Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Female ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; analysis ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; analysis ; Proteome ; analysis ; Proteomics ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

[Objective]The present study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of symptomatic adjacent segment disease after anterior cervical interbody fusion(ACIF),and to identify the factors which are related to the development of this disease.[Method]From 1981 to 1997,a total of 160 patients underwent anterior cervical in terbody fusion for intervertebral disc herniation and cervical spondylosis.A total of 112 patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for more than two years.Of them,74 were men and 38 were women,the average age at operation was 51 years(ranged,31~70 years).Of the 112 patients,66 had one,44 had two and 2 had three levels of fusion.Follow-up evaluation was primarily viaclinical visited.The post-operative course of any symptoms,the findings of neurological examination and serial follow-up radiographs were performed in all patients.The diagnosis of symptomatic adjacent segment disease was based on the presence of new radiculopathy or myelopathy symptoms referable to an adjacent level,and the presence of a compressive lesion at an adjacent level by magnetic resonance imaging or myelography.We evaluated the correlation between the incidence of symptomatic adjacent segment disease and the following clinical parameters(age at operation sex,number of the levels fused)and radiological parameters(preoperative cervical spine alignment,preoperative range of motion of C_(2~7) cervical spine,antero-posterior spinal canal diameter,preoperative existence of an adjacent segment degeneration on plain radiograph,myelography and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).[Result]The average length of follow-up was 9.4 years(ranged,2 to 19 years).Symptomatic adjacent segment disease developed in 19 out of 112 patients(19%)followed.A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed in order to follow the disease-free survival of the entire series of patients.The disease free survival rates were 89% at 5 years,84% at 10 years and 67% at 17 years.The incidences of indentation of dura matter on pre-operative myelography or disc protrusion on MRI at the adjacent level were significantly higher in disease cases(P=(0.0 087),(0.0 299),respectively;Chi-square test).Howerer,the other parameters did not show a statistically significant difference.There were 7 cases(37%)who had failure of non-operative treatment and additional operations were performed.[Conclusion]The incidence of symptomatic adjacent segment disease after ACIF was higher when pre-operative myelography or MRI revealed asymptomatic disc degeneration at that level regardless of the number of the level number fused,pre-operative alignment,spinal canal diameter of fusion alignment.

[Objective]Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCFs)are commonly multiple fractures and this study is aimed to explore how to determine the symptomatical fractured vertebrae as well as the pitfalls in treating OVCFs using percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP).[Method]Forty-eight OVCFs patients(78 vertebrae)undergoing PVP were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients had anteroposterior and lateral plain X-rays as well as T1W1,T2W1 and fat-compressing(STIR)MR images preoperatively.The symptomatical fractured vertebrae were determined with combination of regional pain、X-rays and MR images.Of all the patients,36 were injected unilaterally while 12 were injected bilaterally.The mean injected volume of PMMA were 3-7 ml.[Result]The back pain of all the patients were relieved to different degrees postoperatively.The back pain completely disappeared in 30 patients while the left back pain was not improved though the right back pain disappeared in 2 patients who were injected via right approach.The back pain almost disappeared but the bilateral rib pain was not improved in 1 patient with T8 vertebral fracture.No severe complications including pulmonary emboli occurred.[Conclusion]The symptomatical fractured vertebrae should be determined comprehensively not only based on preoperative X-rays but also on the MR images,especially fat-compressing MR images.Only when the fractured vertebrae demonstrate low intensity on T1W1 MR image and high-intensity on T2W1 or fat-compressing MR image can we consider them new fractures.Otherwhise,the fractured vertebrae are considered old fractures and they see no necessity to be injected.The injection should reach the most severely fractured part and if necessary the bilateral approaches are considered.PMMA should be injected after the bone cements are solid enough so as not to develop complications such as pulmonary emboli.

Humans ; Mandible ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral

Objective To evaluate the renal cortical blood perfusion changes in rabbits with acute renal failure (ARF) with gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and to explore the relationship between these changes and the blood creatinine (SCr), as well as the blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Methods Rabbit ARF models were established with 50% glycerin injected into the rabbits' thighs. Gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed on the day before injection (T_0) and 1, 4, 8, 12 days (T_1, T_4, T_8, T_(12)) after injection. The renal cortex perfusion time-intensity curve (TIC) was analyzed, including parameters like arrival time (AT), time to peak intensity (TTP), amplitude of peak intensity (A) and slope rate of TIC (β) of renal cortex. Meanwhile the SCr and BUN were measured, the correlation between SCr, BUN and parameters were analyzed. Results Compared with the value of T_0, the value of TTP, A, β after injection (T_1, T_4, T_8) were statistically different, respectively (P<0.05), but the differences among T_1, T_4 and T_8 were various. No linear correlation between above parameters and SCr, BUN was found. Conclusion The renal cortical blood perfusion changes can be early observed with gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasound, but there is no linear correlation between the changes of parameters and SCr, BUN.

Aim To study the changes of the biological behavior of dermal fibroblasts in Ⅲ skin burns wound in rats using chitosan.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows:1% chitosan(W/V)group,2% chitosan(W/V)group,4% chitosan(W/V)group,bFGF(basic fibroblast growth factor) group and the control group.Rats were made for Ⅲ skin burns.The wound healing time was recorded,and the wound healing rate was calculated.Then the cell cycle and apoptotic dermal fibroblasts were determined and the amount of Hydroxyproline(HOP) in the skin tissue was analyzed.Results The wound healing rate of 4% chitosan(W/V) group was higher and the wound healing time of 4% chitosan(W/V) group was shorter than that of the control group.On the 7th,14th day post-injury,the content of protein of 4% chitosan(W/V) group was higher than that of the control group.The content of HOP of 2% and 4% chitosan(W/V) group was highest on the 7th day post-injury. Compared with that in control group,the percentage of cells of S stage in 4% chitosan(W/V) group was aboundant,and was reduced in apoptotic dermal fibroblasts.Conclusion The changes of cellular biological behaviors might be one of the mechanisms of that Chitosan could promote the wound healing of Ⅲ skin burns in rats significantly.

Objective To evaluate the effects of a comprehensive intervention including regular aerobic exercise and health education on knowledge,attitude,belief,practice (KAP) scores,body mass index (BMI),waist circumferences,blood pressure,serum glucose and lipid levels in middle-aged and elderly people with overweight and obesity.Methods Three resident communities were chosen randomly from Wangdingdi community in Nankai district in Tianjin.Totally 125 overweight people were involved in this study,62 and 63 people were randomly assigned to intervention group and control group respectively.The members of intervention group were asked to participate in aerobic exercise and health education program 3 times per week within 6 months.And control group members received no intervention.Then to evaluate the effects of intervention of regular aerobic exercise and health education by physical examination and questionnaire.Comparison between intervention group and control group was performed using a repeatedmeasures analysis of variance.Results The comprehensive intervention resulted in significant improvement of the KAP scores [13.82 (95％CI:12.42-15.23)] and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [0.22(95％ CI:0.17-0.28) mmol/L] and reductions in intervention group in body mass index [-0.47 (95％ CI:-0.58-0.36) kg/m2],waist circumference [-4.00 (95％ CI:-5.01--2.99) cm],systolic blood pressure [-11.69 (95％ CI:-13.84--9.55) mmHg] (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),fasting plasma glucose [-1.21 (95％ CI:-1.55--0.88) mmol/L],triglyceride [-0.06 (95％ CI:-0.25-0.13) mmol/L],low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [-0.48 (95％ CI:-0.62--0.34) mmol/L].Conclusion Regular aerobic exercise and health education program in community can successfully reduce body mass index,waist circumference and some other risk factors related to overweight and obesity.It is effective to improve awareness,physical fitness,change lifestyle for middle-aged and elderly people in the community.

AlM:To investigate the effect of teaching mode of problem- based learning ( PBL ) in the teaching of medical students' clinical ophthalmology.
METHODS: Five classes ( total 148 students ) were randomly selected as experimental group, using PBL method, at the same time another 5 classes ( total 151 students) were also randomly selected as control group, using lecture-based learning ( LBL) mode in 2010 grade. The scores of the experimental group were compared with control at the end of term. ln addition, students and teachers were respectively interviewed using self -administered questionnaire to obtain their evaluation for PBL practice.
RESULTS:The mean scores of PBL group (78. 35±7. 63) were significantly higher than control group (71. 68±6. 37) (P<0. 001). Most of students thought that their ability of referring, synthesizing and analyzing information was enhanced by PBL, and their skills both in written and oral were also improved. PBL made it easier to understand the contexts of course. lt was the best way to improve the effect of teaching in ophthalmology based on the increase of quality in novitiate that gives more chance to students of contacting with practice, developing the ability of clinical thinking and verifying the theory in clinical novitiate. Lots of teachers considered that the classroom atmosphere was more active, students were becoming more and more proactive on their classes and the relationship between students and teachers were more harmonious when PBL was used.
CONCLUSlON:Using PBL teaching mode can highly improve the teaching effectiveness of clinical epidemiology, which is worth popularizing.

Objective To find out the consumption situation of iodized salt in Baotou, identify problems and take appropriate intervention measures, and to provide scientific basis for further consolidating the results of control measures, strengthening and improving the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods Three batches of each quarter, 54 salt samples were sampled in Donghe wholesale division and Qingkun wholesale division in Baotou city salt company during 2008 - 2010; each place of Damaoqi, Baiyun district, and Qingshan district were divided into five sampling areas according to the direction of east, west, south, north, and central position, one school was selected in each district, 30 students aged 8 to 10 from each school were selected, and home salt samples were taken, and salt iodine was tested by direct titration(GB/T 13025.7-1999). Results Qualified rate of wholesale iodized salt was 100%(378/378) during 2008 - 2010, and mean salt iodine was 30.4 mg/kg;qualified rate of household iodized salt was 99.8%(2417/2421 ), and mean salt iodine was 30.4 mg/kg; iodized salt coverage rate was 99.6% (2421/2430) and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.4% (2417/2430).Conclusions Qualified rate of iodized salt, coverage rate of qualified iodized salt and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt are 90% or more, which has reached the standard of sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.