated that in-hospital mortality associated with age,gender,extensive anterior MI,anterior MI,diabetes mellitus,prior cerebral infarction,prior myocardial infarction,coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention.Logistic regression analysis found that risk factors were age,extensive anterior MI,anterior MI,diabetes mellitus and prior cerebral infarction,and protective factors were coronary angiography and percutanous coronary intervention.PCI was independently associated with in-hospital mortality,OR 1.368,95% CI 1.047-1.787,P = 0.022.Conclusion In patients with acute myocardial infarction,the presence of PCI increases the risk of worse in-hospital outcome.

ATM: To define the causes of corneal endothelial cell damage, to investigate the preventive methods, and to observe the variety of corneal endothelial cell in glaucoma using confocal microscope.
METHODS: Totally, 143 eyes of 97 patients with different types of glaucoma, and matched normal people were 20 cases, all 40 eyes. The cell density, cell area and cell variable coefficient were measured used confocal microscope. These indicatives of every kind of glaucoma were compared.
RESULTS: The corneal endothelial cell density of normal group was 2 893. 88±255. 026/mm2 , the group of acute angle-closure glaucoma ( AACG ) was 1 674. 11±683.95/mm2 , and the group of open angle glaucoma (OAG) was 2687. 22±391. 87/mm2, the group of chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) was 2706. 97±351. 27/mm2. In all index the average cell density of corneal endothelial and the average area have statistical significance ( F =62.950, 8. 795;P=0. 000), especially the group of AACG.CONCLUSION: The index of corneal endothelial cell in AACG is lower than that of normal. All index in OAG and CACG is difference with that of normal, but the difference has no statistical significance. And the dominant factor of damaged corneal endothelial is the time of intraocular hypertension.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Shh and its receptors Ptc1 and Ptc2 mRNA in the cap stage of mouse molar and discuss its role in early tooth morphogenesis.

METHODSThe embryonic mouse heads of early tooth development (E10.5 - E15.5) were obtained and 5 micro m serial sections were made. Immunohistochemical staining of PCNA was carried out by SP method. The expression pattern of Shh, Ptc1, and Ptc2 mRNA was analysed by in situ hybridization.

RESULTSE14.5, outer dental epithelium, inner dental epithelium, stellate reticulum and underlying dental mesenchyme were PCNA positive. Most of the enamel knot cells were PCNA negative. A few of the enamel knot cells were PCNA positive. Shh, Ptc1, and Ptc2 mRNA were strongly expressed in outer dental epithelium, inner dental epithelium, stellate reticulum and the enamel knot.

CONCLUSIONIn the cap stage, Shh as a paracrine and autocrine signaling molecule might stimulate epithelium and mesenchyme proliferation.

Animals ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Mice ; Molar ; metabolism ; Patched Receptors ; Patched-1 Receptor ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tooth Germ ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; biosynthesis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Laser Coagulation ; Male ; Porokeratosis ; pathology ; surgery

AIMTo study the effects of sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate (SMFD) on free calcium concentration and nitric oxide synthase activity of ischemic synaptosome, so as to explore the protective mechanisms of SMFD on cerebral ischemia.

METHODSThe synaptosomes from normal rat brain were prepared by phase partition and cultured with oxygen-glucose deprivation to establish ischemic synaptosome model. The intrasynaptosomal free calcium concentration and nitric oxide synthase activity were detected separately after the synaptosomes were co-incubated with SMFD (1.3 mmol.L-1) or fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP, 4.0 mmol.L-1) for 60 min.

RESULTSSMFD decreased the free calcium concentration and reduced the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of ischemic synaptosomes. Its effects were more powerful than those of FDP.

CONCLUSIONSMFD may protect neurons from ischemic injury by preventing intracellular Ca2+ overload and inhibiting the activity of nitric oxide synthase.

Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Chelating Agents ; pharmacology ; Fructosediphosphates ; pharmacology ; Magnesium ; chemistry ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium ; chemistry ; Synaptosomes ; metabolism

In order to explore the influence of purified donor regulatory T cells (T(Reg) cells) infused after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) on GVHD and hematopoietic reconstitution of mice, an allo-BMT model of C(57)BL/6-->BALB/c mice was established. CD4(+)CD25(+)T(Reg) cells were purified through bead-magnetic activated cells separated from donor mice peripheral blood. The recipient mice were randomly divided into three groups: CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells and RPMI 1640 culture medium. These cells and RPMI 1640 were infused into recipient mice by caudal veins at about 6 to 8 hours after allo-BMT respectively. Incidence of GVHD, pathological lesion of liver, spleen, small intestine, survival time and hematopoietic reconstitution in the recipients were observed after allo-BMT. The results showed that the time for WBC > 1.0 x 10(9)/L was (8.14 +/- 3.26) days, (17.62 +/- 5.71) days, (19.81 +/- 6.77) days and the time for Plt > 20.0 x 10(9)/L was (5.29 +/- 1.34) days, (8.97 +/- 3.44) days, (9.52 +/- 3.92) days in T(Reg) positive cell group, T(Reg) negative cell group and the blank control group respectively, and the recovery times of WBC and Plt in T(Reg) positive cell group were faster than that in T(Reg) negative cell group and the blank control group (P < 0.05). The scores of GVHD were (1.33 +/- 0.58), (1.80 +/- 0.27), (1.93 +/- 0.45) in three groups of mice at about 15 days after allo-BMT, respectively, the GVHD in T(Reg) positive cell group was slighter than that in T(Reg) negative cell group and the blank control group (P < 0.05). It was found that GVHD pathologic manifestations of the liver, spleen and small intestine in T(Reg) positive cell group were slighter in a certain extent than those in other two groups at about (25 - 30) days after allo-BMT. The mean survival time in three groups was (41.45 +/- 17.88) days, (18.75 +/- 14.39) days and (25.67 +/- 16.84) days after allo-BMT, respectively, which in the T(Reg) positive cell group was significantly longer than that in other two groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that donor-T(Reg) cell infusion can mitigate the GVHD so as to reach hematopoietic reconstitution and prolong survival time after allo-BMT in mice.
Animals ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Random Allocation ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; transplantation

OBJECTIVETo set up a new grading system of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and determine the value of predicting the probability of post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in IVH.

METHODSWe first modified the Graeb criteria, then compared the value of prediction for PHH assessed by the Graeb criteria with the modified Graeb criteria. One hundred and thirty one IVH patients were divided into two groups: the upper group (n = 67) and the lower group (n = 64). Gold standard of PHH was assessed by CT scan or by out-drainage. The diagnostic parameters such as sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) were analyzed. In the cutoff point of SE and SP curves, diagnostic efficiency (DE), and Kappa value (K) were analyzed. The probability of PHH was estimated by binary logistic regressions.

RESULTSIn all ventricular group, to Graeb criteria in the cutoff point, SE, SP, and K was 0.78, 0.84, and 0.60; and to modified Graeb criteria SE, SP, and K was 0.90, 0.84, and 0.74 respectively. The probability of PHH from point of 3-12 was 0.011, 0.032, 0.085, 0.212, 0.435, 0.689, 0.865, 0.949, 0.981, and 0.994 respectively according to modified Graeb criteria.

Aged ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed