Objective To assese the healing of stoma after magnetic anastomosis for the reconstruction of biliary-enteric continuity under severe inflammation.
Methods Acute bile duct injury was constructed as a bile peritonitis model in mongrel dogs (n=32). Magnetic anastomosis (group A, n=16) and traditional suture anastomosis (group B, n=16) were performed to reconstruct the biliary-enteric continuity in one stage. Half of the dogs in each group were euthanized on the 30th postoperative day, and the other half on the 90th postoperative day to harvest the stoma region. The healing conditions of the stoma after the 2 anastomotic approaches were observed with naked eyes, under light microscope and scanning electron microscope.
Results The stoma leakage rate (50%versus 0%on the 30th postoperative day, 37.5%versus 12.5%on the 90th postoperative day, both P<0.05) and stenosis degree (13.9%±0.3%versus 7.1%±0.3%on the 30th postoperative day, 17.2%±0.4%versus 9.4%±0.4%on the 90th postoperative day, both P<0.01) were significantly higher in group B than in group A. Compared with traditional manual anastomoses, the histological analysis under light and electron microscope showed a more continuous stoma with more regular epithelium proliferation and collagen arrangement, less inflammation in group A.
Conclusions Magnetic anastomosis stent ensures better healing of the stoma even under the circumstance of severe inflammation.

In this study, 17 kinds of Dendrobium species of Fengdous including 39 individuals were collected from 4 provinces. Mitochondrial gene sequences co I, nad 5, nad 1-intron 2 and chloroplast gene sequences rbcL, matK amd psbA-trnH were amplified from these materials, as well as nrDNA ITS. Furthermore, suitable sequences for identification of Dendrobium species of Fengdous were screened by K-2-P and P-distance. The results showed that during the mentioned 7 sequences, nrDNA ITS, nad 1-intron 2 and psbA-trnH which had a high degree of variability could be used to identify Dendrobium species of Fengdous. However, single fragment could not be used to distinguish D. moniliforme and D. huoshanense. Moreover, compared to other combined fragments, new type combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 was more effective in identifying the original plants of Dendrobium species and could be used to identify D. huoshanense and D. moniliforme. Besides, according to the UPGMA tree constructed with nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2, 3 inspected Dendrobium plants were identified as D. huoshanense, D. moniliforme and D. officinale, respectively. This study identified Dendrobium species of Fengdous by combined fragments nrDNA ITS+nad 1-intron 2 for the first time, which provided a more effective basis for identification of Dendrobium species. And this study will be helpful for regulating the market of Fengdous.
DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Genes, Chloroplast ; Genes, Plant ; Introns ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics

China ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control

Bletilla striata has been used as traditional Chinese medicine for several centuries. In recent years, the quality and quantity of wild B. striata plants have declined sharply due to habitat deterioration and human over-exploitation. Therefore, it is of great urgency to evaluate and protect B. striata wild plant resource. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were applied to assess the level and pattern of genetic diversity in twelve populations of B. striata. The results showed a high level of genetic diversity (PPB = 90.48%, H = 0.349 4, I = 0.509 6) and moderate genetic differentiation among populations (G(st) = 0.260 9). Based on the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA), twelve populations gathered in three clusters. The cluster 1 included four populations. There are Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Xuancheng and Hangzhou. The seven populations which come from Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province and Guizhou Province belonged to the cluster 2. The cluster 3 only contained Wenshan population. Moreover, Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic distances and geographic distances (r = 0.632 9; P < 0.000 1). According to the results, we proposed a series of conservation consideration for B. striata.
China ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Orchidaceae ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of aloe polysaccharides pretreatment on the cerebral inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation in severe hemorrhagic shock rats first entering high altitude.

METHODSForty healthy male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): sham group, shock group, AP group was further divided into 3 subgroups (AP1 0.75 mg/kg; AP2 1.50 mg/kg; AP3 3.00 mg/kg). The different doses AP were given iv respectively at 30 min before hemorrhagic shock. The mean blood pressure (MAP) was maintained at (35 ± 5) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) for 60 minutes. The animals were killed at 2 hours after resuscitation. Blood samples were obtained from femoral artery for detecting tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations; the frontal and parietal lobes brain and the hippocampus were separated from brain tissues on the ice for detecting superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, brain Wet-dry weight ratio (W/D).

RESULTSCompared with sham group, hemorrhagic shock significantly increased serum TNF-α ((76 ± 11) ng/L), IL-6 ((1303 ± 141) ng/L) and IL-10 concentrations ((95 ± 14) ng/L), MPO activity ((20.72 ± 2.28)×10(-2) U/g) and MDA concentration ((80 ± 13) nmol/mgprot) in the brain tissue and brain W/D (6.21 ± 0.18) (t = 6.928 - 14.565, P < 0.05), while SOD activity ((56 ± 11) U/mgprot) decreased significantly (t = -5.374, P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between shock and AP1 groups. AP2 group significantly inhibited hemorrhagic shock-induced increase serum TNF-α ((54 ± 12) ng/L), IL-6 ((846 ± 78) ng/L) and IL-10 concentrations ((66 ± 11) ng/L), MPO activity ((13.13 ± 1.23)×10(-2) U/g) and MDA concentration ((56 ± 9) nmol/mgprot) in the brain tissue and brain W/D (5.71 ± 0.18) (t = -6.905 - -3.357, P < 0.05), while SOD activity ((86 ± 12) U/mgprot) increased significantly compared to shock group (t = 4.240, P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between AP2 and AP3 groups.

CONCLUSIONAP pretreatment can attenuate the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in severe traumatic-hemorrhagic rats first entering high altitude through inhibiting systemic inflammatory response and leukocyte aggregation and lipid peroxidation in the brain.

Aloe ; chemistry ; Altitude ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To investigate the influence of necroptosis pathways in microglia activation and inflammatory factor levels in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and their significances.Methods A modified suture method was used to establish the models of middle cerebral artery I/R in rats.(1) SD rats according to the random number table were divided into cerebral I/R 6 h group,cerebral I/R 12 h group,cerebral I/R 24 h group,and cerebral I/R 72 h group (n=6);the expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (iba-1) was detected by immunohistochemical staining,and time points enjoyed obvious iba-1 expression were selected according to the experimental results.(2) SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,cerebral I/R group,80 nmol necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) intervention group and 160 nmol Nec-1 intervention group (n=6),and the Nec-1 intervention was given 2 h after ischemia;Longa method was used to evaluate the neurological function scores and TTC method was used to detect the infarct volume;and the appropriate dosages of Nec-1 were selected according to these results.(3) SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,cerebral I/R group,solvent group and Nec-1 intervention group (n=6),and Nec-1 or DMSO intervention was given 2 h after ischemia.HE staining was used to observe the survival and proliferation ofmicroglias around the infarction tissues;immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the iba-1 expression surrounding the infarction tissues;immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were employed to observe the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β and glia-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expressions.Results (1) The iba-1 expression at cerebral I/R 24 h group was significantly increased as compared with that in other groups (P＜0.05).(2) As compared with those in the cerebral I/R group,the neurological function scores and infarct volume were significantly decreased in the 80 nmol Nec-1 intervention group and 160 nmol Nec-1 intervention group (P＜0.05);more obvious changes were noted in the 160 nmol Nec-1 intervention group as compared with those in the 80 nmol Nec-1 intervention group,with significant difference (P＜0.05).(3) HE staining showed peri-infarct tissue inflammatory cell infiltration,reduced neuron number,cell body shrinkage and nuclear pyknosis in the cerebral I/R group,while these changes were less obvious in the Nec-1 intervention group;as compared with cerebral I/R group,the Nec-1 intervention group had significantly decreased expressions of iba-1,TNF-α,IL-1 β and GDNF (P＜0.05).Conclusion Necroptosis pathway involves in the activation ofmicroglias after I/R injury in rat brains;Nec-1 inhibits the activation of microglia,and reduces the neuronal damage by regulating inflammatory cytokines.

The automatic cleaning machine we have developed, adopts a SCM system in automatic cleaning. The machine has five functions: ultrasonic cleaning, cold or hot water spraying, drying and greasing. The clinical applications show that the machine with a good effectiveness is suitable for the cleaning of many surgical instruments. It also raises working efficiency, cuts down on the cost of repair and maintenance and reduces the injury and infection to nurses caused by manual cleaning, satisfying the needs of clinical applications.
Automation ; instrumentation ; Disinfection ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Surgical Instruments ; standards ; Ultrasonics ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo analyze the allele frequencies of 7 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D12S1718, D12S1675, D12S358, D12S367, D12S1638, D12S1646 and D12S1682) on chromosome 12 among Kashing-Beck disease (KBD) patients and the control population living in the KBD areas and non-KBD area.

METHODSEDTA-blood specimens were collected from 102 unrelated individuals of Chinese Han population in Shaanxi province including 29 KBD patients,30 controls living in the KBD area and 43 living in the non-KBD area. DNA samples were extracted using the Wizard Genomic DNA purification kit (http://www. Promega. com) and were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The PCR products were analyzed by ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer.

RESULTS(1) In KBD patients group, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 4,7,7,8,5,5 and 7, the genotype number were 5,12,13,11,10,9 and 13; (2) In the control population living in KBD area, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 4,9,7,6,6,6 and 8,t he genotype number were 5,10,12,14,12,9 and 13;(3) In the control population living in the non-KBD area, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 7,9,7,7,5,8 and 11, the genotype number were 9,16, 17,16,12,15 and 20;(4) Compared with the allele frequencies among three groups, there were significant differences between KBD patients and the controls living in the KBD area (D12S367: P = 0.034; D12S1638: P = 0.041) and the controls living in the non-KBD area (D12S367: P = 0. 029; D12S1638: P= 0 .028) in the D12S367 and D12S1638 loci; (5) There were significant differences among KBD patients (P = 0.036), controls living in the KBD area (P = 0.039) and controls living in the non-KBD area in the D12S1646.

CONCLUSIONThere was significant difference between KBD patients and the controls in the D12S367 and D12S1638 loci.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; genetics ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo analyze the allele frequencies of 6 STR loci (D12S358, D12S1675, D12S1663, D12S1697, D12S16725 and D12S1613) on chromosome 12 among KBD patients and residents in the KBD and non-KBD areas.

METHODSEDTA-blood samples were collected from 146 unrelated Chinese Han individuals in Shaanxi Province including 57 KBD patients, 48 control subjects living in the Kashing-Beck disease(KBD) area and 48 in the non-KBD area. The DNA samples were extracted and amplified by PCR, and the PCR products were analyzed by ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer.

RESULTSIn KBD patients, the allele number for the 6 STR loci (D12S358, D12S1675, D12S1663, D12S1697, D12S16725 and D12S1613) was 7, 7, 7, 10, 12 and 8, and the genotype number were 13, 12, 9, 17, 19 and 10, respectively; in the residents in KBD area, the allele number was 7, 5, 7, 9, 13 and 9, and the genotype number 12, 10, 12, 19, 16 and 8; in residents in non-KBD area, the allele number was 7, 5, 5, 12, 8 and 9, and the genotype number 17, 16, 8, 22, 14 and 8. There were significant differences in the allele frequencies in the D12S1725 loci between KBD patients and residents living in KBD area (P=0.0119) and the non-KBD area (P=0.0050), but no significant difference in other 5 loci among the 3 groups.

CONCLUSIONKBD patients have significantly different allele distribution patterns in the D12S1725 loci from the control subjects.

Adult ; China ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of limb ischemia preconditioning on pulmonary free radicals and cytokine levels during lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.

METHODSEighteen healthy rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group (group C, n = 6), ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R, n = 6), limb ischemia preconditioning group (group L, n = 6). At the end of experiments, the wet to dry-weight ratio (W/D), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the contents of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) were determined in lung tissues. Protein levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum were measured to calculate the lung permeability index. Pathologic changes of lung tissues were also observed.

RESULTSCompared to the group I/R, the lung tissue W/D ratio, MPO activity, lung permeability index, MDA and the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) levels were significantly decreased in group L (P < 0.05), while the SOD activity (P < 0.05) and IL-10 contents were significantly increased (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the changes of the above parameters between group L and group C (P > 0.05). The morphologic damages were significantly reduced in group L than that in group I/R.

CONCLUSIONLimb ischemia preconditioning has protective effect against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may at least in part through inhibiting the release of oxygen-derived free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extremities ; blood supply ; Female ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-8 ; metabolism ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Lung ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism