Objective To investigate the proliferation and identification of dendritic cells(DC)de- rived from peripheral blood of patients with bladder cancer in vitro.Methods The mononuclear cells were prepared from peripheral blood of patients with bladder cancer by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation method,and were induced by the recombinant cytokines hGM-CSF(50 ng/ml),hlL-4(10 ng/ml)and hTNF-?(50 ng/ ml)for 2 weeks.The growth and morphology of DC were observed through the phase contrast or electron mi- croscope,and their pheuotypes were determined by flow cytometry.The capacity of DC to activate T cell-de- pendent anti-tumor immune responses was tested by MTT method.Results The DC cultured in vitro turned into suspensive growth from adhesive situation on the 6th day,then the number of DC increased con- tinuously and the cells showed the irregular morphologic appearance of DC with veiled edges on the 8th day. Flow cytometry showed that the mature DC expressed high levels of specific markers such as CD_(1a),CD_(83), CD_(86)and HLA-DR.T cells activated by DC showed strong cytotoxicity to bladder cancer cell line BIU87 with a killing rate of(48.8?3.7)%,while the killing rate of T cells which were not activated by DC was(25.7?1.5)%;the difference of the rate between them was significant(P＜0.01). Conclusions The DC can be cultured from peripheral blood of patients with bladder cancer by induction of rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4 and hT- NF-?in vitro.This may lay an experimental foundation for further research on DC vaccine.

This research was a part of the investigation of traditional Chinese medicine resources survey in Markam. The medicinal plants in natural reserve were studied for the first in this paper. There were 300 species in 202 genera of 54 families, among them there were 7 species of ferns in 5 genera of 5 families, 6 species of gymnosperms in 4 genera of 3 families, and 287 species of angiosperms in 194 genera of 61 families. There were 166 species Tibetan medicinal plants in 102 genera of 47 families. Quantitative analysis was carried out in 6 aspects of family and genus composition, medicinal parts, drug properties, flavour of a drug, Tibetan medicine, toxicity and new plants. The concrete suggestions of protection and exploitation were put forward, which provided scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of medicinal plants in this area.
Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; Tibet

The biochemical mechanism of degrading keratins by S.fradiae var S-221 was primarily studied.The compounds (Na_ 2 SO_ 4 , Na_ 2 SO_ 3 and sulfdryl acohol), which respecitively enhance specific activity of keratinase, activate keratinase intensively and mainly act on the disulfide bonds reductase in the keratinase, Na_ 2 SO_ 3 activates intensively both disulfide bonds reductase and polypeptide hydrolytase at 0.01 mol/L, whereas Na_ 2 S_ 2 O_ 3 , which acts on the disulfide bonds reductase, inhibits keratinase.On the condition that substrate, keratins exists, S.fradiae var S-221 is induced to produce exo-keratinase, which is a multiproteinase, containing disulfide bonds reductase, which is a key enzyme degrading keratins, then, with polypeptidic, hydrolytase, graduately hydrolyzates denatured keratins into polypeptides, oligopeptides and free amino acids, so that keratins have been decomposed completely.Sulfur in the keratins was transferred into sulfhydryl compounds, H_ 2 S and sulfates in the course of keratinolysine.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of gemcitabine in enhancing the radiosensitivity of hepatoma cell line HepG2 and explore its mechanisms.

METHODSClonogenic survival assay is employed to calculate the ratios of L-Q model radiation biology parameters and radiosensitization after different doses of irradiation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in HepG2 cell cycle and apoptosis rate after gemcitabine treatment and radiation exposure.

RESULTSThe survival fraction at 2 Gy of HepG2 cells treated with gemcitabine was significantly lower, and the value of alpha was significantly higher than those of untreated cells. GEM treatment increased the percentage of radiation-induced G0/G1 phase cells and cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONGemcitabine can significantly enhance the radiosensitivity of HepG2 cells by enhancing radiation-induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; drug effects ; Deoxycytidine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Radiation Tolerance ; drug effects ; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents ; pharmacology

Two trace impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) with a simple and sensitive method suitable for HPLC/MSn analysis. The fragmentation behavior of lisinopril and the impurities was investigated, and two unknown impurities were elucidated as 2-(6-amino-1-(1-carboxyethylamino)-1-oxohexan-2-ylamino)-4-phenylbutanoic acid and 6-amino-2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpro-pylamino)-hexanoic acid on the basis of the multi-stage mass spectrometry and exact mass evidence. The proposed structures of the two unknown impurities were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments after preparative isolation.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Contamination ; Lisinopril ; analysis ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

Objective To investigate proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(~1H-MRS)findings and value on dog's brain contusion and laceration.Methods Models of focal brain contusion and laceration in 10 dogs were established through hitting on the right frontal-parietal lobe with a freely drop of 200g weight at 1.3 m height.Serial examinations(1 h,24 h,72 h,5 day,8 day and 14 day after trauma)were performed with conventional MRI and ~1H-MRS.NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho rates were analyzed with GE system 1.5 T scanner and relative software.After examination,all dogs were executed to death. Pathological study was performed at local brain contusion.Results 1 h and 24 h-post trauma,NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho were significantly reduced(NAA/Cr 0.843?0.214,0.862?0.204,contralateral ones 1.069?0.284,1.048?0.232,t=-7.227,-6.718,Cho/Cr 1.181?0.224,1.243?0.134,contralateral 1.415?0.305,1.455?0.159,t=-4.332,-4.489,NAA/Cho 0.701?0.147,0.536?0.136, contralateral 0.832?0.245,0.613?0.165,t=-2.652,-2.665.P＜0.05).Microscopy showed focal petechial hemorrhage and necrosis,neuron loss,neuraxonal swelling and small glial cell slightly hyperplasia.Five day post trauma,Cho/Cr was significantly elevated in comparison with contralateral ones (1.517?0.197,contralateral 1.387?0.214,t=3.758.P＜0.05).Pathologically,inflammatory was obvious,peri-angiitis,granula tissue and fibrosis were seen.8—14 day later,NAA/Cr was not significantly reduced(0.895?0.105,0.875?0.153,contralateral 0.989?0.169,0.990?0.173,t=-2.909, -2.471.P＞0.05),Cho/Cr was significantly increased(1.457?0.168,1.572?0.374,contralaterl 1.334?0.174,1.366?0.352,t=7.312,3.201.P＜0.05)Inflammatory and gila1 hyperplasia was more significant,granuloma were seen.Lipid and Lac peak were not seen at all stages.Conclusion MRS could be a methods to monitor neuron injury and repair,and dynamically to detect the metabolic changes of brain contusion and laceration,reflecting injury severity and provide theory data for early treatment and predicting long-term outcome after trauma.

OBJECTIVETo compare the positive rate of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in sera of patients with severe viral hepatitis between 1984-1990 year and 1997-2003 year.

METHODSSerum anti-HCV was detected by enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was detected by the first generation (1st) ELISA (Ortho Co. USA) in 79 cases of severe viral hepatitis during 1984-1990 year, and it was detected by the second generation (2nd) ELISA (Xiamen Xingchuang Co. China) in 251 cases of severe viral hepatitis during 1997-2003 year.

RESULTSThe positive rate of serum anti-HCV was 51.9% detected by the 1st ELISA in 79 cases of severe viral hepatitis during 1984-1990 year, and it was 1.2% detected by the 2nd ELISA in 251 cases of severe hepatitis during 1997-2003 year (chi2 = 133.68, P

CONCLUSIONTo compare with the positive rate of serum antibody to hepatitis C virus in severe viral hepatitis detected by the 1st ELISA, it was lower that detected by the 2nd ELISA

Adult ; Aged ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVEIn order to compare the efficacy of two kinds of membrane plasma separator on the treatment of patients with severe hepatitis B.

METHODS63 cases suffering from chronic severe hepatitis B were divided into two groups, 25 cases were treated with plasma exchange using Evacure-4A membrane plasma separator (A group) or 38 cases were using PS-06 membrane plasma separator (B group). Both of them also were treated with similar basic medical treatment. The level of serum total bilirubin, non-conjugated bilirubin, prothrombin time and albumin were tested at baseline and the end of the treatment with PE.

RESULTSEvacure-4A and PS-06 membrane plasma separators can effientively remove bilirubin, the levels of serum total bilirubin, non-conjugated bilirubin of all patients were significantly decreased after treated with PE. In A group, the level of serum total bilirubin, non-conjugated bilirubin decreased from (464.2+/-193.8)micromol/L to (279.4+/-158.7)micromol/L, (293.5+/-129.1)micromol/L to (175.5+/-106.7)micromol/L (t=5.45, 10.36, P<0.01) respectively. In B group, the level of serum total bilirubin, non-conjugated bilirubin decreased from (493.2+/-126.9)micromol/L to (299.7+/-96.5)micromol/L, (300.2+/-74.3)micromol/L to (171.5+/-53.1)micromol/L (t=5.17, 12.04, P<0.01) respectively. The level of serum albumin increased after treated with PE in A and B groups, to contrast with PS-06, the increasing percentage of albumin was higher when the patients were treated with PE using Evacure-4A membrane plasma separator [(8.3+/-0.7) % vs. (3.4+/-9.3) %, t = 2.76, P<0.01].

CONCLUSIONEvacure-4A membrane plasma separator may be better than PS-06 membrane plasma separator on the treatment of patients with chronic severe hepatitis B.

Adult ; Aged ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Exchange ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVESTo explore the clinical, pathological features and prognosis of patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

METHODSFrom January 1998 to January 2008, clinical data of 29 patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma including clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, treatment models, pTNM stages and follow-up results, were summarized to investigate its features and prognosis.

RESULTSAll cases had no obvious clinical and preoperative imaging presentation. There were 23 patients underwent radical nephrectomy, and 6 cases underwent nephron sparing surgery. Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Macroscopically, the cut surface of the tumors were generally beige in color. Histologically, it showed polygonal chromophobe cells and small round eosinophilic cells with eccentric hyaline degeneration. These tumor cells had a clear and sharp membrane, lightly stained abundant cytoplasm with a fine reticular translucent pattern and irregular nuclei. And a perinuclear halo was often seen in these cells. Histochemically, the tumor cells generally show a diffuse and strong reaction for CK-8 with a negative expression of Vimentin. The pTNM stages of the tumor were as follows, pT1N0M0 in 11 cases, pT2N0M0 in 8 cases, pT3aN0M0 in 5 cases, pT1N1M0 in 3 cases, pT2N1M0 in 2 cases. Twenty-six cases of patients were followed up (24 to 144 months, with an average of 90 months), 3 cases died of cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and local recurrence involved in 6 cases with reoperation in 4 cases, as well as distant metastasis in 1 case. Twenty-one cases survived with tumor-free. The statistical results indicated that the survival rates of the patients with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in five years and ten years were 83.9%, 77.9%, respectively, compared with renal cell carcinoma of the same stage 63.8% and 49.9% at the same periods, and there is no difference in the survival rate of five years (P > 0.05) but significant difference in that of ten years (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSChromophobe renal cell carcinoma is a morphologically uncommon subtype of renal cell carcinoma with the good prognosis. Definite diagnosis depends on its typical pathological feature. Radical nephrectomy is the first choice for the treatment of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the therapy effect of long term lamivudine treatment on active cirrhosis following chronic hepatitis B, and explore the methods for abnormalities resulting from lamivudine withdrawing.

METHODS58 patients received lamivudine 100 mg orally everyday for 18 months. The changes were observed and wrote down, including clinical symptoms and signs, aminotransferase, virology indexes, and the abnormalities after lamivudine withdrawing, then further to find out plans for the latter.

RESULTS(1) After lamivudine treatment, there were 35 patients whose situation stabilized, life quality improved, child-pugh score declined, and liver function turned better. (2) The level of HBV DNA decreased at least 10(3) copies/ml. HBeAg of 33.3% patients (13/39) became negative. (3) Among the 10 patients who stopped lamivudine of their own accord, and came again after 3 - 6 months because of hepatitis B recurring, two were treated with interferon for one month, then turning to liver-protecting methods for deteriorating, the other eight only received liver-protecting and immune-regulating treatment, whose liver function improved.

CONCLUSIONSLong term treatment with lamivudine for active cirrhosis following chronic hepatitis B can improve liver function and life quality, prevent exacerbation. And it is not advisable to use interferon for hepatitis B relapsing after lamivudine withdrawing.

Adult ; Aged ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Virus Replication ; drug effects