Objective To evaluate the effect of PTH gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple skeletal sites in normal females.Methods PTH gene phenotype was determined by PCR-RFLP of restriction enzyme Bst BⅠin 596 females aged (46.3?13.7) years (20-80 years),and PCR products with or without enzymolytic site were considered as genotype B or genotype b respectively.BMDs of the anteropesterior spine (AP) and supine lateral spine (Lat) of lumbar vertebrae (L_1-L_4),femoral neck (FN),total hip (T-hip), Ward's triangle (Ward),Trochanter (Troch),forearm [radius+ulna ultradistal (RUUD) and total area of radius + ulna (RUT) ] were measured by DEXA (QDR4500A).Results (1) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident for PTH polymorphisms.The frequencies of genotype were BB 0.784,Bb 0.208,bb 0.008 and frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.888 and 0.112 respectively in 596 normal females.Frequencies of BB,Bb,bb genotypes were 0.781,0.210,and 0.009 respectively in 347 postmenopausal women and their frequencies of alleles B,b were 0.886,0.114.No significant difference was found between post- and premenopausal women in genotype frequen- cy.(2) Comparing their BMDs of AP,Lat,FN,T-hip,Ward,Troch,RUUD and RUT,there was no significant difference between BB and Bb genotypes of pre- and postmenopansal women groups.(3) Logistic regression analysis failed to show any statistical difference between normal and osteoporosis women with regard to PTH phenotype.Conclusion PTH gene polymorphism has little effect on BMD in normal females.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of sorafenib in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in hepatoma BEL-7402/FU cells and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSMTT colorimetric assay was used to obtain the dose-response curve of sorafenib in BEL-7402/FU cells, and flow cytometry performed to assess the effect of sorafenib on Rho123 concentration in the cells. The optimal dose of sorafenib for cell treatment was determined according to the results of MTT assay and flow cytometry. MTT assay was employed to evaluate the effect of sorfenib on the cytotoxicity of the antitumor drugs, flow cytometry performed to determine the expression of cell membrane transport protein (P-gp), and RT-PCR used to detect mdr1 gene expression in the cells treated with sorafenib at the optimal dose.

RESULTSSorafenib at the concentration of 4 micromol/L, efficiently reversed the MDR of the cells with minimal side effects. At the concentration of 4 micromol/L, sorafenib partially reversed the drug resistance of BEL-7402/FU cells to ADM, 5-FU, GEM and DDP, with reversal indexes of 2.98, 7.16, 1.99 and 10.08, respectively. Treatment of the cells with 4 micromol/L, sorafenib also partially down-regulated P-gp expression in BEL-7402/FU cells, and caused a reduction of mdr1 gene expression by 27.3% in comparison with the control cells.

CONCLUSIONSorafenib can reverse MDR in human hepatoma cells probably in association with down-regulation of mdr1 gene expression and increased accumulation of the chemotherapeutic agents in the cells.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Benzenesulfonates ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Niacinamide ; analogs & derivatives ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Pyridines ; pharmacology

Esophagustype cervical spondylosis is easily misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed for its lower incidence. The pathological basis manily concerned with compression of osteophyte for esophageal and tracheal wall and local inflammatory reaction. The diagnosis of disease is generally not difficult. Especially dynamic esophagogram could not only show degree of cervical degeneration and osteophyte shape, but also could clearly observe location and degree of osteophytosis indenting esophageal and tracheal. Recently, the treatment of esophagustype cervical spondylosis has been the focus of attention. It is generally believed that conservative treatment could alleviate disease but could not cure it. More and more scholars tend to treat disease by surgical resection of osteophyte to relieve compression for esophagus, and clinical symptoms could obviously improved. However, long-term follow up is lack, and further follow-up effect is lack of powerful support, anddifferent treatment methods and surgical procedures are lack of comparative research.

The prognostic features of T1N0M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Asian patients have not been well explored in large sample studies. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 713 patients undergoing nephrectomy for T1N0M0 RCC between 1991 and 2009 in three Asian hospitals. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the independent predictive factors for T1N0M0 RCC prognosis among a series of clinicopathological parameters, including age, gender, tumor size, Fuhrman grade, and histological classification. Our results showed that 388 of 713 patients had tumors 4.0 cm or smaller (stage T1a) and 325 of 713 patients had tumors 4.0-7.0 cm in size (stage T1b). Five-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates for this group of patients were 96.0% and 93.5%, respectively. The patients with T1b RCC had a significantly lower 5-year CSS and RFS rates than did those with T1a RCC (CSS, 93.1% vs. 98.6%, P = 0.026; RFS, 90.0% vs. 96.5%, P < 0.001). Patients with low grade (grades I-II) tumors had a higher 5-year CSS (97.8% vs. 91.2%, P = 0.001) and RFS (95.5% vs. 85.5%, P < 0.001) rate than did those with high grade (grades I-II) tumors. More interestingly, when stratifying patients to T1a and T1b groups, the role of grade in distinguishing prognosis could be only observed in patients with T1b disease. Cox regression showed tumor size and Fuhrman grade were significant in predicting CSS and RFS. Our study suggests that the prognosis of patients with T1N0M0 RCC is excellent, and these results are comparable to previously reported studies in Western patients. Furthermore, our data indicates that patients with T1b disease and high Fuhrman grade have high risk of tumor recurrence and death, thus requiring more frequent follow-up.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asia ; epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nephrectomy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of protective effect of oral L-arginine (L-Arg) on the intestine after scald injury in rats.

METHODSSixty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: i.e. normal control (N, n = 6, without treatment), oral L-arginine group (A, n = 30, with 1 ml 70 g/L of L-Arg per os 2 times a day from 2 post scald hour (PSH)) on with normal enteral feeding and group B (n = 30, with oral feeding of cold boiled water after scald). The changes in the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET), ET/NO ratio in the intestine and the level of plasma endotoxin (LPS) in portal vein were assessed at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 PSH. Ileum tissue samples were harvested for pathological examination.

RESULTSThe ET content in the intestinal tissue in A group at 6, 12 and 24 PSH (0.80 +/- 0.26 ng/g, 0.75 +/- 0.30 ng/g, 0.63 +/- 0.22 ng/g) was obviously lower than that in B group (1.26 +/- 0.38 ng/g, 1.34 +/- 0.37 ng/g, 0.97 +/- 0.19 ng/g, P < 0.05), but the NO contents in the intestine in A group at the same time points were significantly higher than that in B group (P < 0.01). The ET/NO ratio and the level of plasma endotoxin in A group were significantly lower than those in B group at each time point (P < 0.05 or 0.01). Pathological examination showed that the intestinal mucosal injury in the A group was obviously milder than that in the B group.

CONCLUSIONOral L-arginine was shown to have the effects to ameliorate ischemia reperfusion injury of the intestine and to protect the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa. This might be related to an increase in the NO level in intestinal mucosa resulting in maintenance of a stable ET/NO ratio.

Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Burns ; metabolism ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelins ; metabolism ; Feeding Methods ; Intestinal Mucosa ; physiopathology ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; therapy

Human exhaled breath has great application prospects,e.g.,monitoring pharmacokinetics,disease diagnosis,due to its advantages such as non-invasive and high-frequency sampling.Breath samples can be collected from the oral and nasal cavity.However,the oral and nasal environment affect the chemical composition of breath sample.Therefore,the investigation on the chemical composition of mouth-exhaled breath and nose-exhaled breath is crucial for selection of appropriate sampling strategy for individual studies.In this work,secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry(SESI-HRMS)was applied to analysis of respiratory metabolomics in real time.A quantitative analysis approach was established for 9 kinds of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)e.g.2-butanone,2-pentanone,ethyl acetate,methyl methacrylate,toluene,styrene,mesitylene,isoprene and limonene.The limit of detection was 2.3?240.8 ng/m3.The intra-day(n=6)and inter-day(n=18)relative standard deviations were 0.6%?4.6%and 4.3%?12.2%,respectively.Nine healthy subjects were recruited to investigate the chemical composition of mouth-exhaled and nose-exhaled breath.The results showed the good performance in quantitative analysis of 9 VOCs in breath air.It was found that the number of unique component(m/z)detected in mouth-exhaled breath(167)was 2.2 times greater than that detected in nose-exhaled breath(76),which might result from the complex environment in oral cavity.The signal intensity of commun component(163)was significantly different between mouth-exhaled breath and nose-exhaled breath.Additionally,the elemental composition analysis showed that the proportion of polar compounds detected in nose-exhaled breath was higher than that in mouth-exhaled breath.This study demonstrated that there was significant differences in the chemical composition between mouth-exhaled and nose-exhaled breath,which provided a theoretical basis for selection of exhalation mode.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of plasma adjuvant therapy on coagulation disorders in patients with traumatic brain injury and its relation with the prognosis.Methods Prospective study was performed on patients with traumatic brain injury and coagulation disorders,admitted to our hospitals from January 2010 to June 2012; these patients were divided into conventional treatment group and plasma adjuvant therapy group.Cranial CT was performed and blood coagulation function was checked at admission,and then,coagulation function was re-checked again 3 days after therapy and cranial CT within 3 days.The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was marked 21 days after treatment.The improvement of coagulation disorders,secondary bleeding and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results As compared with those in the conventional treatment group,the prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin time,secondary hemorrhage rate in the plasma adjuvant therapy group were significantly reduced (P＜0.05).The differences of D-dimer content and GOS scores between the two groups were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion Plasma adjuvant therapy effectively improves the coagulation function,reduces the incidence of intracranial secondary bleeding,but can not obviously improve the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVETo study the lipids level in Kazakan individuals over 30-year-old in Fukang area of Xinjiang.

METHODSRandom cluster multistage sampling method were performed to select the subjects, and 991 individuals aged older than 30 from Fukang of Xinjiang were included. The plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plasma glucose and insulin were measured. Related adverse cardiovascular risk factors were discussed.

RESULTSThe mean plasma TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C of Kazakan residents over 30-year-old in Fukang of Xinjiang were (5.05 ± 1.07), (1.10 ± 0.66), (1.46 ± 0.38) and (3.06 ± 0.84) mmol/L, respectively. TC, TG and LDL-C levels in male subjects were higher than those in females (male vs female: TC: (5.19 ± 1.05) mmol/L vs (4.94 ± 1.07) mmol/L, t = 3.57, P < 0.01; TG: (1.32 ± 0.80) mmol/L vs (0.94 ± 0.46) mmol/L, t = 8.63, P < 0.01; LDL-C: (3.30 ± 0.85) mmol/L vs (2.88 ± 0.79) mmol/L, t = 8.06, P < 0.01). While the HDL-C level in male subjects was lower than that of female (male vs female: (1.32 ± 0.33) mmol/L vs (1.57 ± 0.38) mmol/L, t = 11.48, P < 0.01). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 28.3% (280/991) in the overall populations. In the overall populations, the prevalence of hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia and low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were 12.6% (125/991), 6.6% (65/991), 11.0% (109/991) and 10.1% (100/991), respectively. The prevalence of individuals with borderline-high TC, TG and LDL-C were 27.0% (268/991), 7.6% (75/991) and 20.5% (203/991), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 40.0% (172/430) in male populations. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in group aged 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 and above were 26.2% (78/298), 26.0% (91/350), 31.2% (73/234) and 34.9% (38/109), respectively, the trend of prevalence was significant by trend test for groups comparison (χ(2) = 3.94, P < 0.05). Adjusting for age and gender, TG was positively correlated with waist circumference, abdominal circumference and BMI, the partial relation coefficients were 0.368 (P < 0.01), 0.336 (P < 0.01) and 0.331 (P < 0.01), respectively, and HDL-C was negatively correlated with waist circumference, abdominal circumference and BMI, the partial relation coefficients were -0.340 (P < 0.01), -0.339 (P < 0.01) and -0.321 (P < 0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe lipid levels of Kazakan residents from Fukang area are high and are characterized by hypercholesteremia and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and more attention of the prevention of dyslipidemia in this populations should be paid to males, border-line abnormal and those aged over 60-year old.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; epidemiology ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood

The reporting of complications following transperitoneal and retroperitoneal open radical nephrectomy (RN) is nonstandardized. This study aimed to compare early complications between the two approaches using a standardized reporting methodology in a large contemporary cohort. Between 1996 and 2009, 558 patients underwent open RN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in our two centers (424 from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and 134 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University). Records were reviewed for clinicopathologic features and complications. Complications were graded using the Clavien system based on the severity of impact. One hundred and five patients (18.8%) had one or more early complications (168 complications overall). The overall rates of grades I to V complications were 5.6%, 10.8%, 2.2%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. Patients who underwent transperitoneal RN did not experience more overall or procedure-related complications than those who underwent retroperitoneal RN (P = 0.911 and P = 0.851, respectively). On subgroup analysis, neither grade I/II nor grades III-V complications were significantly different between the transperitonal RN and retroperitoneal RN groups. Multivariate analysis showed that for any grade of complication, age (P = 0.016) and estimated blood loss (P = 0.001) were significant predictors. We concluded that open RN is a safe procedure associated with low rates of serious morbidity and mortality. Compared with retroperitoneal RN, transperitoneal RN was not associated with more complications. Older patient and more blood loss at surgery were independent predictors for higher early postoperative complication rates.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo search for the disease-associated haplotype in the PRKCZ gene, a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes in Han population of North China, by case-control study and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

METHODSSNPs located in the PRKCZ gene were chosen from public SNP domain by bioinformatic methods and single base extension (SBE) method was used to genotype the loci in 173 sporadic type 2 diabetes patients and 152 normal individuals to perform case-control study and LD analysis. Haplotype block were constructed in these populations.

RESULTSSeveral SNPs in the PRKCZ gene were found to be associated with the disease. The SNPs formed different haplotype block pattern in case and control groups. The frequencies of the haplotypes formed by 5 SNPs were statistically different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONThe haplotype formed by 5 SNPs in the PRKCZ gene may be associated with type 2 diabetes in Han population of China, which is confirmed from statistics to be a susceptibility gene for the disease.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; Ethnic Groups ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Kinase C ; genetics ; Protein Kinase C-delta