Perioperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer has made steady progress with the application of chemotherapeutic agents and conduct of relevant clinical trials. However, palliative chemotherapy has only made marginal progress, and the median survival remains between 8-10 months. An emerging understanding of tumor biology, cellular and molecular mechanisms has revealed novel targets in gastric cancer therapy, such as trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, etc. There are still some problems in clinical practice due to the high heterogeneity of gastric cancer including optimization of perioperative chemotherapy regimen, determination of right strategy to personalize chemotherapy or target therapy for advanced gastric cancer. In order to practically achieve individualized therapy, multicenter, prospective, randomized clinical trials according specific matters of gastric cancer should be performed in China. A deeper understanding of the biological characteristics of gastric cancer, and more translational medicine research and multi-disciplinary team collaboration should be carried out to achieve personalized medicine.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy

BACKGROUND: Absorbable material is a hotspot in orthopedics, which is biodegradable, avoids fixation residues and second surgical trauma compared with the traditional internal fixation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of K-wires, screws and absorbable rods for the internal fixation of Mason II-III radial head fractures.METHODS: Totally 45 patients with Mason Ⅱ-Ⅲ radial head fractures were collected from January 2010 to December 2015 admited in Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital and Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and were then divided into three groups (n=15 per group), followed by implanted with K-wires (group A), screws (group B)and absorbable rods (group C), respectively. The baseline data, operation time, blood loss, healing time, Mayo and Broberg-Morrey scores were compared among groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were no significant differences in the baseline data, operation time, blood loss,and healing time among groups (P > 0.05). (2) The Mayo scores in the groups A, B, and C were (88.45±6.22),(92.37±5.60), and (90.82±6.58), respectively; the Broberg-Morrey scores in the groups A, B, and C group were ((90.82±6.83), (93.05±6.54), and (91.68±7.15), respectively; all above scores showed no significant differences among groups (P > 0.05). (4) The total incidence rate of complications in the groups A, B, and C was 20％ (2/15), 13％ (2/15),and 7％ (1/15) respectively, showing no significant difference among groups (P > 0.05). (4) These results indicate that the absorbable rods can obtain satisfactory treatment outcomes for Mason II-III radial head fractures, which is equivalent to the traditional internal fixation. Moreover, it can avoid secondary operation for removing internal fixators and the adverse impact of stress shielding, so it is recommended to be used in clinic.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of internal fixation (including PFNA and PFN) versus hip replacement (including FHR or THA) in the treatment of trochanteric fractures in adults.

METHODSReports of studies using randomized controlled trials (RCT) to compare internal fixationg with hip replacement in the management of intertrochanteric fractures were retrieved (up to January 1, 2013) from the Cochrane Library, PUBMED Data, CNKI (China National Knowledge infrastructure), Elsevier, the Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, and manually. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed, and relevant data were extracted. Statistical software RevMan 5.0 was used for data-analysis.

RESULTSSeven articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that,compared internal fixation with hip replacement,there were statistical significance in the duration of surgery time [WMD = -2.66, 95% CI (-5.25,-0.06), P = 0.05], intra-operative blood loss [WMD = -24.20, 95% CI (-30.38, -18.02), P < 0.000 01], hospital stays time [WMD = -4.72, 95% CI (-5.18, -4.25), P < 0.000 01], bearing load time [WMD = -29.54, 95% CI (-30.77, -28.31), P < 0.000 01], total complications rate [WMD = 0.15, 95% CI (0.11, 0.22), P < 0.000 01], the good rate of Harris scores [WMD = 1.09, 95% CI (0.54,1.32), P < 0.05]. However, there were no statistical significance in the rate of deep venous thrombosis [WMD = 1.09, 95% CI (0.47, 2.55), P > 0.05]. CON- CLUSION: Hip replacement (containing FHR or THA) for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures is superior to internal fixa- tion in regards to the duration of surgery time, the mean duration of hosipital stays, mean post-operative down time, intra-opera- tive blood loss, the rate of post-operative good Harris scores. But there is not enough evidence to show any difference between hip replacement (containing THA or FHR) and internal fixation in regards to the rate of deep venous thrombosis. However, internal fixation for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures is superior to hip replacement (containing FHR or THA) in regards to total complications rate.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the second to the fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index (BMI) in infertile men of the Han ethnic group in Ningxia.

METHODSUsing anthropometry, we calculated the mean ratio of 2D:4D and BMI of 197 infertile men and 148 normal healthy male controls, followed by analysis of their relationship.

RESULTSThe BMI was correlated positively with the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand in the infertile men (P < 0.05) and in the patients with a higher 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05), but negatively with the 2D:4D ratio of the righ/left (Dr-1) (left: P < 0.01; Dr-l: P < 0.05). The mean 2D: 4D ratio and BMI were both lower in the normal control than in the infertile men, with statistically significant differences in BMI (P < 0.05) and the 2D:4D ratio of the left hand (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere is a correlation between the 2D:4D ratio and BMI in infertile men.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are believed to play a major role in viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during HBV infection. To clarify the differences in host immune responses between self-limited and chronic HBV infections, we constructed three HLA-A*0201/HBV tetramers with immunodominant epitopes of core18-27, polymerase 575-583 and envelope 335-343, and analyzed the HBV-specific CTLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients infected with HBV. The frequencies and expansion ability of HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells in most self-limited HBV infected individuals were higher than those in chronic HBV-infected patients. HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells could be induced by in vitro peptide stimulation from chronic patients with a low level of serum HBV-DNA but not from those with a high level of serum HBV-DNA. In chronic infection, no significant correlation was found either between the frequencies of HBV-specific CD8(+) T cells and the viral load, or between the frequencies and the levels of alanine transaminase. Our results suggested that the frequencies of HBV-specific CTLs are not the main determinant of immune-mediated protection in chronic HBV infection and immunotherapeutic approaches should be aimed at not only boosting a HBV-specific CD8(+) T response but also improving its function.

To observe the reliability and short-term and mid-term efficacy of a new designed multi-functional lacrimal sac nasal drainage stent on the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy ( EES-DCR ) , and to evaluate its clinical application value. METHODS: A retrospective case series study was carried out. Seventy - six patients ( 79 eyes ) with nasolacrimal duct obstruction underwent EES-DCR and a new type of multi-functional lacrimal sac nasal drainage stent was implanted. The nasal lacrimal drainage stent was pulled out 2~3mo later after surgery and the patients received 3~6mo follow-up afterwards. RESULTS: ln 79 eyes, stents were successfully implanted in 77 eyes (97. 5%). All stents of 77 eyes could be pulled out successfully 2 ~ 3mo after the operation. Sixty eyes were cured with unobstructed lacrimal irrigation and symptom of epiphora disappeared;15 eyes were improved of epiphora and mild reflux during lacrimal irrigation were found, overall effective rate was 97. 4%, 2 eyes failed in stent implantation. ln 6mo follow-up, nocomplications such as stent displacement or slip was occurred, the epithelization of anastomotic stoma was good.CONCLUSlON: Surgical technique of using the multi-function nasolacrimal stent is simple and fast, and implantation of the new designed stents has a rapid recovery with fewer complications. The usage of the new stents not only improves the success rate but also broadens surgical indications of EES-DCR, it is a safe and effective method for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) are X?linked recessive neuromuscular diseases resulting from dystrophin (DMD) gene mutations. It has been known that the carrier of DMD mutations may also have symptoms of the disease. While de novo mutation is quite common in BMD/DMD patients, it is rarely reported in the female carriers. Methods: Two sporadic Chinese patients with progressive muscular dystrophy and their familial members were recruited. The targeted next?generation sequencing (NGS) and the multiplex ligation?dependent probe analysis (MLPA) were performed in the proband. Blood tests, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and electromyography were also evaluated. Results: Two novel mutations of DMD gene were identified, c.7318C>T(p.Q2440*) in the male proband and c.4983dupA(p.A1662Sfs*24) in the female carrier. The MLPA analysis did not detect any large rearrangements. The haplotype analysis indicated that the two mutations were derived from de novo mutagenesis. Conclusions: We identified two novel de novo mutations of DMD gene in two Chinese pedigrees, one of which caused a female patient with muscular dystrophy. The mutational analysis is important for DMD patients and carriers in the absence of a family history. The NGS can help detect the mutations in MLPA?negative patients.

In order to study the role of PML-RARalpha fusion gene and its expression product during apoptotic process in NB4 cells induced by arsenic trisulfide (As(2)S(3)), the apoptotic effects of NB4 cells were observed by cell morphology, flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis. The change of PML-RARalpha fusion gene and its expression product were also assayed by chromosomal G banding, RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that arsenic trisulfide induced apoptosis of NB4 cells, during this process, PML-RARalpha fusion gene had no significant changes, but the expression of PML-RARalpha fusion protein and wild-type RARalpha were all reduced. It is concluded that arsenic trisulfide can induce apoptosis of NB4 cells, the degradation of PML-RARalpha fusion protein and wild-type RARalpha may play an important role during apoptotic process.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; physiology ; RNA, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sulfides ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective To study the mechanism of glutamine dipeptide on wound healing after operations on bums. Methods Totally, 30 burned patients were randomly divided into study group and control group (15 cases in each group). All patients received parental nutrition support after operation. Study group patients were supplemented with glutamine dipeptide at a dose of 0. 5 g · kg±1 · d±1. The plasma free hydroxyproline level was measured by a standard amino acid analyzer 1 day before operation and 7 days after operation and the wound healing time was recor± ded. Results The plasma free hydroxyproline levels of both groups were higher than the normal values before opera± tion but without significant difference [control group: (2. 24 ±0. 84) fig/ml, study group: (2. 32 ±0.92) μg/ml, normal value: (1.27 ±0.44) μg/ml]. On the post±operative 7 day, the plasma free hydroxyproline level of study group [ (4. 31 ±1. 05) μg/ml] was significantly higher than that of control group [ (3. 04± 1. 01) μ/ml] (P = 0.002). The wound healing time of study group [ (29. 7±5.3) d] was shorter than that of control group but with± out significant difference [ (33. 3 ±7.5) d, P = 0. 14 ]. Conclusion The intravenous supplementation of glutamine dipeptide may increase the plasma hydroxyproline level after operation and thus promote wound healing.

Eight compounds from six Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. 'Hangju' were determined and multivariate statistics, including principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were used to investigate the potential damaging effect of sulfr-fumigating process. Meanwhile, S, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb were also detected by using ICP-MS and ICP-OES. In this study, dramatic chemical changes were found that the contents of flavonoid aglycones remarkably increased while those of glycosides and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids were significantly reduced. The PCA score plots showed six samples were clearly classified into the non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated types. And according to VIP > 1, the most important chemical markers were luteolin, apigenin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside which indicated that the extracted three components might have a marked effect on the discrimination among different group samples. And then, it was found that the residue of sulfur of SHJ were significantly higher than NHJ (P < 0.05). The established approach was applied to rapidly discriminate sulfur-fumigated HJ with combining the quantitative chemical analysis and multivariate statistical analysis, and then the result will provide some evidence to evaluat the quality of HJ and control its processing.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chrysanthemum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Fumigation ; methods ; Sulfur ; chemistry