The standard treatment mode of locally advanced prostate cancer is still controversial.With the progress of medical technology,treatments of prostate cancer achieve different progresses in surgical treatment,radiotherapy and endocrine therapy.The three treatment modes have diverse tumor growth control rate and survival period,which have different complications and different influences on the quality of life.

The recombinaut porcine insulin precursor(PIP)produced by Pichia pastoris in shake-flask and 501.fermenter was investigated respectively.The results indicated that 60h induction time length and 2.0%～2.5% methanol addition every day was optimum in shake- flask.The process in 50L fermenter was consisted of batch,feed-batch and induction phases.The relationship between dry cell weight(y) and culture time (t) in growth phase(batch and feed-batch phase)could be described by model y=0.6525e~(0.1907t).Glycerol and ammonia were almost used for cell growth and maintain,and no by-product was observed in batch and fed-batch phase Only 80% ammonia and 70% methanol were used by cell in induction phase.By comparison the results of shake-flask and 50L fermenter,it was concluded that the limit- ing factor in the fermentation of shake-flask and 50L fermenter was dissolved oxygen(DO)and.carbon source,respectively.When scaling the result of shake-flask to 501.fermenter,the control strategy was adapted for 50L fermenter by increasing the feed rate of methanol and the maximum PIP concentration reached 1.72 g/L.

AIMTo investigate the effects of exogenous NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) on automaticity of the rabbit sino-atrial node in vitro and the action mechanism.

METHODSThe intracellular microelectrode technique is used to record the action potentials of rabbit sino-atrial node and APA (amplitude of AP), V(max) (maximal rate of depolarization), VDD (velocity of diastolic depolarization), RPF (rate of pacemaker firing) are analyzed.

RESULTSSNP(10(-5) - 10(-2) mol/L) increased its RPF and VDD dose-dependently. 10(-3) mol/L SNP increased RPF (beats/min) from 163 +/- 10.8 to 195.0 +/- 13.1 increased VDD (mV/s) from 50.3 +/- 9.6 to 70.2 +/- 12.1 (P < 0.01). SIN-1(10(-3) - 10(-2) mol/L) also increased RPF and VDD (P < 0.01).10(-4) mo/L Methylene blue (MB), a blocker of GMP cyclase, prevented the positive chronotropic effect and increasement of VDD induced by 10(-3) mol/L SNP totally (P < 0.01). 2. CsCl (2 mmol/L), a blocker of I(f) prevented the increasement of RPF and VDD in part (P < 0.05). 3. NIF (0.46 micromol/L), a blocker of I(Ca-L, had no significant effects on chronotropic effect and increasement of VDD (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExogenous NO can increase the automaticity of rabbit sino-atrial node in vitro. The chronotropic effect is involved in NO-cGMP pathway and results from increasement of I(f) in the sino-atrial node at least in part; I(ca-L) is unlikely to play a major role in this effect.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Heart Rate ; Molsidomine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Sinoatrial Node ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic and therapeutic measures for the first human case of H5N1 avian influenza pneumonia in mainland of China.

METHODSThe clinical data of the first case of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in China were analyzed and summarized.

RESULTSThe case is a 9-year old boy, who developed acute symptoms of a light common respiratory infection, including fever and dry cough without obvious catarrh. On the 7th day after onset, his temperature reached 40 degrees C, tachypnea occurred, distinct rales could be heard and large areas of consolidation were seen in the lungs on chest X-ray. The patient's peripheral blood leukocyte count was 2.81 x 10(9)/L and neutrophils dominated. After comprehensive therapeutic approaches, including antiviral therapy (amantadine) and use of low-dosage glucocorticoid, the patient's temperature returned to normal on the 3rd hospitalization day, chest X-ray showed absorbed inflammatory change on the 5th day after admission, and leukocyte count became normal on the 6th day. No complication occurred during the whole course. The case was diagnosed by the 4 fold raised antibody to the H5N1 influenza virus in recovery stage serum because the H5N1 nucleic acid test in early stage was negative. The case was cured and discharged after 3 weeks comprehensive treatment.

CONCLUSIONSIt is very important for clinicians to pay enough attention to epidemiological history, especially history of exposure to avian influenza virus contaminated material, which will be very helpful for early detection, early diagnosis of the disease, and also very important for effective treatment and better prognosis.

Amantadine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; immunology ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Birds ; Child ; China ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; transmission ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; diagnosis ; Male ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; virology ; Treatment Outcome

AIMTo investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on reperfusion injury of rat lung.

METHODSRat isolated lungs (n=8 in each group) were stabilized and perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution on a modified langendorff perfusion apparatus. 36 wistar rats were divided into three groups: ischemic preconditioning group, ischemia/reperfusion group and control group. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, wet/dry ratio, pulmonary surfactant phospholipid and alveolar surface tension in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and electron microscope were detected.

RESULTSThe morphological changes of lung injury were alleviated in the preconditioning group under electron microscope. Wet/dry ratio, mean pulmonary artery pressure and SA/LA ratio were significantly lower in the preconditioning group after ischemic/reperfusion (P < 0.01). Total phospholipid and large aggregate in the BALF were significantly increased in the preconditioning group (P < 0.01). Small aggregate showed no change in three groups. Surfactant activity test showed that surface tension markedly decreased in IPC group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThese results indicates that ischemic preconditioning may have a protective effect in ischemic/reperfusion injuries lung by ameliorating the content and function of surfactant phospholipid.

Animals ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Lung ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo study whether effect of aspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol is more effective and safer than high diethylstilbestrol dose alone on prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia and dyslipidemia.

METHODSThirty-eight 4-month-old female SD rats were divided into baseline (BAS) group (n=6), sham operation group (n=8) and ovariectomy (OVX) group (n=24). The OVX group was further divided into vehicle treatment group (n=8), diethylstilbestrol (30 μg/kg•d) treatment group (OVX+D30 group, n=8), and aspirin (9 mg/kg•d) plus diethylstilbestrol (10 μg/kg•d) treatment group (OVX+A-D10 group, n=8). Their left tibiae were collected for the bone histomorphometric analysis in undecalcified sections. Left femurs were collected for the bone mineral density measurement.

RESULTSThe body weight and serum cholesterol were increased, while uterine weight and cancellous bone mass were decreased in OVX rats compared with the SHAM group. Cancellous bone mass was significantly increased, while body weight and bone resorption parameters were decreased in both A-D10 and D30 treatment group compared with OVX group. The rats treated with A-D10 showed significantly increased in bone formation parameters and decreased in serum triglyceride compared with the D30-treated rats.

CONCLUSIONAspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol can effectively prevent osteopenia by reducing bone resorption, and is thus a better treatment modality for preventing dyslipidemia than high-dose diethylstilbestrol alone.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Aspirin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; blood ; prevention & control ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Diethylstilbestrol ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Dyslipidemias ; blood ; prevention & control ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Uterus ; drug effects

The effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on membrane potential of neurons from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was examined in the rat by means of intracellular recording technique. The results showed that (1) AVP induced hyperpolarization in the membrane of most DRG neurons. (2) The membrane conductance of the DRG neurons increased by 19.32% following application of AVP (p<0.05). (3) Perfusion with balance sodium solution (BSS) containing Cd(2+) (blocker of Ca(2+) channel) instead of Na+ failed to affect the AVP-induced membrane hyperpolarization of the DRG neurons (p> 0.05). After perfusion with BSS containing tetraethylammonium (TEA), however, the extent of AVP-induced hyperpolarization was reduced (p<0.05). (4) The AVP-induced hyperpolarization of the neurons was blocked by the antagonist of AVP V(1) receptors. The results demonstrate that AVP induces hyperpolarization of most DRG neurons, which might be caused by K(+) outflow mediated by AVP V(1) receptors in the membrane of the neurons.
Animals ; Arginine Vasopressin ; pharmacology ; Ganglia, Spinal ; drug effects ; physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Neurons ; drug effects ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Potassium Channels ; drug effects ; Rats ; Tetraethylammonium ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo assess the anti-tumor immune response to percutaneous cryoablation in patients with local prostate cancer.

METHODSWe treated 10 patients with local prostate cancer by percutaneous cryoablation, collected the blood samples before and 2 weeks after the treatment and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Protein lysates were made by biopsy from autologous prostate cancer or non-cancer tissues. The levels of serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL4 and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Th1/Th2 ratio was calculated by the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio. The number of IFN-gamma + T cells under the stimulation of different protein lysates was counted by enzyme link immunol spot (ELISPOT). And the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was detected by LDH assay.

RESULTSCompared with pre-treatment, the levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, the Th1/ Th2 ratio and the number of IFN-gamma + T cells induced by tumor protein lysates in PBMCs were increased significantly after cryosurgery (P < 0.01), while the levels of IL4 and IL-10 decreased slightly, and the non-tumor protein lysates induced no obvious changes in the number of IFN-gamma T cells. The cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against human prostate cancer cells LNCaP was markedly increased, but not that against renal cancer cells GRC-1. One case of recurrence was found during the 3-6 months follow-up.

CONCLUSIONPercutaneous cryoablation for prostate cancer could induce a tumor-specific immune response.

Aged ; Cryosurgery ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Kangai-1 Protein ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

On the base of element and metablism balancing, the mathematical model of the cultivation process with Streptomyces aureofaciens was developed, and the unknown parameters in the model were estimated with the method of nonlinear optimization. Firstly the energetic coefficient of CTC biosynthesis was gained, which was 1.8 - 2.8 mol-ATP x C-mol(-1). The macroscopic reaction rates were predicted in the process and compared with the experimental values. The results show that the model can preferably describe the relationships between several macroscopic reaction rates in the process and can supervise the optimization of CTC fermentation process theoretically.
Chlortetracycline ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Streptomyces aureofaciens ; growth & development ; metabolism