Breast cancer is a multistep process with abnormalities of some biomarkers.Knowledge of biomarkers can provide prognostic information in addition to the clinicopathologic factors,and is useful to carry out the indiviual treat- ment.In this review,we summarized the most recent work in the field of biological markers used for the prognosis,such as Her-2/neu,P53,BRCA1,Angiogenesis,LOH,et al

Objective To observe the expression of various antibodies on resection specimens with Hirschsprung's disease(HD), and to find out a special antibody to help the diagnosis of HD. Methods Neuron specific enolase(NSE),S100, Cathepsin D (CAD), Peripherin, protein gene prosuct 9. 5(PGP9. 5) were used as the first antibody to do the EnVision immunohistochemical staining on each end of the resection specimens with HD. Results PGP9.5, NSE, Peripherin were positive both in neuroganglion cells and neuro-plexus in the submucosa and intermuscule; S100 was positive in neutoplexus but negative in neuroganglion cells in the submucosa and intermuscule; CAD was positive in neuroganglion but negative in neuroplexus cells in the submucosa and intermuscule. Conclusion Compared with the other antibodies,CAD is a special antibody which may help the diagnosis of HD; CAD staining results is easy to judge, and it is more faster and economic.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organotin Compounds ; poisoning ; Retrospective Studies

Asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) in plants belong to the family of cysteine protease that undergo self-activation in the form of zymogen in acidic vacuole and play important physiological roles in maturation of seed storage proteins, protein degradation, programmed cell death and host defense. Bioprocessing enzymes (peptidyl Asx-specific ligases, PALs) that promote the maturation of cyclotides have recently been isolated and identified from several cyclotide-rich plants. PALs derived from AEPs can site-specifically catalyze the formation of asparagine or aspartate peptide bonds. Due to the advantages of relatively traceless peptide bonds and broad substrate spectrum and high catalytic efficiency, they have been playing important roles in the cyclization and modification of peptides and proteins, and are powerful tools for improving the stability of peptide drugs. This review describes the physiological functions of AEPs in plants and summarizes the discoveries, structural characteristics, catalytic mechanism and protein engineering of PALs, as well as the limitation of their applications and future trends. In addition, the applications of PALs in cyclotides biosynthesis and the development of macrocyclic peptides are highlighted, with the aim of providing a new idea for the biocatalytic synthesis of cyclic peptides.

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of clavicular hook-plate fixation and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation in treating Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSForty-one patients with Tossy type III acromioclavicular dislocation treated by operation were retrospectively analysis from January 2012 to January 2014. The patients were divided into clavicular hook-plate fixation group (group A) and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation (group B) according to surgical procedures. In group A, there were 15 males and 6 females aged from 17 to 51 years old with an average of (31.60 ± 12.58) years old, preoperative Constant-Murley score was 40.25 ± 9.80, and treated with clavicular hook-plate fixation. In group B, there were 13 males and 7 females aged from 18 to 48 years old with an average of (29.40 ± 11.27) years old, preoperative Constant-Murley score was 41.45 ± 8.81, and treated with modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation. Operative time, blood loss, imaging changes before and after operation, postoperative complications were compared; Constant-Murley score at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation were evaluated.

RESULTSIn group A, operative time was 40.50 ± 24.36) min, blood loss was (75.30 ± 30.36) ml; In group B, operative time was (60.10 ± 23.55) min, blood loss was (100.70 ± 40.12) ml. Twenty-one patients in group A were followed-up from 12 to 18 months with an average of (14.8 ± 3.1) months; 20 patients in group B were followed-up from 12 to 14 months with an average of (13.6 ± 1.5) months. There were no significant differences in operative time, blood loss and follow-up time between two groups. Complications were in six patients of group A and 3 patients of group B, and there were no significant meaning between two groups. At 6 months after operation, Constant-Murley score in group A was 88.85 ± 4.23, 92.15 ± 3.82 in group B; and had significant meaning between two groups (t = -2.56, P = 0.022 < 0.05). While there were no differences in Constant-Murley score in other times.

CONCLUSIONBoth of clavicular hook-plate fixation and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation are effective operative methods for the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular dislocation. Clavicular hook-plate fixation has advantage of less trauma, while modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation could reconstruct coracoclavicular ligament more stronger, clavicular hook plate could take out earlier, also improve shoulder joint function earlier.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery

Taxol is one of the most potent anti-cancer agents, which is extracted from the plants of Taxus species. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPI) catalyzes the reversible transformation between IPP and DMAPP, both of which are the general 5-carbon precursors for taxol biosynthesis. In the present study, a new gene encoding IPI was cloned from Taxus media (namely TmIPI with the GenBank Accession Number KP970677) for the first time. The full-length cDNA of TmIPI was 1 232 bps encoding a polypeptide with 233 amino acids, in which the conserved domain Nudix was found. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the sequence of TmIPI was highly similar to those of other plant IPI proteins, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that there were two clades of plant IPI proteins, including IPIs of angiosperm plants and IPIs of gymnosperm plants. TmIPI belonged to the clade of gymnosperm plant IPIs, and this was consistent with the fact that Taxus media is a plant species of gymnosperm. Southern blotting analysis demonstrated that there was a gene family of IPI in Taxus media. Finally, functional verification was applied to identify the function of TmIPI. The results showed that biosynthesis of β-carotenoid was enhanced by overexpressing TmIPI in the engineered E. coli strain, and this suggested that TmIPI might be a key gene involved in isoprenoid/terpenoid biosynthesis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; Paclitaxel ; biosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; Taxus ; enzymology ; genetics

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Staining and Labeling ; methods ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective: To determine protein binding characteri stic and signal transmission pathway of melatonin（Mel） receptor(MR) in human e mbryonic peripheral organ tissues. Methods: MR was measured by radio ligand-binding assay and the effect of GTPγS on melatonin specific bindi ng was studied. Results: Mel specific binding sites were det ermined in 16 kinds of human embryonic tissue and this binding could be inhibit ed by GTPγS, supporting the theory that MR is coupled to inhibitory G-proteins system. Conclusion: MR is measured in human embryo tissue, the se results provide experimental data for elucidating the mechanism of the effect of Mel.

Objective To investigate the correlation of pretreatment serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCCAg)with the clinico-pathological features of squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix and its significance as a prognostic factor.Methods One hundred and fourteen patients of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix(Ⅰbl-Ⅱa),who underwent pretreatment serum SCCAg evaluation and long-term follow-up after treatment were selected for this study.Clinical data were used to investigate the correlation between SCCAg and clinico-pathological features and factors that influence prognosis through univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Univariate analysis showed elevation of SCCAg(using≤1.5 mg/L as the cut-off value)was correlated with tumor size,deep stromal invasion and pelvic node metastasis (P0.05).However,between no pelvic node metastasis+elevated SCCAg cases and no pelvic node metastasis+normal SCCAg cases,there was a significant difference in DFS (71.8% vs 98.0%,P=0.003),recurrence rate(33.3% vs 9.8%,P=0.006)and local recurrence (26.5% vs 2.1%,P=0.001).Conelusions The independent prognostic factors for Ⅰ bl-Ⅱa squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix include elevated pretreatment SCCAg and pelvic node metastasis. Patients with elevated pretreatment serum SCCAg and no metastasis to pelvic lymph node(s)are at significantly elevated risk of local recurrence,and therefore need individualized treatment to improve local control and long-term survival.

Objective It has become more important to protect brain function in operation and post-operation period with the developmen of surgery therapy for congenital heart surgery.Methods The primary cultured neuron cell of l8-day-pregnan embryoid Sprague-Dawley rat's hippocampus has been selected as the experimental material.The experimental concentration of magnesium sulfate will be 0 mmol/L,1 mmol/L,2 mmol/L,4 mmol/L;0 mmol/L is for control group.Selecting c-fos protein as target for primary antibody.Results After immunohistochemistry procedure,we found the mortality of neuronal cultures with magnesium sulfate in different concentration was 89.47 %,49.35 %,52.56 %,90.67 %(P