Abstract： Objective To evaluate the filtration effects of various nanofiltration systems on intravenous human immunog⁃ lobulin（IVIG）in order to screen the optimal nanofiltration system. Methods Various nanofilters were used for IVIG filtration to determine the best one and then various prefilters were selected to combine with the optimal nanofilter for IVIG filtration to determine the optimal nanofiltration system. Results The tangential flow（cross flow）nanofilter showed better filtering effect than dead end（direct current）nanofilter，and nanofilter C was the best one. The effect of deep filtration prefilter was better than that of absolute filtration prefilter，and prefilter Y1 in series with nanofilter C was the optimal nanofiltration system. Conclusion The optimal nanofiltration system was determined through the effect evaluation of various nanofiltration systems filtering for IVIG.

OBJECTIVETo assess occlusal balance of normal occlusion in intercuspal position with maximal bite force.

METHODSMaximal bite force was recorded in intercuspal position by use of T-Scan II system from 123 subjects with normal intact dentitions. Occlusal balance of normal occlusion was quantitatively analyzed from center of force, percentage of bite force, and occlusal contacts.

RESULTSThe relative position of the center of bite force, the difference in bilateral force percentage, and unsymmetrical coefficient followed normal distributions. The 95% reference ranges for corresponding testing items were -6.60 to 6.68 mm, -15.50% to 12.10%, and 0.65 to 1.39. There was no statistic difference (P = 0.915) in occlusal contacts between left and right sides. The 98.4% of normal occlusion subjects had the center of bite force locating in posterior region of dentition when biting with maximal force in intercuspal position.

CONCLUSIONSOcclusal balance could be evaluated by T-Scan II system. Occlusion of normal subjects biting with maximal force was stable and bilaterally balanced in intercuspal position.

Adolescent ; Bite Force ; Dental Occlusion, Balanced ; Dental Stress Analysis ; instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Jaw Relation Record ; Male ; Reference Values ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the correlation between regional blood perfusion and biological features of breast cancer. Methods Spiral CT technique was applied to quantitatively detect the central and marginal blood perfusion, including blood flow ( BF ) , blood volume ( BV) and permeability of surface (PS). Results The central and marginal blood perfusion of breast cancer were significantly higher than that of normal breast tissues. The marginal blood perfusion was higher than central blood perfusion. The regional blood perfusion of breast cancer varied with tumor size, clinical stage and histological grading. Conclusion The regional blood perfusion correlates with biological markers in breast cancer and can be used to evaluate the biological characteristics as a noninvasive marker before neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the effects of valsartan and MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 on atrial fibrosis and connexin40 (Cx40) remodeling in rats treated with isopreterenol (ISO).Methods 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (A),ISO (5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for7 days) + DMSO group (B),ISO + U0126 (0.5 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 28 days) group (C,U0126 was dissolved in DMSO),ISO +valsartan (30 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 28 days) + DMSO group (D).Rats were sacrificed after 28 days.The AngⅡ content in myocardial tissue was measured by radioimmunoassay,P-MEK1/2,P-ERK1/2 and Cx40 was detected by immunohistochemistry,atrial fibrosis was determined on HE and Masson stained heart sections.Results The content of Ang Ⅱ was significantly higher in group B,C and D compared with group A [ (368.243 ±6.283 ) ng/L,( 357.175 ± 5.944 ) ng/L,( 359.908 ± 2.496 ) ng/L vs ( 250.380 ± 4.261 )ng/L,P ＜0.01 ] ; the degree of atrial fibrosis was significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B [CVF(10.260 ±0.525)％,(10.238 ±0.524)％ vs (78.710 ± 1.587)％,P＜0.01 ] while there was no atrial fibrosis in group A [ CVF(9.025 ± 0.456)％ ] ; the expression of P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2 was significantly upregulated in group B compared with group A ( P-MEK1/2:0.311 ± 0.007 vs 0.203 ± 0.009,P ＜0.01 ; P-ERK1/2:0.259 ±0.003 vs 0.173 ±0.006,P ＜0.01 ) and significantly lower in group C and D compared with group B (P-MEK1/2:0.212 ± 0.004,0.213 ± 0.005 vs 0.311 ± 0.007,P ＜0.01,P-ERK1/2:0.178 ±0.004,0.175 ±0.007 vs 0.259 ±0.003,P ＜0.01 ).The content of Cx40 was obviously reduced and the distribution of Cx40 was disordered in group B compared with A (0.199 ±0.007 vs 0.241 ±0.004,P＜0.01) which could be partly reversed in group C and D ( 0.239 ±0.037,0.235 ±0.006 vs 0.199 ± 0.007,P ＜ 0.01 ).All parameters in group C and D were similar ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The chronically elevated Ang Ⅱ content in myocardium may be related to atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling in this model,valsartan and U0126 were equivalent on attenuating atrial fibrosis and Cx40 remodeling by inhibiting ERK pathways at different levels.

OBJECTIVETo determine the threshold of millimeter wave irradiation for fetal injury in mice and the mechanism of decrease of learning and memory function in their offsprings and to verify whether the millimeter wave has the non-thermal effect.

METHODSPregnant mice were irradiated by millimeter wave with frequencies of 37.4, 42.2, 53.0 and 60.0 GHz at power densities of 1, 3, 5, 8 mW/cm(2) for two hours daily from the 6th to 15th day of their gestation. Learning and memory functions of their offsprings were tested by a Y-type electric maze. c-Fos protein expression level in hippocampus of their offsprings was determined with immunohistochemistry 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the offsprings were trained respectively.

RESULTSThe minimal power density of millimeter wave for the decrease in learning and memory function and decrease of c-Fos protein expression level in hippocampus of their offsprings caused by 37.4, 42.2 GHz and 53.0, 60.0 GHz was 5 and 3 mW/cm(2). Severity of injury for learning and memory in offsprings caused by irradiation increased with the power density of millimeter wave. The millimeter wave did not cause increase of the body temperature of the pregnant mice.

CONCLUSIONThe threshold of millimeter wave with 37.4, 42.2 GHz, and 53.0, 60.0 GHz causing fetal injury in mice is 5 and 3 mW/cm(2) respectively. The decrease in learning and memory functions in offspring mice is related with decrease of c-Fos protein expression level in hippocampus. Millimeter wave has the non-thermal effects.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Female ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Learning ; radiation effects ; Memory ; radiation effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; biosynthesis

AIMTo investigate the effect of abrogating heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression by antisense HSP70 oligonucleotides treatment on human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3m growth.

METHODSPC-3m cells were treated with 0-16 mmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomers for 0-100 hr. Cell growth inhibition was analyzed using a trypan blue dye exclusion test. Apoptotic cells were detected and confirmed by flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation analysis. The protein expression of HSP70 and bcl-2 affected by antisense HSP70 oligomers were determined using Western blot.

RESULTSAntisense HSP70 oligomer induced apoptosis and then inhibited proliferation of PC-3m cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ladder-like patterns of DNA fragments were observed in PC-3m cells treated with 10 mmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer for 48 hr or 8 mmol/L for 72 hr on agarose gel electrophoresis. Antisense HSP70 oligomer pretreatment enhanced the subsequent induction of apoptosis by heat shock in PC-3m cells. In addition, undetectable HSP70 expression was observed at a concentration of 10 mmol/L antisense HSP70 oligomer treatment for 48 hr or 8 mmol/L for 72 hr in Western blot, which was paralleled by decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2.

CONCLUSIONHSP70 antisense oligomer treatment abrogates the expression of HSP70, which may disrupt HSP70-bcl-2-interactions and further down-regulate bcl-2 expression, in turn inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth in PC-3m cells.

Androgens ; physiology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; physiology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; isolation & purification ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Background Placement of an orbital implant is a main way to prevent orbital atrophy with aging.But its mechanism is under clear.Researchs showed that bone growth factors play important role during the development and repair of bone,especially transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1).Objective Present study was to investigate the expression of TGF-β1 protein in orbital bone after enucleation or enucleation with placement of an orbital implant and its function in the mechanisms of preventing and treating the orbital malformed development after enucleation with placement of an orbital implant.Methods Twenty-one age- and weight-matched New Zealand white young rabbits were randomly divided into the enucleation,implant and control groups,and each group including seven rabbits.Eyeball nucleation surgery was performed in the left eyes of 7 1-month-old rabbits,and a spherical orbital implant was inserted after enucleation of the left in matched rabbits in implant group.The left eye of normal rabbits served as controls.The rabbits were sacrificed in 1 month after surgery.The expression of TGF-β1 protein in the left orbital bone was detected using enzyme immunoassay and FITC labelling immunoassay technique in the sections of zygomatic bones.The content of TGF-β1 protein in the left orbital bone tissue was measured by ELISA method.This use of animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The height and width of orbital in enucleation group were significantly lower than those of implant and normal control groups(height:P=0.00,P=0.00;width:P =0.00,P=0.00).The positive bone cells of both enzyme immunoassay and FITC staining were increased in the implant and control groups in comparison with enucleation group,but the positive response intensity for TGF-β1 was resembled between implant group and control group.ELISA result revealed that the content of TGF-β1 protein in bone tissue was significantly lower in the enucleation group than in implant and control groups(P=0.00,P=0.00).The expression and content of TGF-β1 protein in bone tissue is similar between the implant group and the control group(P=0.41). Conclusion The experiment results indicate that TGF-β1 protein participate in the orbital development.TGF-β1 played important role in the prevention and treatment of enucleation-induced orbital malformation in the eye with placement of an orbital implant.

BACKGROUNDThe latest version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system has not comprehensively evaluated the impact of tumour length on survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Our study explored the relationship between tumour length and clinicopathological characteristics as well as long-term survival.

METHODSAll 202 cases of esophageal resections done from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008 in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University were reviewed and followed up.

RESULTSPatients with tumour length = 3 cm were related to more advanced tumour stage (χ(2) = 55.9, P < 0.001), more metastatic lymph nodes (χ(2) = 14.6, P < 0.001), increased metastatic lymph node ratio χ(2) = 16.1, P < 0.001) and worse overall TNM stage (χ(2) = 48.1, P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that tumour length was a significant prognostic risk factor (95% CI 0.235 - 0.947, P = 0.035). Subgroup analyses disclosed that tumour length was a valuable prognostic predictor in patients with lower T stage, absence of metastatic lymph nodes and lower TNM stage.

CONCLUSIONSEsophageal tumour length is a predictive factor for long-term survival especially for lower tumour stage, absence of metastatic lymph nodes and lower TNM stage patients. Tumour length should be incorporated in the staging system as an important grouping factor for better prognostic evaluation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; mortality ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis

Objective:To observe the effect of a modified version of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the rehabilitation of persons with coronary artery disease (CAD), and to evaluate its safety and patient compliance.Methods:Sixty CAD patients were randomly divided into an exercise group and a control group, each of 30. Both groups were given conventional cardiac rehabilitation (including controlled nutrition, psychological counseling and low-intensity aerobic exercise). The exercise group additionally completed a session of HIIT twice a week for 6 weeks. Each session involved 30s of cycling at 85-90% of the patient′s maximum heart rate followed by 30s rest, repeated 15 times. The cardiorespiratory fitness, blood pressure, vascular function and body composition of both groups were documented before and after the 6 weeks. Compliance was recorded and the safety of the modified HIIT program was evaluated.Results:A significant improvement was observed in the maximum oxygen uptake and workload in a graded exercise test among the exercise group. The average blood pressure and body composition improved significantly, as did the average positive mood score and enjoyment of training. There was a significant decrease in negative mood and anxiety scores among the exercise group. No significant differences were observed in the control group. Compliance with the HIIT training program of the exercise group (97.4%) was significantly better than the control group′s compliance (88.7%) with its less strenuous regimen. There were no serious adverse reactions or cardiovascular events during the experiment.Conclusion:Modified HIIT is an effective form of cardiac rehabilitation training for CAD. It is safe, and compliance is good.

BACKGROUNDThe abnormalities of coronary arteries, though rare and sometimes benign, may first present clinically as myocardial infarction or sudden death. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is a non-invasive test that is highly suitable for detecting these anomalies. The study aimed to review the 64-MDCT appearance of the coronary artery anomalies in 66 patients and to discuss the clinical importance of these anomalies.

METHODSIn 6014 consecutive patients examined over 12 months by 64-MDCT for the study of coronary artery disease, 66 were diagnosed for coronary artery anomalies. All patients were symptomatic for one or more of the following diseases: chest pain, dyspnoea, palpitations, arrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Nine patients had undergone a coronary angiography. All the CT images were evaluated by two radiologists and one cardiologist. The right coronary artery (RCA) and the conus branch arising separately, myocardial bridging and duplication of arteries were not analysed in our study.

RESULTSThe incidence of coronary artery anomalies found in our study group was 1.097%. In the selected patients, seven different types of coronary anomalies were found by 64-MDCT examination. The high takeoff, origin of the coronary artery from the opposite or noncoronary sinus with an anomalous course, and coronary artery fistula were the three common forms of anomalies (n = 16, 18 and 16, respectively). Compared with the results of the coronary angiography, the number of the drainage sites of two coronary artery fistula was less in MDCT images (3 small sites in total). In all cases, coronary artery computed tomography angiography (CTA) technique was able to recognize the origin of the coronary artery, its three-dimensional course and its spatial relationship with the adjacent structures. Conventional coronary angiography in two cases, however, was unable to provide sufficient information for correct and complete diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, the study showed that 64-MDCT, especially the volume rendering technique (VRT), may be useful for the assessment of complex variations, even if the conventional angiography may not be sufficient. It may be considered as the first-choice imaging modality when an anomalous coronary artery is suspected.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Young Adult