Objective To study the effects of vitamin B_6(VitB_6) injection on small intestinal peristalsis in mice and its mechanisms.Methods The mice were divided into 12 groups:calcium chloride injection group(1 mg/10 g),neostigmine methylsulfate injection group(0.001 5 mg/10 g),atropine sulfate injection group(0.005 mg/10 g),their combination with VitB_6 injection and high/low dose treated groups,high dose VitB_6 injection group(5 mg/10 g),low dose VitB_6 injection group(0.5 mg/10 g) and physiologic saline group(0.1 mL/ 10 g ).After administration 30 minutes,mice were intragastric administration Indian ink(0.1 mL/g),and they were luxated and put to death 20 minutes later.The mice belly were cut open,the length of intestine and distance of Indian ink that had moved were measured,and then the ink progradation rate were calculated.Results Compared with control group,the high dose VitB_6 injection could inhibit normal intestinal peristalsis of mice markedly(P0.05).Conclusions VitB_6 injection can inhibit hyperanakinesia of small intestine in mice,especially high dose.And this will be provided as theory foundation on enterospasm treatment.

The theoretical basis, location, belonging of zang-fu, treatment function and indications, applying principle and manipulation of Umbilical Ring acupoints in Zhuang medicine are explained in this paper. According to Zhuang medicine, umbilicus is an epitome of the body and all the zang-fu and organs in the body have corresponding epitomes like a fetus in front-standing position. The umbilicus is not only a micro-diagnosis system, but also a window for illness treatment that could be divided into superficial, middle and deep layer to respectively communicate different zang-fu and organs. The umbilical inner ring and outer ring are collectively called Umbilical Ring acupoints, they could dredge paths, regulate the balance of qi and blood to regulate qi, expel poison, tonify deficiency and remove stasis to treat many types of diseases in the whole body.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Umbilicus ; anatomy & histology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between genetic polymorphism of quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), glutathiones S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) and susceptibility to chronic benzene poisoning (BP).

METHODSThe genotypes of NQO1, GSTT1, GSTM1 for 100 patients with benzene poisoning and 90 workers exposed to benzene who were engaged in the same working time and job title as patients with benzene poisoning were detected by PCR-RFLP and multi-PCR.

RESULTSThere was a 2.82-fold (95% CI: 1.42 approximately 5.58, P < 0.05) increased risk of BP in the subjects with NQO1 C609T mutation genotype (T/T) compared with those carrying heterozygous (C/T) and wild type (C/C), and there was a 2.94-fold (95% CI: 1.25 approximately 6.90, P < 0.05) increased risk of BP in the subjects with NQO1 C609T T/T genotype compared with those carrying C/C genotype. The subjects with GSTT1 null genotype had a 1.91-fold (95% CI: 1.05 approximately 3.45, P < 0.05) increased risk of BP compared with those with GSTT1 non-null genotype. The interaction of two genes showed that there was a increased risk of BP in subjects with any two genotypes of NQO1 C609T T/T genotype and GSTT1 null genotype and GSTM1 null genotype, compared to the individual with any two genotypes of NQO1 C609T C/C genotype and GSTT1 non-null genotype and GSTM1 non-null genotype. The interaction of three genes showed that there was a 20.41-fold (95% CI: 3.79 approximately 111.11, P < 0.01) increased risk of BP in subjects with NQO1 C609T T/T genotype and GSTT1 null genotype and GSTM1 null genotype compared with those carrying NQO1 C609T C/T genotype and C/C genotype and GSTT1 non-null genotype and GSTM1 non-null genotype.

CONCLUSIONSThe interaction of multi-genes may be an important role to BP. The genetic polymorphisms of 3 genes (NQO1, GSTT1 and GSTM1) led to declining of detoxifying ability in benzene metabolism, so the individual with NQO1 C609T T/T genotype, GSTT1 null genotype and GSTM1 null genotype is most susceptive to benzene. The results were consistent with that of the theoretic presumption. It could be suggested as a biomarker to assess the risk of benzene poisoning for individuals.

Adult ; Aged ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

BACKGROUNDSix provinces in China accounted for 70% - 80% of all reported HIV/AIDS cases in the country in 2009 and five provinces accounted for 78% of all reported mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV cases. Because Guangxi belonged to both groups, the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Plus program was established there to understand better low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery (PD) birth outcomes and their associated risk factors better.

METHODSPregnancy outcomes were examined among HIV-infected pregnant women who enrolled in the PMTCT Plus program from June 2006 to February 2009 in Guangxi, China. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors associated with LBW (< 2500 g) and PD (gestational age < 37 weeks).

RESULTSThe prevalence of LBW and PD among 194 HIV-positive mothers was 19.6% (38/194) and 9.8% (19/194), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that CD4 cell count < 100 cell/µl (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.52; 95%CI 1.11 - 25.55) and CD4 cell count 100 - 199 cells/µl (AOR 3.40; 95%CI 1.03 - 11.25, compared to CD4 cell count ≥ 350 cells/µl), gestational age < 37 weeks (AOR 4.38; 95%CI 1.29 - 14.82, compared to ≥ 37 weeks), maternal weight < 45 kg (AOR 5.64; 95%CI 1.09 - 29.07) and maternal weight 45 - 54 kg (AOR 3.55; 95%CI 1.31 - 9.60, compared to ≥ 55 kg) at enrollment, and HIV RNA ≥ 100 000 copies/ml at enrollment (AOR 4.22; 95%CI 1.24 - 14.32) and 20 000 - 99 999 (AOR 2.77; 95%CI 1.01 - 7.77, compared to < 20 000 copies/ml) were associated with a higher risk of LBW. For PD, only maternal injection drug use as the route of HIV transmission (AOR 5.30; 95%CI 1.33 - 21.14, compared to those infected with HIV through sexual transmission) was significantly associated with a higher risk of PD.

CONCLUSIONSLower CD4 cell count and higher HIV RNA viral load at enrollment were associated with LBW. Optimal antenatal care, including earlier antenatal screening and HIV diagnosis, is critical to earlier PMTCT prophylaxis and/or HIV treatment to prevent transmission of HIV to the infant and also to prevent LBW pregnancy outcomes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; HIV Infections ; complications ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; physiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; epidemiology ; Premature Birth ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Risk Factors ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in post-operative neurosurgical patients.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 7 patients who experienced pulmonary thromboembolism after neurosurgical operations in our department from October 2009 to March 2010.

RESULTSOf these 7 patients, 6 were confirmed with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and 1 was diagnosed according to the clinical manifestations and other diagnostic examinations. All the patients were treated initially with low-dose heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin and then with warfarin. Two patients were implanted with permanent inferior vena cava filters before anticoagulation. One received anticoagulant therapy and died of respiratory failure due to pulmonary embolism on the fourth post-operative day. Six patients were discharged after significant improvement.

CONCLUSIONSMany risk factors may cause PTE peri-operatively. Post-operative CTPA may be indicated. Anticoagulation and other management strategies may be applied to improve the outcome.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Pulmonary Embolism ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo summarize the experience in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of carcinoma arising from congenital biliary duct cyst.

METHODSThe clinical and pathological data of 185 patients with congenital biliary duct cyst admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSAmong 185 patients, twenty-seven cases had carcinomas arising from congenital biliary duct cyst, and the frequency of malignant transformation was 14.6%, which closely related to the age (P < 0.001). The incidences of malignancy for different age groups were: 0 for 0-9 age group, 5.1% for 0-19, 9.1% for 20-29, 16.2% for 30-39, 26.7% for 40-49, 33.3% for 50-59, and 50% for over 60, respectively. Six patients had the history of cyst-enterostomy. Abdominal pain, fever, jaundice and weight loss were the main clinical manifestations. Abdominal ultrasonography, CT, MRI or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, MRCP and endoscopic retrograde choledochopancreatography (ERCP) were the main diagnostic methods. For twenty patients (74.1%), a definite diagnosis was made preoperatively, but it's hard to make an early diagnosis. Nine patients (33.3%) underwent curative resection.

CONCLUSIONSCongenital biliary duct cyst is a premalignant lesion, and the incidence of carcinogenesis increases remarkably with age. The most effective method for prevention of carcinogenesis in choledochal cyst is complete excision of choledochal cyst during childhood, and the prognosis is poor for patients with biliary malignancy.

Adolescent ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Choledochal Cyst ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Glioma ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) combined with transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the diagnosis of mediastinal and pulmonary hilar lesions as well as in the lymph node staging (N staging) of lung cancer.

METHODS129 patients with mediastinal and pulmonary hilar lesions underwent either TBNA or EUS-FNA with cytological needle aspiration. The samples obtained from TBNA or EUS-FNA were examined by both cytologiy and histopathology.

RESULTSOf the 129 patients, 59 underwent TBNA and 70 EUS-FNA. The diagnostic rate were 84.7% (50/59) by TBNA and 94.3% (66/70) by EUS-FNA, resepectively. The diagnosis of 116 (89.9%) patients were confirmed by either TBNA or EUS-FNA. The pathological and cytological diagnostic rates were 92.2% (107/116) and 88.0% (102/116), resepectively. The diagnostic rate was elevated by 8.4% (9/107) through pathological examination. The histological classification rates by cytological and pathological examination were 73.8% (76/116) and 89.3% (92/103), respectively. The diagnostic rate of histological classification was elevated by 35.5% (27/76) through pathological examination.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of TBNA and EUS-FNA can improve the diagnostic rate for wider mediastinal and pulmlonary hilar lesions. Pathological examination of the samples obtained from the TBNA and EUS-FNA can elevate not only the rate of diagnosis but also the rate of histological classification.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; methods ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Endosonography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; secondary ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo find out the rate of comorbidities of depression, anxiety disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with epilepsy and to analyze the relevant affecting factors and impacts on quality of life.

METHODTotally 142 children with various types of epilepsy underwent neuropsychological assessment with the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV, an 18-item parent-rated questionnaire based on the diagnostic criteria for ADHD, the quality of life was measured in 100 cases on antiepileptic medications by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). The comorbidity rates were calculated using t-test, chi(2) test and multiple logistic analysis, the variables associated with psychiatric comorbidities were determined, and the impact on quality of life was analyzed.

RESULT(1) The total rate of emotional and behavioral comorbidities was 57.7% (82/142), the frequency of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was 14.8%, 44.4% and 17.6%, respectively. The suicidal ideation occasionally occurred in 5.6% of the cases and 0.7% of cases often had the ideation, but no suicidal action was found in any case. (2) Risk factors for the emotional and behavioral disorders: multiple logistic analysis indicated that age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables were not relative to the comorbidities, P > 0.05, there were interactions among the disorders. (3) The impact on the quality of life: The emotional and behavioral conditions were associated with the low quality of life, which was significantly lower in epileptic children with co-morbid disorder compared to non-comorbidities epilepsy group. Especially negative impact on the total score of quality of life and four sub-items such as overall quality, emotional well-being, cognitive and social function, P < 0.001. There were also significant differences between the two groups in the other three sub-items including fear for seizure attack, energy/fatigue and medication effects (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of emotional and behavioral disorders including depress disorder, anxiety disorder and ADHD was considerably high in children with epilepsy. Age, gender and epilepsy illness-related variables are not associated with the emotional and behavioral comorbidities, which interfere with each other. Emotional and behavioral disorder is one of the negative factors to the quality of life in epileptic patients. Neuropsychological assessment and treatment are important for improvement of the quality of life in children with epilepsy.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Comorbidity ; Emotions ; Epilepsy ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires