The standard treatment mode of locally advanced prostate cancer is still controversial.With the progress of medical technology,treatments of prostate cancer achieve different progresses in surgical treatment,radiotherapy and endocrine therapy.The three treatment modes have diverse tumor growth control rate and survival period,which have different complications and different influences on the quality of life.

The recombinaut porcine insulin precursor(PIP)produced by Pichia pastoris in shake-flask and 501.fermenter was investigated respectively.The results indicated that 60h induction time length and 2.0%～2.5% methanol addition every day was optimum in shake- flask.The process in 50L fermenter was consisted of batch,feed-batch and induction phases.The relationship between dry cell weight(y) and culture time (t) in growth phase(batch and feed-batch phase)could be described by model y=0.6525e~(0.1907t).Glycerol and ammonia were almost used for cell growth and maintain,and no by-product was observed in batch and fed-batch phase Only 80% ammonia and 70% methanol were used by cell in induction phase.By comparison the results of shake-flask and 50L fermenter,it was concluded that the limit- ing factor in the fermentation of shake-flask and 50L fermenter was dissolved oxygen(DO)and.carbon source,respectively.When scaling the result of shake-flask to 501.fermenter,the control strategy was adapted for 50L fermenter by increasing the feed rate of methanol and the maximum PIP concentration reached 1.72 g/L.

AIMTo investigate the effects of exogenous NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) on automaticity of the rabbit sino-atrial node in vitro and the action mechanism.

METHODSThe intracellular microelectrode technique is used to record the action potentials of rabbit sino-atrial node and APA (amplitude of AP), V(max) (maximal rate of depolarization), VDD (velocity of diastolic depolarization), RPF (rate of pacemaker firing) are analyzed.

RESULTSSNP(10(-5) - 10(-2) mol/L) increased its RPF and VDD dose-dependently. 10(-3) mol/L SNP increased RPF (beats/min) from 163 +/- 10.8 to 195.0 +/- 13.1 increased VDD (mV/s) from 50.3 +/- 9.6 to 70.2 +/- 12.1 (P < 0.01). SIN-1(10(-3) - 10(-2) mol/L) also increased RPF and VDD (P < 0.01).10(-4) mo/L Methylene blue (MB), a blocker of GMP cyclase, prevented the positive chronotropic effect and increasement of VDD induced by 10(-3) mol/L SNP totally (P < 0.01). 2. CsCl (2 mmol/L), a blocker of I(f) prevented the increasement of RPF and VDD in part (P < 0.05). 3. NIF (0.46 micromol/L), a blocker of I(Ca-L, had no significant effects on chronotropic effect and increasement of VDD (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExogenous NO can increase the automaticity of rabbit sino-atrial node in vitro. The chronotropic effect is involved in NO-cGMP pathway and results from increasement of I(f) in the sino-atrial node at least in part; I(ca-L) is unlikely to play a major role in this effect.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Heart Rate ; Molsidomine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Sinoatrial Node ; drug effects ; physiology

AIMTo investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on reperfusion injury of rat lung.

METHODSRat isolated lungs (n=8 in each group) were stabilized and perfused by Krebs-Henseleit solution on a modified langendorff perfusion apparatus. 36 wistar rats were divided into three groups: ischemic preconditioning group, ischemia/reperfusion group and control group. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, wet/dry ratio, pulmonary surfactant phospholipid and alveolar surface tension in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and electron microscope were detected.

RESULTSThe morphological changes of lung injury were alleviated in the preconditioning group under electron microscope. Wet/dry ratio, mean pulmonary artery pressure and SA/LA ratio were significantly lower in the preconditioning group after ischemic/reperfusion (P < 0.01). Total phospholipid and large aggregate in the BALF were significantly increased in the preconditioning group (P < 0.01). Small aggregate showed no change in three groups. Surfactant activity test showed that surface tension markedly decreased in IPC group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThese results indicates that ischemic preconditioning may have a protective effect in ischemic/reperfusion injuries lung by ameliorating the content and function of surfactant phospholipid.

Animals ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Lung ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; secretion ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and diagnostic and therapeutic measures for the first human case of H5N1 avian influenza pneumonia in mainland of China.

METHODSThe clinical data of the first case of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in China were analyzed and summarized.

RESULTSThe case is a 9-year old boy, who developed acute symptoms of a light common respiratory infection, including fever and dry cough without obvious catarrh. On the 7th day after onset, his temperature reached 40 degrees C, tachypnea occurred, distinct rales could be heard and large areas of consolidation were seen in the lungs on chest X-ray. The patient's peripheral blood leukocyte count was 2.81 x 10(9)/L and neutrophils dominated. After comprehensive therapeutic approaches, including antiviral therapy (amantadine) and use of low-dosage glucocorticoid, the patient's temperature returned to normal on the 3rd hospitalization day, chest X-ray showed absorbed inflammatory change on the 5th day after admission, and leukocyte count became normal on the 6th day. No complication occurred during the whole course. The case was diagnosed by the 4 fold raised antibody to the H5N1 influenza virus in recovery stage serum because the H5N1 nucleic acid test in early stage was negative. The case was cured and discharged after 3 weeks comprehensive treatment.

CONCLUSIONSIt is very important for clinicians to pay enough attention to epidemiological history, especially history of exposure to avian influenza virus contaminated material, which will be very helpful for early detection, early diagnosis of the disease, and also very important for effective treatment and better prognosis.

Amantadine ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; immunology ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Birds ; Child ; China ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Influenza in Birds ; transmission ; Influenza, Human ; complications ; diagnosis ; Male ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; virology ; Treatment Outcome

AIMTo investigate the relation between Glu-R and the protective effect of hypothermia on oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in hippocampal slices of rat.

METHODS(1) We had established OGD injury model in rat hippocampal slices. The changes of orthodromic population spike(OPS) during OGD and after administration of hypothermia (32 degrees C, 25 degrees C) were observed. (2) We had established Glu excitatory toxicity injury model in rat hippocampal slices. The changes of OPS after exposure to Glu and the effect of hypothermia (32 degrees C, 25 degrees C) against the Glu excitatory toxicity injury were observed. The non-NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) in the CA1 area were recorded via adding the GABA-R specific agonists bicuculline (BMI) and NMDAR agonists D-(-)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic Acid (AP5) in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid (nACSF), the NMDA receptor-mediated EPSP were recorded via adding the BMI and non-NMDA-R agonists 6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2, 3(1H,4H)-dione(CNQX) in nACSF. The variety of the changes of OPS during OGD14min in nACSF groups and added BMI compounded AP5 or BMI compounded CNQX ACSF groups were observed after administration of 25 degrees C hypothermia 28 min. (3) The changes of ultrastructure of CA1 area after OGD 1 h and the effect of hypothermia (25 degrees C) on it were observed.

RESULTS(1) OPS reduced and abolished quickly during OGD14min, and the recovery amplitude of OPS was very low after reoxygenation/glucose 1 h. While the time of OPS abolishing significantly elongated and the recovery of OPS was higher in hypothermia (32 degrees, 25 degrees C) groups. The effect in groups 25 degrees C was more significant than those in groups 32 degrees C. (2) In control groups, Glu (2 mmol/L, 14 min) decreased the amplitude of OPS, after the end of Glu exposure the recovery amplitude of OPS was very low. After administration of hypothermia (32 degrees C, 25 degrees C), the recovery amplitude and rate of OPS were significantly higher than those in the control groups, while the antagonism on Glu excitatory toxicity injury in H 25 degrees C was more significant than those in H 32 degrees C. The changes of OPS during OGD 14 min were no distinct difference in nACSF groups and added BMI (50 micromol/L) compounded AP5(20 micromol/L) or BMI (50 micromol/L) compounded CNQX (100 micromol/L) ACSF groups. The protection of hypothermia (25 degrees C) could not be cancelled by added AP5 compounded BMI or BMI compounded CNQX in nACSF. (3) After OGD (14 min) 1 h, the nuclear membrane of pyramidal cells in CA1 area was irregular, nucleus were homogenized, the organelle in the cytoplasm was degenerate, even more to necrosis or loss, mitochondrion swelled, ridge was vacuoles. In H 25 degrees C the nuclear membrane was regular, mitochondrion swelled only lightly. Small chromatin gathered to edge.

CONCLUSIONHypothermia shows the protective effects of against OGD injury in hippocampal slices. The mechanism is related to the antagonism of Glu excitor toxicity and maintenance the ATP level in cells, and the antagonism perhaps is mediated by NMDA-R and non-NMDA-R.

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glutamic Acid ; toxicity ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypothermia ; Membrane Potentials ; N-Methylaspartate ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of schisandrin B (Sch-B) on expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and signal transduction molecule mRNA in rat lungs exposed to SiO2, and explore the intervention mechanism of Sch-B on pulmonary fibrosis induced by SiO2.

METHODSNinety six Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (normal saline) group, SiO2 group and SiO2 plus Sch-B group. The rats were exposed to SiO2 by direct tracheal instillation to establish the silicotic animal models. SiO2 group and SiO2 plus Sch-B group were treated with 1 ml SiO2 (50 mg/ml) for each rat From the first day after model establishment, SiO2 plus Sch-B group were orally given Sch-B (80 mg/kg) a day, control group and silica group were orally given olive oil. On the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after treatment, 8 rats in each group were sacrificed and samples were collected. The histo-pathological examination of lung was performed by HE staining. The expression levels of TGF-beta1, TGF-betaR II and Smad4 mRNA in the lung tissues were detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe results of histo-pathological examination showed that in SiO2 group, lung tissues were injured obviously; the alveolar inflammation with alveolus interval edema and inflammation cell infiltration appeared on the 3rd and 7th days; the alveolus interval became thicker, became thicker, fibroblast and collagen matrix increased markedly on 14th day; the alveolar structure was damaged, alveolar wall thickened obviously, collagen aggravation and pulmonary fibrosis displayed on 28th day. The alveolar inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in SiO2 plus Sch-B group were significantly less than those in SiO2 group. The expressions levels of TGF-beta1 TGF-betaR II and Smad4 mRNA (TGF-1beta: 1.03 +/- 0.31, 1.33 +/- 0.39,1.08 +/- 0.26, 0.82 +/- 0.16, TGF-betaR II: 0.65 +/- 0.11, 0.80 +/- 0.16, 0.83 +/- 0.24, 0.62 +/- 0.15, Smad4:0.87 +/- 0.15, 0.68 +/- 0.11, 0.78 +/- 0.19, 0.30 +/- 0.08) in SiO2 group were significantly higher than those in the control group (TGF-beta1:0.59 +/- 0.22, 0.55 +/- 0.25, 0.56 +/- 0.20, 0.55 +/- 0.12, TGR-betaR II :0.28 +/- 0.13, 0.31 +/- 0.15, 0.34 +/- 0.15, 0.27 +/- 0.09, Smad4:0.23 +/- 0.11, 0.40 +/- 0.12, 0.39 +/- 0.12, 0.18 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but the expression level of TGF-beta1 mRNA was the highest on the 7th day. The expression levels of TGF-beta1 and Smad4 mRNA (TGF-beta1:0.68 +/- 0.28, 0.88 +/- 0.25, 0.75 +/- 0.11, 0.61 +/- 0.14,Smad4:0.25 +/- 0.12, 0.45 +/- 0.09, 0.44 +/- 0.07, 0.21 +/- 0.04) in SiO2 plus Sch-B group were significantly lower than those in SiO2 group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05 ), but there were no significant differences of the TGFbetaR II mRNA expression levels between SiO2 group and SiO2 plus Sch-B group.

CONCLUSIONSch-B can reduce the pulmonary fibrosis induced by SiO2 through inhibition of the mRNA express of TGF-beta1 and Smad4 in the lung tissue, modulating the TGF-beta1/Smad4 signal transduction pathway and inhibiting the target gene activation.

Animals ; Cyclooctanes ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lignans ; pharmacology ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Polycyclic Compounds ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Silicosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Smad4 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo analyze the impact of efforts of community-based organizations (CBO) in HIV testing mobilization and case finding among men who have sex with men(MSM).

METHODSResults of HIV testing mobilization among MSM through CBOs in 15 program areas were collected and compared with corresponding HIV case reporting data to demonstrate the contribution of CBO-based HIV testing in HIV case finding among MSM from July 2008 to December 2011. Meanwhile,the proportion of screened HIV positives who received testing results notification,confirmatory test, following up and CD4 cell tests were analyzed and compared with those identified in medical institutions.

RESULTSA total of 196 075 HIV tests were performed for MSM, as a result of mobilization efforts of CBOs. Cumulatively 7704 new HIV cases were identified, accounting for 51.7% (7704/14 914) of all newly diagnosed HIV cases infected via homosexual sex in the program areas.Among the newly diagnosed MSM HIV infections in the program areas,the proportion of infections detected through the mobilization of CBOs increased from 35.4% (609/1722) in 2008 to 63.7% (2371/3722) in 2010, and 58.3% (3024/5189) in 2011. Compared with those identified through medical institutions, newly diagnosed MSM infections detected though CBOs testing mobilization have higher rates of receiving screening testing results notification (97.3% (4441/4563) vs 92.8% (13 140/14 153)) , (84.6% (2559/3024) vs 79.8% (5589/7002)) and CD4 cell tests (66.1% (1999/3024) vs 52.9% (3705/7002)), and a lower rate of receiving confirmatory test (78.6% (3588/4563) vs 85.6% (12 115/14 153)).

CONCLUSIONCBOs can take their advantages in mobilizing MSM to receive HIV test, and MSM HIV cases detected through CBOs have become the main source of MSM HIV case finding in program areas.

Community Health Services ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; HIV Seropositivity ; Health Promotion ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening

On the base of element and metablism balancing, the mathematical model of the cultivation process with Streptomyces aureofaciens was developed, and the unknown parameters in the model were estimated with the method of nonlinear optimization. Firstly the energetic coefficient of CTC biosynthesis was gained, which was 1.8 - 2.8 mol-ATP x C-mol(-1). The macroscopic reaction rates were predicted in the process and compared with the experimental values. The results show that the model can preferably describe the relationships between several macroscopic reaction rates in the process and can supervise the optimization of CTC fermentation process theoretically.
Chlortetracycline ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Streptomyces aureofaciens ; growth & development ; metabolism

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Kangai-1 Protein ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Tumor Cells, Cultured