BACKGROUND:Negative pressure wound therapy has been widely recognized, the currently published papers are limited in academic value and lack of scientific, objective, qualified index to confirm the therapy effectiveness. OBJECTIVE:To systemical y evaluate the clinical effect of negative pressure wound therapy, provide more evidence for its clinical application, and guide clinical research.
METHODS:Fifteen articles were screened out of peer-reviewed publications (Cochran library, Embase, PubMed-Medline and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database). Scientific data were col ected and evaluated by two researchers. The data were statistical y analyzed with RevMan software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Only 15 random-control ed trials were final y preserved, including 10 as B-grade moderate bias risk and focused on the effect of negative pressure wound therapy on chronic wounds, and 5 as C-grade high bias risk and focused on the effect of negative pressure wound therapy on acute wounds. There were significant differences in the main outcome measures between negative pressure wound therapy and conventional wound therapy. As for chronic wound patients, no significant difference was observed in the operation-preparing period, reducing wound area, promoting wound granulation, and amputation rate between two therapies. As for acute wound patients, the differences were significant in the operation-preparing period, promoting wound granulation, wound infection rate, and cost materials between two therapies. However, no difference was significant in the healing of wound and hospitalization time. Our findings indicate that, negative pressure wound therapy is an effective means for both acute and chronic wounds, it can shorten operation-preparing period, promote wound granulation, and reduce amputation rate and infection rate, thus providing evidence for clinical application. The wel-designed study is needed to develop high-quality random control ed trails.

BACKGROUND:Negative pressure wound therapy has been extensively used, but most people only knew the superiority of negative pressure wound therapy based on clinical experiences or subjective judgment.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of negative pressure wound therapy on the wound on the body surface, and to compare with contemporaneous conventional method.
METHODS:A total of 45 patients with wound on the body surface treated in the Peking Union Medical Col ege Hospital from January 2006 to December 2011 were enrol ed in this study, including 25 patients undergoing negative pressure wound therapy and 20 patients undergoing conventional change dressing method. Al clinical data were recorded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Negative pressure wound therapy was better than conventional method (P<0.05), on terms of preoperative preparation period, wound granulation, bacterial scavenging, labor intensity of working staff and incidence of postoperative complications. However, no significant difference in therapy cost was detectable (P>0.05). These results suggested that compared with conventional method, negative pressure wound therapy positively contributed to the healing, obviously shortened preoperative preparation, accelerated the diminution of wound, decreased the incidence of complications of reconstruction, lessened patient’s distress, reduced their economic cost, and diminished labor intensity of working staff. Negative pressure wound therapy has been proven an excellent tool of to promote wound healing.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of transumbilical single-site single-port with that of transumbilical single-site double-port laparoscopic varicocelectomy in the treatment of varicocele in adolescents.

METHODSWe randomly assigned 80 varicocele patients aged 10 - 16 years to two groups of equal number to receive transumbilical single-site single-port and single-site double-port laparoscopic varicocelectomy, respectively. We compared the operation time, postoperative hospital stay, incisional pain, complications and satisfaction with the abdominal cosmetic outcomes between the two groups.

RESULTSAll the operations were successfully performed. The double-port group showed a significantly higher score on the Visual Analogue Scale than the single-port group (4.8 +/- 1.4 vs 3.6 +/- 1.1, t = -4.986, P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the operation time ([29.8 +/- 4.2] vs [31.2 +/- 4.6] min, t = 1.383, P = 0.171), postoperative hospital stay ([1.95 +/- 0.7] vs [1.82 +/- 0.8] d, t = -0.784, P = 0.436), complications (0 vs 0) and scores on the satisfaction with abdominal cosmetic outcomes (4.6 +/- 0.6 vs 4.8 +/- 0.5, t = 1.253, P = 0.214). No recurrence, umbilical hernia, hydrocele and orchiatrophy were found in the two groups of patients at 6 months after operation, and no visible scar was observed on the abdominal surface.

CONCLUSIONWith strict surgical indications, single-site single-port and single-site double-port laparoscopic varicocelectomies have similar clinical effects in the treatment of varicocele, which leave no scar on the abdominal surface. Single-site double-port laparoscopy needs no special instruments and therefore is worthier of wide clinical application.

Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Operative Time ; Umbilicus ; surgery ; Varicocele ; surgery

S1 nuclease (from Aspergillus oryzae) is a specific enzyme to degrade single stranded DNA or RNA molecules. It has been reported to be able to convert superhelical circular DNA molecules into open circle or linear forms under certain conditions, but this function has not been well explored. In order to use the action of S1 nuclease to linearize circular DNA and develop a novel way of cloning microcircular DNAs, the pUC19 was used to investigate the relationship between the linearization efficiency of S1 nuclease and the amount of enzyme used. By this way the optimal conditions for linearization of circular DNAs by S1 nuclease would be determined. 0.3u to 17u S1 nuclease per 100ng pUC19 DNA was added into a 25 microL system, respectively, to perform the reaction. The effectiveness of enzyme digestion was realized by electrophoresis in a 1.2% agarose gel. The results showed that along with the increase in enzyme amount from 0.3u to 17u a gradual decrease in the superhelical form, a gradual increase in the linear form and then in the circular form was obvious. The conversion from superhelical form to linear and circular form was directly related to the enzyme amount used. A higher proportion of linear DNA molecules was achieved by using 5 to 17u S1 nuclease per 100ng DNA. Besides, electrophoretic mobility of the S1 nuclease-linearized pUC19 was the same as that of the linear form produced by restriction enzyme digestion. According to the result of phiX174 digested by S1 nuclease it has been proposed that the enzyme cleaves first randomly on one site of one strand, thus converting the superhelical molecules into open circle form, and then on the same site of the complementary strand to produce the linear form. Therefore, the S1 nuclease-linearized DNA molecules are intact in the sense of their length and can be used for cloning. The plasmid-like DNA pC3 from cucumber mitochondria is a double stranded circular DNA molecule with about 550bp and the smallest known plasmid-like DNA in eukaryotic mitochondria. Many attempts have been made to linearize the molecule by using restriction enzymes but failed. Therefore, S1 nuclease was used to linearize pC3 based on the results obtained with pUC19. The linearized pC3 DNA molecules formed a very sharp band in a 2.5% agarose gel after electrophoresis. They were then recovered from the gel, added an "A" tail and ligated with T-vector. After transformation into E. coli JM109 cells, the positive clones were, screened by the blue-white selection. The insert was then cut using restriction enzymes EcoRI and Pst I. The result of electrophoresis shows that the electrophoretic mobility of the insert is just the same as that predicted. A 32 P-labled probe was synthesized using pC3 as the template and Southern blot analysis was carried out. The result shows that the inserted DNA is hybridized to the probe, which indicates that the cloned DNA fragment is from pC3. The sequence information of the insert shows that the plasmid-like DNA pC3 was 537bp in length. The nucleotide sequence was deposited in the GenBank (the accession number is AF522195).
Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; methods ; DNA, Circular ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo extract corosolic acid from loquat leaves for medical use.

METHODSLoquat leaves were boiled in water to remove the water-soluble substances followed by 3 cycles of extraction with 25% aqueous methanol for 30 min and then by 95% aqueous methanol for 1 h at 80 degrees celsius;. After cooling at room temperature and filtration, the extract was treated with activated carbon to remove chlorophyll, and the liquid was filtered and concentrated to allow precipitation. The sediment was washed to obtain the total crude triterpene acid, which was further dissolved with methanol and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The fractions including corosolic acid were collected, concentrated with vacuum distillation, and dried to obtain corosolic acid product, which was analyzed with HPLC.

RESULTSHPLC analysis of the extracts showed that the percentages of corosolic acid were 4.66%, 2.42%, and 24.18% in crude corosolic acid extracted with methanol, boiling water, and 95% aqueous methanol, respectively. After purification with HPLC, the purity of corosolic acid in the product exceeded over 80%.

CONCLUSIONThe optimal extraction method, which is convenient and cost-effective, is established for extracting corosolic acid from loquat leaves for medical use.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Eriobotrya ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; Triterpenes ; isolation & purification

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of mind-refreshing and balance-restoring needling method combined with Frenkel exercises in treating ataxia after cerebral stroke. Methods: The recruited 120 patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by mind-refreshing and balance-restoring needling method, while the observation group was given additional lower-limb Frenkel exercises. Before and after treatment and at the follow-up, the ataxic lower-limb function was scored using Berg balance scale (BBS) and international cooperative ataxia rating scale (ICARS), and Barthel index (BI) was adopted to score the activities of daily living (ADL). Results: After treatment, the markedly effective rate was 70.2％ and the total effective rate was 96.5％ in the observation group, versus 39.7％ and 87.9％ in the control group, and the differences in the markedly effective rate and the total effective rate were statistically significant (P<0.01, P<0.05). The intra-group comparisons showed that the BBS, ICARS and BI scores after treatment and at the follow-up were significantly different from those before treatment in both groups (all P<0.01).There were significant differences in the BBS score between the two groups after treatment and at the follow-up (P<0.05, P<0.01); the between-group differences in the ICARS and BI scores were statistically insignificant after treatment (both P>0.05), while the between-group differences in the ICARS and BI scores were statistically significant at the follow-up (both P<0.05). The interaction effects between the scoring time of BBS and BI and the group factor were statistically significant (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: Mind-refreshing and balance-restoring needling can effectively improve the lower-limb ataxic symptoms and ADL after stroke; when combined with Fenkel exercises, this needling method can produce more significant efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) on the proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in infected wound, and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSFull-thickness skin wounds each with area of 1 cm x 1 cm were produced on the back of 40 C57 BL/6 mice, and then they were contaminated with wild type PA strains PAO1 marked with target gene of bacterial luciferase luxCDABE (PAO1-lux), they were dressed for 24 hours to reproduce PA infection model. Then mice were divided into experiment [E, with treatment of VSD (pressure value at -16.625 kPa)] and control (C, with treatment of conventional dressing change) groups according to the random number table, with 20 mice in each group. The fluorescence intensity of PAO1-lux and blood flow in wound was respectively measured by in vivo optical imaging system and laser Doppler perfusion imager before treatment and at post treatment hour (PTH) 24. The expression levels of IL-1beta and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in wound edge were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR before treatment and at PTH 24. The specimens of wound edge tissue were collected for observation of pathological change at PTH 24. Data were processed with t test.

RESULTSThere were no obvious difference in fluorescence intensity of PAO1-lux and blood flow in wound between E and C groups before treatment (with t value respectively 0.03, 0.50, P values all above 0.05). The fluorescence intensity of PAOl-lux and blood flow in wound in E group at PTH 24 [(2.69 +/- 0.75) photons x s(-1) x cm(-2) x sr(-1) and (96 +/- 9) PU] was respectively lower and higher than that inC group [(5.18 +/- 0.96) photons x s(-1) cm x (-2) x sr(-1) and (70 +/- 11) PU, with t value respectively 3.54, 3.13, P values all below 0.05]. The expression levels of IL-1beta and VEGF mRNA in both groups before treatment were similar (with t value respectively 0.19, 0.07, P values all above 0.05). The expression levels of IL-1beta and VEGF mRNA in E group at PTH 24 was respectively 4.72 +/- 0.37, 2.68 +/- 0.39, all markedly higher than those in C group (2.24 +/- 0.50, 1.22 +/- 0.13, with t value respectively 6.90, 6.12, P values all equal to 0.00). The number of inflammatory cell infiltrating the wound edge in E group at PTH 24 was increased by nearly 77% as compared with that in C group.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with conventional dressing change, VSD can reduce the amount of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in full-thickness skin defect wound at the early stage, it may be related with an increase in blood flow and number of inflammatory cells in wound tissue, promoting expression of IL-1beta and VEGF mRNA.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Pseudomonas Infections ; therapy ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Wound Healing ; Wound Infection ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and therapeutic effect of acellular cadaveric dermis (ACD)-assisted immediate breast reconstruction.

METHODSFrom Sep. 2009 to May 2010, 10 cases received ACD-assisted immediate breast reconstruction. During the operation, the ACD was used to cover inferior and lateral portion of the implants in 2 cases and expanders in 8 cases.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up for an average period of 4 months with satisfactory breast appearance. The complications included infection in 2 cases and dehiscence in 2 cases. But no implant or expander was taken out.

CONCLUSIONSThe ACD-assisted immediate breast reconstruction is a technically simple procedure with minimal morbidity. Satisfactory clinical outcome can be achieved with appropriate candidates.

Acellular Dermis ; Adult ; Breast Implants ; Dermis ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion Devices ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the impacts of acupuncture on intelligent structure, social adaptability and fMRI brain function in children mental retardation (MR).

METHODSSixty cases of MR in compliance with the diagnostic standard were randomized into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 30 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, Sishenzhen [four points, 1.5 cun anterior, posterior and bilateral to Baihui (GV 20)], Zhisanzhen [Shenting (GV 24), bilateral Benshen (GB 13)], Niesanzhen (the point 2 cun directly above the ear a-pex, the two points 1 cun bilateral the first point) and Naosanzhan [Naohu (GV 17) and bilateral Naohu (GB 19)] were selected as the main points. In the medication group, piracetam tablets were prescribed for oral administration. One course of treatment was 4 months in the two groups. The comprehensive efficacy was compared between the two groups at the end of treatment course. China-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) was used to assess the intelligent improvements. Infant-Junior School Student Social Life Ability Scale was adopted to assess the improvements of social adaptability. Five cases were selected from the acupuncture group and fMRI was adopted to compare the brain function imaging changes before and after acupuncture treatment.

METHODSIn the acupuncture group, the final intelligence quotient (FIQ) and social adaptability score after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), of which, the performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) was improved significantly, indicating the statistically significant difference (P<0.05). But the verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) did not change apparently (P>0.05). In the medication group, the changes in all the indices were not apparent before and after treatment (P>0.05). In comparison of the changes after treatment between the two groups, FIQ, PIQ and social adaptability score in the acupuncture group were improved more significantly as compared with the medication group (P<0.05). The fMRI brain function images did not change apparently before and after treatment in those 5 cases of the acupuncture group.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture promotes the intelligent recovery of MR children and improves their social adaptability. It indicates the satisfactory clinical efficacy. But, the fMRI brain function images do not change apparently before and after treatment.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; psychology ; therapy ; Intelligence Tests ; Male ; Social Adjustment ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference of protein expression in the supernatant of heat injured keratinocytes (KC) and normal KC.

METHODSA model of heat injured KC was produced in vitro. The supernatant of normal KC and heat injured KC was collected after culture for 12 hours, and was ultrafiltered and lyophilized to get the protein. The protein sample was separated by immobilized pH gradient based two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The gel was stained and the different expression of protein was analyzed using ImageMaster 2D analysis software.

RESULTS(1) Average protein spots were 1,898 +/- 113, 1,877 +/- 97 in the supernatant of normal and heat injured KC and 1,118 protein spots could be used for statistical analysis. (2) Statistical result showed that 26 protein spots were significantly different between the two groups. 16 protein spots were higher in the supernatant of normal KC and then 10 protein spots were lower in the normal group. (3) 16 protein spots, which included 10 kinds of proteins, were identified successfully as different spots. Lower expression proteins were alpha-enolase, actin cytoplasmic 2, peroxiredoxin-4, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth l in the supernatant of heat injured KC. Higher expression proteins in heat KC were purine nucleoside phosphorylase, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10, proteasome subunit alpha type-7, UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase in the supernatant of heat injured KC.

CONCLUSIONSThe result indicated that there are some significant different expression proteins in the supernatant of normal KC and heat injured KC. These findings provide new data for screening major molecules of tissue repair and finding the mechanism of wound repair.

Cells, Cultured ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Heat-Shock Response ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; metabolism ; Proteome ; metabolism