Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; pathology ; Paeonia ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Substance P ; pharmacology

Using colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 as testing material, adhesion test was carried out for 24 strains of Bifidobacteria isolated from dejecta of longevous people aged one hundred years. The results showed that all strains could adhere to colon adenocarcinoma cells HT-29, among which the strains of TTF, Z2, TZ5 and (J-1) showed higher adhesive capability. Thus these four strains of Bifidobacteria were further tested for their endurance to stomach acid and bile acid. The production of vitamin B by these bacterial were also tested. All these tests indicated that the strain of TTF has high ability to produce Vitamin B_(1), B_(2), B_(6), B_(12), The survival rate after the treatment under pH 3.0 for 120 min was 93.11%, at the same time, the strain TTF can survive after being treated with 2% bile acid for 24h.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors which influence the safety and prognosis of aorta replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with coronary artery disease.

METHODSFrom May 1982 to October 2002, 67 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm were admitted, and 24 of them combined with CABG. Of the 24 patients, 9 received descending aorta replacement combined with CABG, and the other 15 received the ascending aorta replacement combined with CABG. The treatment results were compared with the other 43 patients only undergoing the thoracic aortic replacement.

RESULTSThe mortality rate of the patients with aorta replacement combined with CABG was 13% (3/24). Though the descending aorta replacement combined with CABG could make the cardiopulmonary bypass time and selective cerebral perfusion time longer, (278 +/- 54) min and (188 +/- 59) min respectively, no significant difference was observed in postoperative complications, 3-year survival rate, 3-year-cardiac-event-free rate compared with the patients only undergoing the thoracic aortic replacement (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe aorta replacement combined with CABG can be performed safely, and the revascularization for coronary artery disease is useful for preventing occurrence of cardiac events.

Aorta, Thoracic ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the changes of oxidative stress level in brain tissues and serum, and learning and memory in rats with oxidative stress level in nerve damage in chronic fluorosis. Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the body weight, eight rats in each group, i.e., control group, drinking water containing less than 0.5 mg/L of fluoride; lower fluoride exposure group, drinking water containing 5 mg/L of fluoride; higher fluoride exposure group, drinking water containing 50 mg/L of fluoride. The animals were examined six months after initiating the experiment. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as learning and memory, were measured. Results Escape latency in higher fluoride exposed group[ (14.37±3.48)s] was significantly higher than that of controls[ (5.84±1.87)s] and exposed te lower fluoride [ (7.18±1.42)s], the difference being statistically signifieant(P<0.05). As compared with controls[ (2.17±0.11)× 103 U/L , (0.79±0.11)×103 U/g Pr] ,the rats exposed to higher fluoride and lower fluoride exhibited lower levels of T-AOC [(1.37±0.27)×103 U/L,(0.24±0.06)×103 U/g Prand (1.20±0.14) x 103 U/L,(0.41 ~ 0.10)×103 U/g Pr], the difference being statistically signifieant(P<0.05). As compared with controls[ (2.34±0.16) mmoL/L, (2.97±0.11)mmol/g Pr] and low fluoride exposed group[ (2.68±0.33)mmoL/L, (3.38±0.21)mmol/g Pr], higher level of MDA were observed in higher fluoride exposed group[ (3.72±0.59)retool/L, (4.01±0.21)mmol/g Pr], the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that higher amount of fluoride induced an increased level of oxidation, which might result in the decreased capacity of intelligence of rats with fluorosis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of a health education and behavior intervention project,and to provide.a scientific basis for brucellosis control.Methods By stratified cluster sampling method,target population from 6 township in Meilisi District were randomly selected to carry out baseline survey.Of these 6 townships 4 were selected as intervention townships,and two as control townships.A health education and behavior intervention program was carried out in intervention townships,and after intervention target population from 6 township were participated in the questionnaire survey.Results Awareness rate of common sense knowledge of farmers in intervention townships was 84.33％ (5237/6210) after intervention which was significantly higher than 53.56％ (2003/3740),before the intervention (x2 =112.49,P ＜ 0.01),and also higher than 54.15 ％ (1787/3300) of the control after the intervention (x2 =101.53,P ＜ 0.01).Average awareness rate(82.13％,2550/3105) of common sense on prevention after intervention was significantly higher than 58.77％(1099/1870) before the intervention (x2 =57.19,P ＜ 0.01).After intervention,average awareness rate of common sense on prevention was significantly higher than that of the average of control townships (70.36％,1161/1650,x2 =25.49,P ＜ 0.01).The awareness rate of treatment before intervention was 36.80％ (116/299),which increased to 76.36％ (436/571)after intervention (x2 =119.38,P ＜ 0.01).After the intervention the awareness rate of intervention townships was significantly higher than that of the controls (33.72％,88/261,x2 =139.69,P ＜ 0.01).In survey of these high-risk behavior in intervention townships,in addition to cattle and sheep which were regularly immunized in the intervention townships(35.91％,121/337),and the control townships(32.01％,97/303,x2 =1.08,P ＞ 0.05) and their difference was not significant,other processing such asapoblema,killing cattle,sheep,cattle to deliver,cutting the wool,regular disinfection,and accuracy of high-risk behavior protection were significantly higher than those of controls[89.83％(106/l18),91.07％(51/56),84.75％(150/177),66.67％(32/48),73.78％(242/328),51.22％(42/82),75.56％(34/45),33.69％(63/187),27.78％(15/54),21.63％(61/282),x2 value were 38.00,5.82,103.84,15.84 and 173.67,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion After implementation of health education and behavioral intervention,farmers brucellosis prevention knowledge and awareness of risk behaviors have significantly improved,which have achieved the desired effect.

Objective To observe the long term effects of arthroscopic knee debridement and reconstructing operation for treating osteoarthritis in patients with Kaschin-Beck disease. Methods Thirty-one cases of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were followed for 6 years after operation of articular clearing by arthroscope. Index of pain, symptoms of self-evaluation, range of motion, walking distance, standing test by affected leg when bending at 30° or 60° were recorded and compared with the preoperative results. Results Twenty-four cases were followed up for 6 years. Six years after operation the pain index(3.38 ± 2.87) was dramatically decreased compared to that before operation (6.88 ± 1.45, t = 5.30, P ＜ 0.05). Patients symptoms markedly improved by subjective self-evaluation was 70.83% (17/24), the effective rate was 100% (24/24). The number of cases that could stand up when leg bending at 30° or 60° were 21,18 cases, respectively, compared with that of preoperative of 14, 11 cases, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(x2 = 5.17,4.27, all P ＜ 0.05). Six years after operation the walking distance(3 cases ＜ 1 km, 11 cases 1 - 5 km and 10 cases ＞ 5 km) were greatly improved compared to the results before operation (12 cases ＜ 1 km, 9 cases 1 - 5 km and 3 cases ＞ 5 km, U = 2.88, P ＜0.05). Six years after operation the knee activity[(132.25 ± 14.52)°] remained at the same level, compared with that of preoperative [(131 .58 ± 14.68) °], the difference was not statistically significant (t = 0.16, P ＞ 0.05) .Conclusions The method of arthroscopic joint debridement to cure Kaschin-Beck disease knee osteoarthritis can significantly reduce pain, improve function and walking distance, with more stable long-term satisfactory outcome.

Objective To investigate the expression of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase(JNK) in rat brains with chronic fluorosis and try to reveal the molecular mechanism for the neural impairment induced by the disease.Methods The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, normal control group(drinking water containing less than 0.5 mg/L of sodium fluoride, NaF), lower fluoride exposed group(drinking water containing 5 mg/L NaF) and higher fluoride exposed group(drinking water containing 50 mg/L NaF), 24 in every group. The rats were examined at the sixth month after feeding. The concentration of fluorine in urine and blood was detected by F-ion selective electrode. The expression of JNK in brains was investigated by using Western blotting and immunohitochemistry staining, and analyze the correlation between activating of JNK and the concentration of fluorine in blood. Results The increased concentration of fluorine in urine(control: 0.92 ± 0.30, lower fluoride exposed group: 2.56 ± 0.91,higher fluoride exposed group: 5.73 ± 3.14, P ＜ 0.05) were observed when 6 months after the beginning of the experiment, and the amount of fluorine in blood was also higher in rats with fluorosis(control: 0.12 ± 0.07, lower fluoride exposed group: 0.36 ± 0.14, higher fluoride exposed group: 0.50 ± 0.18, P ＜ 0.05). The expression of phospho-JNK at protein levels were higher in the brains of rats with fluorosis than that of controls (control: 1.00 ± 0.37, lower fluoride exposed group: 1.20 ± 0.28, higher fluoride exposed group: 1.74 ± 0.69, P ＜ 0.05), whereas no change of total-JNK was found(F = 0.046, P ＞ 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of phospho-JNK in the parietal cortex(119.3 ± 14.1), occipital cortex(112.7 ± 5.4), hippocampus CA3(100.6 ± 8.9), dorsal thalamus (117.8 ± 10.4) and olivary nucleus( 112.6 ± 5.9) of rats in higher fluoride exposed group were higher than that in control( 104.1 ± 8.9,106.6 ± 9.6,106.6 ± 9.7,108.9 ± 6.4,100.3 ± 8.4, all P ＜ 0.05) and lower fluoride exposed group(96.7 ± 17.1,102.5 ± 8.3,106.4 ± 6.5,110.2 ± 9.3,102.4 ± 4.7,102.5 ± 9.8, all P＜ 0.05). The positive stained neurons of total-JNK also distributed in the same brain regions of rats, but no difference was detected between the rats with fluorosis and controls(all P ＞ 0.05). The increased level of phospho-JNK was positively correlated with the fluoride contents in blood of the rats with fluorosis (r = 0.677). Conclusions The expression of phospho-JNK in brains of rats with fluorosis was significantly increased with a correlation to fluoride content in blood, which might be connected to the mechanism of neural impairment induced by chronic fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the expression of extraeellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2)pathway in rat brains with fluorosis and the effects of fluoride on learning and memory of the rats,and to reveal the mechanisms of damaged nervous system resulted from the toxicity of the ion.Methods Seventy-two SD rats were divided into 3 groups and 24 rats were in each group.Three groups were fed respectively with different concentrations of fluoride(NaF)for 6 months to establish rat models with fluorosis.Controls were fed with tap water (NaF＜0.5 mg/L):lower and higher concentration group were fed with water containing NaF(5,50 ms/L).Animals are sacrificed after 6 months of treatment with fluoride and the dissected brains were kept for analysis.The protein levels of ERK1/2 in rat brains were detected by Western-blotting and the mRNA level by RT-PCR. The spatial learning and memorizing ability was measured by Morris water maze test. Results The ERK1/2 protein in control group,lower and higher concentration group was 0.944±0.10,1.253±0.02,1.953±0.07,the differece being statistieally sighificant between any two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The phospho-ERKl/2 protein in control group,lower and higher concentration group was 0.73±0.08,0.77±0.07,1.28±0.11,the differece being statistieally sighificant between any two groups(P ＜ 0.05);the activation rate of phospho-ERK1/2 in lower and higher concentration group [(68.4± 3.8)%,(64.1±3.2)%] was decreased compared to control group[ (82.3±10.7)%],the differece being significant(P ＜ 0.05). In the navigation trial,longer escape latencies of lower concentration group on the second, the third,the fifth and the sixth day were observed[ (46.0±8.0),(24.0±2.7),(8.9±5.3),(7.4±4.1 )s] compared to the control[ (39.3±6.9),(19.1±9.1 ),(8.3±3.4),(4.8±2.7)s],the differece being significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 );the similar results were also observed in the higher concentration group[ (36.9±16.8),(37.7±12.9), (19.7±7.6),(12.2±5.7 )s],and the escape latencies of the higher concentration group on the third,the fifth and the sixth day were longer than that in lower concentration group. In the probe test,the rats took more time to reach the first cross in lower and higher concentration group[(1.17±0.75),(4.18±1.10)s] than control group[ (5.89± 0.56 ) s ],the differece being significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ) ;stayed shorter [ ( 17.05±4.25 ),(18.20±4.57 ) s ] than control [(25.37±5.65 )s ] in platform area (P ＜ 0.01 );the activation rates of ERK1/2 were directly correlated with the time taken to reach the first cross platform located in the probe test(r = 0.364,P ＜ 0.05) and the activation rates were also directly correlated with the escape latencies on the sixth day(r = 0.497,P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure of excessive fluoride induces the change of expression and activating rate of the ERK1/2 in rat brains,leading to the decreased capacity of learning and memory.

LB.