Purpose:To study the relationship of PRL level in semen and the quality of semen. Methods:Plas-ma PRL level of 20 men and 20 women were determined. Also the semen quality of 10 married and fertiled menfrom the above mentioned group had been examined. Results: The difference of plasma PRL level in men andwomen was of significance. The PRL level in plasma was same to that in blood. Conclusions:PRL has both inhi-bition and activation effect on sperm.

Purpose:To further testify the role of costimulatory molecular B7 in renal ischemia/reperfusion in-jury. Methods:The mRNA transcription level of B7 was assayed with reverse transcription semiquantative poly-merase chain reaction in the uninephrectomized rat model established by warm ischemia/reperfusion. Results :ThemRNA transcription level of B7 was very low in normal and ischemia renal tissue, but was gradually increased af-ter repefusion,and reached peak level at 72 hours after reperfusion; The mRNA transription level of B7 in the is-chemia 60 min reperfusion group was higher than that in the ischemia 30 min reperfusion group. Conclusions :Up-regulation of costimulatory molecular B7 further elucidates the mechanism of relationship between ischemia/reperfusion injury and acute rejection; More heavier ischemia/reperfusion injury, more possible acute rejection.

OBJECTIVESTo detect the changes of DNA ploidy of spermatogenic cells in testis and epididymis.

METHODSRight epididymides and testes from 15 fertile youth donors who died of accident were collected. Samples of spermatogenic cells in different regions of epididymis (caput, corpus and cauda) and tests were collected. DNA of spermatogenic cells were detected by flow cyctometry (FCM).

RESULTSThe haploid(1n), diploid(2n) and tetraploid(4n) spermatogenic cells were existed in different regions of epididymis and testis. The 1n cells increased from (24.87 +/- 7.28)% in testis to (96.33 +/- 1.58)% in epididymis cauda, there were significant differences among regions of testis and epididymis caput, corpus(P < 0.01), and the difference among regions of epididymis corpus and epididymis cauda were also significant(P < 0.05). While the percentages of 2n and 4n cells decreased from (63.07 +/- 8.96)% and (9.43 +/- 3.83)% in tesits to (2.47 +/- 0.93)% and (1.17 +/- 0.95)% in epididymis respectively. There was significant difference of 2n cells between testis and epididymis caput, corpus(P < 0.01), and was also remarkable difference between epididymis corpus and cauda (P < 0.05). There was no difference of 4n cells between testis and epididymis caput(P > 0.05). There were significant difference among regions of epididymis caput, corpus and cauda(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe percentage of immature spermatogenic cells decreased along with passing through the epididymis.

Adult ; DNA ; analysis ; Epididymis ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatogonia ; metabolism ; Testis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify triacylglycerols in coix oil.

METHODHigh performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry was used for identification. The experiment was operated under the conditions: spray voltage at 3 000 V, capillary temperature at 250 degrees C, APCI vaporizer temperature at 400 degrees C, and corona current of 4 microA. Sheath gas pressure (high purity liquid nitrogen) was 35 kPa. Mass spectra were obtained over the m/e range of 300 to 900 amu, scan duration of 1s and Q1 peak width at 0.7. The stationary phase was Zorbax Extend C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase: dichloromethane-acetonitrile (35:65), flow rate: 1 mL x min(-1); column temperature: 25 degrees C.

RESULT12 triacylglycerols were identified by HPLC-MS method.

CONCLUSIONThe result can be used to identify the components in a fingerprint chromatogram of coix oil and its related injection product.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Coix ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of cystic de compression (CD) operation autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(APKD) based on clinical material, experience and related theory. Methods: Thirty-nine APKD received CD operation(unilateral 31 cases, bilateral 8 cas e s) in our hospital from 1985 to 1995. Four main parameters, cystic renal enlargi ng rate(CRER)，lumbar pain recurring rate(LPRR)，blood pressure elevating rate(B PER) and renal function abnormal rate(RFAR), were observed 3, 6, 12, 36 and 60 months after CD operation. And the changes were analyzed based on related theory . Results: The changes of 4 main parameters on 5 different time points post operation in unilateral 31 cases were:（1）CRER 19.4%,38.7%,61.3%,1 0 0% and 100%; （2）LPRR 12.9%,48.4%,71.0%,100% and 100%; （3）BPER 6.5%,22.6%,4 1.9%,71.0% and 96.8%;（4） RFAR 3.2%, 12.9%,22.6%,74.2% and 96.8% respectively. Conclusion: During a short period, CD operation can relieve th e lumbar pain, but it is not certain for improving CRER,BPER and RFAR. in the lo ng run, the therapeutic effect is not sure.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of the Johanson-Blizzard syndrome.

METHODThe clinical characteristics and diagnosing procedure of 1 case with Johanson-Blizzard syndrome were analyzed, and genetic analysis was made in diagnosing procedure, and 28 cases of Johanson-Blizzard syndrome with detailed clinical data were reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTA one year and nine months old girl, who was initially admitted to the hospital because of fatty diarrhea and increased frequency of defecation. Imperforate anus, and aplastic alae nasi was noticed after birth. On physical examination, short stature, mental retardation, tooth abnormalities and scalp defects were observed. Fat globule was found by routine stool test. Serum biochemistry showed an exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, CT scan of the abdomen demonstrated fatty replacement of the pancreas, UBR1 gene analysis showed heterozygous for two missense changes. In all 29 cases, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (72.4%) and hypoplasia of the alae nasi (93%) were the most common clinical manifestations, and sensorineural hearing loss (59%), scalp defects (69%) and hair thinning or upsweep of the hair (44.8%), hypothyroidism (44.8%), absence of permanent teeth (44.8%) and imperforate anus (21%) were also very common, but did not include consanguineous marriage of parents (10.3%).

CONCLUSIONJohanson-Blizzard syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive multisystem disorder, it is characterized by the association of congenital exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and hypoplasia or aplasia of the nasal wings, and can be diagnosed by clinical characteristics and UBR1 gene analysis.

Anus, Imperforate ; Deafness ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Ectodermal Dysplasia ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Growth Disorders ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Nose ; abnormalities ; pathology ; Pancreatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; genetics

The fast development of minimally invasive spine surgery in recent years is based on the advance of endoscopic microsurgery techniques, computer science and medical imaging, as well as the growing concerning of medical humanities.The concept of minimally invasive and precise targeting therapy has been penetrating into various areas of surgery, and minimal tissue damage and fewer complications are the new directions of minimally invasive spine surgery.In this article we review some advances in precise spinal surgery including percutaneous lumbar discectomy, microendoscopic discectomy, computer-assisted orthopedic surgery and robot surgery.

Objective To assess the iodine nutritional status of special target population in coastal saltproducing areas and coastal non-salt-producing areas in Xiamen city,and to provide a basis for take appropriate measures for prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The Xiang-An salt-producing areas and the JiMei non-salt-producing areas were chosen as research spots in 2009.One sample of produced water and 2 samples of tap water were collected to test iodine level; 600 children aged 8 to 10 were selected and thyroid palpation was performed,besides,the urine sample and household salt sample were also collected for iodine determination.Sixty pregnant women,breasffeeding women,and 0 - 2 year old infants were recruited,respectively,and urine samples and household salt samples were collected to perform the determination of iodine level.Results The iodine levels in drinking water of Xiang-An district and Ji-Mei district were 3.23 and 6.05 mg/L,respectively.The consumption rates of edible qualified iodinated salt were 84.4％ (438/519) and 98.3％ (392/399),respectively.The goiter rates of children aged 8 - 10 were 3.03％(19/628) and 0.67％(4/600),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine were 202.80 and 238.40 μg/L,respectively.The proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 50 μg/L were 3.5％ (14/405) and 1.0％(2/202),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of the pregnant women were 120.55 and 153.35 μg/L,respectively,and the proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 150 μg/L were 62.1％ (46/74) and 46.8％ (29/62),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine in three trimester were 173.10,144.75 and 101.90 μg/L,respectively,early trimester of pregnancy ＞ second trimester and third trimester (Z =6.151,3.052,all P ＜ 0.05),second trimester ＞ third trimester (Z =2.016,P ＜ 0.05 ).The medians of urinary iodine of the breastfeeding women were 131.20 and 104.35 μg/L,respectively.The proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 100 μg/L were 35.3％ (24/68) and 46.7％(28/60),respectively.The medians of urinary iodine of the infants were 81.95 and 80.20 μg/L,respectively,the proportions of urinary iodine level ＜ 100 μg/L were 59.7％(37/62) and 61.6％(40/65),respectively,＜ 50 μg/L were 32.3％ (20/62) and 30.8％ (20/65),respectively.Conclusions The levels of iodine nutrition in pregnant women,breastfeeding women,and 0 - 2 year old infants from Xiang-An district and Ji-Mei district in Xiamen city are still below the desired level of iodine nutrition,and the infants and pregnant women in coastal salt-producing areas are poor in iodine nutrition,we should pay close attention.We should strengthen market supervision on iodized salt,carried out iodine nutrition monitoring on pregnant women,breasffeeding women,and infants,and disseminate knowledge of iodine nutrition among high-risk population should be carried out immediately.

OBJECTIVETo detect the infection frequencies of different genotypes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in subgingival samples from chronic periodontitis (CP) patients, and to discuss the correlation between infection with EBV and clinical parameters.

METHODSNested-PCR assay was used to detect EBV-1 and EBV-2 in subgingival samples from 65 CP patients, 65 gingivitis patients and 24 periodontally healthy individuals. The amplicons were further identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) with endonucleases Afa I and Stu I. Clinical parameters mainly included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL) in six sites of the dentition.

RESULTSIn CP patients, gingivitis and periodontally healthy individuals, the infection frequencies were 47.7%, 24.6% and 16.7% for EBV-1, and 15.4%, 7.7% and 0% for EBV-2, respectively. In 2 out of the 65 CP patients co-infection of EBV-1 and EBV-2 was found. The positive rate of EBV-1 in chronic periodontitis patients was higher than that in gingivitis patients (P=0.01) and periodontally healthy individuals (P=0.01). But no significant difference was shown in EBV-1 frequency between gingivitis patients and healthy individuals (P>0.05) or in EBV-2 frequency among the three groups (P>0.05). In CP patients, higher mean BOP value was found in EBV-1 or EBV-2 positive patients than that in EBV negative ones (P<0.01), but with no statistical difference in the mean PD or AL value between EBV positive and negative patients (P>0.05). After initial periodontal treatment, 12 out of the 21 EBV-1 positive CP patients did not show detectable EBV-1 in subgingival samples.

CONCLUSIONnPCR plus RFLP analysis is a sensitive, specific and stable method to detect EBV-1 and EBV-2 in subgingival samples. Subgingival infection with EBV-1 is closely associated with chronic periodontitis. Infection of EBV in subgingival samples was correlated with BOP.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; Comorbidity ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Gingivitis ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericoronitis ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSThe serum anti-HHV-6 antibody titers from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and control subjects were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. HHV-6 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and control subjects was amplified by PCR with primers from sequence of HHV-6 and the specificity was confirmed by Southern-blot hybridization with an internal probe oligonucleotide. An immunohistochemical staining using rabbit anti-HHV-6 antibody was used to detect HHV-6 antigen in oral tumor tissues from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

RESULTSSignificantly higher proportion of patients with oral carcinoma (16/16) had IgG antibody to HHV-6 in sera compared with those (12/16) in control subjects, and geometric mean titer of these two groups was 1:118 and 1:64 respectively (P less than 0.05). The detectable rate of HHV-6 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for the above groups was 10/16 and 6/16 respectively (P less than 0.05). HHV-6 antigens were positive in 9 out of 12 oral tumor cases and in only 2 out of 8 pericancerous tissues the difference between these two groups was also significant (P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrated the frequent presence of HHV-6 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, therefore, HHV-6 possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Herpesviridae Infections ; complications ; virology ; Herpesvirus 6, Human ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Infant ; Mouth Neoplasms ; virology