Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; mortality ; Proportional Hazards Models

OBJECTIVEAfter performed symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) before and after acute alkalized blood, we repeated CPET with pure oxygen.

METHODSFive volunteers, 3hr after alkalizing blood room air CPET, re-performed CPET inhaling from Douglas bag connected with pure oxygen tank. We compared with those of room air CPETs before and after alkalized blood.

RESULTSAfter alkalized blood oxygen CPET had a similar response pattern as those of CPETs before and after blood alkalization. During the CPET, all breath frequency, minute ventilation and tidal volume at each stage were similar to those of CPETs before and after alkalized blood (P > 0.05),except there was a lower peak tidal volume than those of both CPETs and a slightly higher resting minute ventilation only than CPET after alkalized blood (P > 0.05). After alkalized blood, oxygen CPET, all PaO2 and SaO2 and most Hb were lower than those of both CPETs (P < 0.05). The pHa and [HCO3-]a were higher than those of CPET before alkalized blood (P < 0.05); but were not CPET after alkalized blood (P > 0.05). PaCO2 was similar to that of CPET before alkalized blood (P > 0.05), but was lower than that of CPET after alkalized blood at resting and warm-up (P < 0.05); then was similar to both CPETs at anaerobic threshold (P > 0.05); but was higher at peak exercise higher than those of both CPETs (P < 0.01). Oxygen increased 2,3 volunteers' workload and time at AT and peak exercises.

CONCLUSIONRespiratory response pattern to oxygen CPET after alkalized blood is similar to those of both CPETs before and after alkalized blood. The CPET response is dominantly depended upon metabolic rate, but not levels of pHa, PaCO2 and PaO2.

Blood Gas Analysis ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Salvianolic-acid B on p38MAPK signaling pathway and its transcriptional factor activated by Transforming growth factor b1 in rat hepatic stellate cells.

METHODSHepatic stellate cells were isolated from normal rat by in situ perfusion and Nycodenz density-gradient centrifugation method.TGFb1 (10 ng/ml), PD98059(50 mumol/L), SB203580(10 mumol/L) and SA-B (10-6 mol/L) were directly added to the medium of the isolated HSCs. Groups: (1)The detection of total p38, MKK3/6, MEF2A and MEF2C induced by TGFb1 in HSC: include control group, SA-B group, SA-B+TGFb1 group and TGFb1 group. (2)The detection of the phosphorylation of p38, MKK3/6 and a-SMA induced by TGFb1 in HSC: include control group, SA-B group, SA-B+TGFb1 group, TGFb1 group, PD98059 group, PD98059+SA-B group, PD98059+TGFb1 group and SA-B+PD98059+TGFb1 group. (3)The effects of SA-B on activity of MEF2 reporter and collagen a 1(I) reporter induced by TGFb1 in HSC: include mt group, wt group, TGFb1 group, SA-B+TGFb1 group, SA-B group, SB203580+TGFb1 group and SB203580 group. Total and phosphorylated p38 and MKK3/6, MEF2A, MEF2C and a-SMA were assayed by Western blot. HSCs were transfected with either MEF2 or collagen a1(I) luciferase reporter gene by Lipofectamine 2000 transfection method, Cellular extracts were assayed for both MEF2 and collagen a1(I) luciferase activities. Comparisons between groups were performed with Student-Newman-Keuls test.

RESULTSThe relative expression level of the phosphorylation of p38 of SA-B group is 0.33+/-0.05,obviously lower than control group(q=7.08, P less than 0.01); SA-B+TGFb1 group is 0.46+/-0.04, obviously lower than TGF b1 group(q=10.45, P less than 0.01); The relative expression level of the phosphorylation of MKK3/6 of SA-B group is 0.11+/-0.07, obviously lower than control group(q=3.944, P less than 0.05); SA-B+TGF b1 group is 0.28+/-0.07, obviously lower than TGFb1 group (q=7.91, P less than 0.01); The relative luciferase activity of MEF2 reporter of SA-B+TGFb1 group and SB203580+TGF b1 group is 2.93+/-0.09 and 2.50+/-0.05 respectively, both obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=35.35 and 37.2, P less than 0.01); The relative expression level of MEF2C and MEF2A of SA-B group is 15.82+/-0.97 and 13.00+/-0.40 respectively, obviously lower than control group(q is 5.18 and 13.32, both P less than 0.01); SA-B+TGF b1 group is 13.40+/-0.72 and 20.47+/-0.83 respectively, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q is 43.93 and 12.52,both P less than 0.01); The relative expression level of a-SMA of SA-B+TGFb1 group is 8.76+/-0.44, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=20.35, P less than 0.01); SA-B+SB203580+TGFb1 group is only 3.57+/-0.49, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=39.78, P less than 0.01); The relative luciferase activity of collagen a1(I) reporter of SA-B+TGF b1 group and SB203580+TGFb1 group is 1.61+/-0.05 and 1.42+/-0.07 respectively, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=26.4 and 27.62, both P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSA-B could inhibit activation of HSC induced by TGFb1 through inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells.

Animals ; Benzofurans ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate histomorphological feature of silicotic nodules under Warthin-Starry (WS) silver staining and its value in the histopathological examination.

METHODSSix cases with silicosis obtained by autopsy and 21 cases with sarcoidosis were collected (among which 3 cases were obtained by autopsy and 18 cases were obtained by biopsy). The serial sections of those paraffin embedded samples were applied respectively for (1) hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, (2) WS staining, (3) streptomyces avidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical staining for mouse anti-human CD68 monoclonal antibody, (4) observing under transmission electron microscope (TEM), (5) X-ray spectrum chemical element analysis(X-RSA). The emphasis of observation and analysis were the dust particles in silicotic nodules and granulomas cells (dust cells, epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells in the granulomas). The dust particles deposit in the granulomas were graded under the HE and WS staining.

RESULTSUnder the HE staining the dust particles deposit degrees were (+++) in cellular silicotic nodules, (+) in the fibrous ones, and (-) in the sarcoid nodules; under the WS staining and the dust particles deposit degrees were (+++) in both silicotic nodules whose dust particles were characteristically black, and (+/++) in sarcoid nodules. The dust particles deposit degrees in silicotic nodules were markedly higher than those in sarcoidosis (P < 0.01). The results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that the expression of CD68 in both cells of silicotic nodules and sarcoid nodules were positive. The positive degrees decreased successively with the content of the dust particles. The dust particles of silicotic nodules could be more readily observed than those of sarcoidosis in size and electronic density under TEM. The results of X-RSA indicated that the main chemical element in both dust particles was silicon.

CONCLUSIONWS staining is better than HE staining in showing the dust particles of silicotic nodules, which appear characteristically black, especially in the fibrous ones. Together the TEM observation and X-RSA, the silicotic nodules may be prompted.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicosis ; pathology ; Silver Staining ; methods

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of sodium ozagrel on nail microcirculation and hemorrheology in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Methods128 MI cases were randomly divided into the treatment group (group A, n=68) and control group (group B, n=60). On the base routine treatment, patients of group A were treated with sodium ozagrel (80～160 mg/d) and those of group B were treated with glucose-insulin-potassium solution (250～500 ml/d). The changes of nail microcirculation and hemorrheology were measured in pre-treatment and post-treatment.ResultsThe nail microcirculation and hemorrheology in group A were significantly better than group B (P<0.01).ConclusionSodium ozagrel can markedly improve nail microcirculation and hemorrheology in patients with MI.

OBJECTIVETo find the status and changes of the soil nutrients in rhizosphere of Atractylodes lancea.

METHODTotal nitrogen (total N), available K, available P, organic matter (ORG), available nitrogen and pH in rhizosphere soil of the wild growing A. lancea in 3 sites, MS, LT and MFS, and the cultivated ones with different ages in LT were detected.

RESULTThe contents of total nitrogen (total N), available K, available P, organic matter (ORG), available nitrogen and pH value in rhizosphere soil were significant different between MS, LT and MFS (P < 0.01). The results of the 6 detected parameters in MS were the lowest, in MFS were the highest and in LT were in the middle. The total N, ORG and available N in the cultivated A. lancea were lower than that in the wild ones (P < 0.01) and available P and pH value in the cultivated A. lancea were higher than that in wild ones (P < 0.01) and there was no difference in available K between the wild and cultivated ones in LT (P > 0.05); 3 available P in rhizosphere soil of the two years old A. lancea were higher than of the one year old A. lancea (P < 0.01) and there were no difference of total N, ORG, available N, available K and pH value in rhizosphere soil of A. lancea between one year and two years plant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIt is indicated that the growth of A. lancea in Mt. Mao is faced nutrient stress.

Atractylodes ; growth & development ; China ; Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; Organic Chemicals ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; Potassium ; analysis ; Rhizome ; growth & development ; Soil ; analysis

OBJECTIVEBasis on the dynamic changes of the ventilation and arterial blood gas parameters to symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), we further investigate the effect of alkalized blood by drinking 5% NaHCO3 on ventilation during exercise.

METHODSAfter drinking 5% NaHCO3 75 ml (3.75 g) every 5 min, total dosage of 0.3 g/Kg, 5 volunteers repeated CPET. All CPET and ABG data changes were analyzed and calculated. At the same time, CPET and ABG parameters after alkalized blood were compared with those before alkalized blood (control) used paired t test.

RESULTSAfter alkalized blood, CPET response patterns of parameters of ventilation, gas exchange and arterial blood gas were very similar (P > 0.05). All minute ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination were gradually increased from resting stage (P < 0.05-0.001), according to the increase of power loading. During CPET after alkalized blood, ABG parameters were compared with those of control: hemoglobin concentrations were lower, CaCO2 and pHa were increased at all stages (P < 0.05). The PaCO2 increased trend was clear, however only significantly at warm-up from 42 to 45 mmHg (P < 0.05). Compared with those of control, only the minute ventilation was decreased from 13 to 11 L/min at resting (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEven with higher mean CaCO2, PaCO2 and pHa, lower Hba and [H+]a, the CPET response patterns of ventilatory parameters after alkalized blood were similar.

Blood Gas Analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Respiration ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Tidal Volume

OBJECTIVEUnder the guidance of the holistic integrative physiology medicine, we reanalyzed the data during symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in order to investigate control and regulatory mechanism of breathing.

METHODSThis study investigated 5 normal volunteers who accepted artery catheter, performed CPET room air. Continuous measured pulmonary ventilation parameters and per minute arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis sample parameters during exercise. All CPET and ABG data changes were standard analyzed and calculated.

RESULTSWith gradually increasing power, minute oxygen uptake(every breath oxygen uptake x respiratory rate = O2 paulse x heart rate) and minute ventilation (tidal volume x respiratory rate) showed nearly linear progressive increase during the CPET(compared with the rest stage, P < 0.05 - 0.001); Minute ventilation increased even more significant after the anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point. PaO2 was increased at recovery 2 minutes (P < 0.05); PaCO2 was decreased after anaerobic threshold 2 minutes (P < 0.05); [H+]a was increased from AT (P < 0.05), and rapidly raised at last 2 minutes, remained high at recovery. Lactate was increased rapidly from AT (compared with resting, P < 0.05); bicarbonate decreased rapidly from AT (compared with resting, P < 0.05) and it's changed direction was contrary to lactic acid.

CONCLUSIONIn order to overcome the resistance of the power during exercise, metabolic rate othe body increased, respiratory change depend upon the change metabolism, and the accumulation of acidic products exacerbated respiratory reactions at high intensity exercise.

Anaerobic Threshold ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Exercise Test ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Respiration ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Tidal Volume

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes in the hemodynamics of rats with immunological liver fibrosis and explore the pathogenesis of "blood stasis" in liver fibrosis.

METHODSRat models of liver fibrosis were established by multiple intraperitoneal injections of pig serum. The hematocrit, blood viscosity at the shear rate of 150/s, 30/s, 5/s, and 1/s, serum markers for liver fibrosis, and serum transaminase levels were measured in the control and model rats.

RESULTSThe hematocrit, blood viscosity at different shear rates, hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen type III (PCIII), type IV collagen (CIV), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) increased significantly in the rats with experimental liver fibrosis appeared as compared with those in the control rats. Positive correlations were noted between blood viscosity at different shear rates and serum concentrations of the fibrosis markers (HA, LN, PCIII, and CIV) in the model rats.

CONCLUSIONThe changes in the hemodynamics in rats with immunological liver fibrosis suggests the role of "blood stasis" in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and provide experimental evidence for therapies to "activate the blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis" for treatment of liver fibrosis.

Animals ; Blood Viscosity ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; blood ; immunology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) is an exceptionally rare and malignant odontogenic tumor with aggressive growth characteristics. We describe a case of GCOC which was considerably derived from a previously resected calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT). Cellular atypia, mitotic activity, Ki-67 labeling index and matrix metalloprotease-9 positive expression rate were all increased in the currently resected specimen compared to the initial one. This is a rare case of malignant transformation of CCOT to GCOC with respect to its histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.
Odontogenic Tumors