Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Smell ; Young Adult

0.05).However,the shorter the history of the disease,the better the efficacy of the treatment.The younger the patient was,the better the efficacy of the treatment.Conclusions Vulva dystrophy can be treated with focused ultrasound effectively and safely.This approach appears to be a new promising treatment method.

Objective To explore a kind of simple and high efficient approach to differentiate human embryonic stem cells(hESCs)into neural stem cells(NSCs).Methods hESCs were cultured in bacterial culture dish filled with serum free medium to gain embryoid bodies.Then the mature embryoid bodies grew in the special medium including B27 and noggin by adherent culture to differentiate into NSCs. Results The hESCs kept floating in the bacterial culture dish and growing all the time and then formed mature embryoid bodies 7 to 10 days later.The embryoid bodies could be differentiated into highly pure (96.4%)nestin positive cells.And these cells were differentiated into all kinds of neural cells if cultured further.Conclusions This kind of method is less time-consuming,cheaper,and more efficient than those of the results in literatures reported.It affords very good source of seed cells for cell transplantation therapy in the future.

Objective To explore the relationship between gray matter heterotopia and epilepsy and assess the therapeutic effect of surgical intervention. Methods Six cases of gray matter heterotopia-induced epilepsy treated in our department between May, 2004 and May, 2006 were analyzed retrospectively for the clinical characteristics, surgical approaches, and the outcomes in the 2- to 4-year-long follow-up. Results All the patients received surgical interventions through different approaches, including resection of the heterotopic gray matter plus bipolar coagulation of the cortexes in 4 cases, heterotopic gray matter resection with bipolar coagulation of the cortexes and temporal lobectomy in 1 case, and exclusive bipolar coagulation of the cortexes in 1 case. Five patients were free of seizure attach and 1 patient showed significantly reduced seizure attack after the operation. Conclusion Surgical intervention can be effective for treatment of intractable epilepsy induced by gray matter heterotopia.

Schizophrenia is one of the common mental diseases. Because the mechanism of the schizophrenia is significantly complicated, the cause is still unknown. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist can simulate the positive and negative symptoms, as well as the cognitive disorder of schizophrenia. Thus it has been widely used to establish the animal models of schizophrenia. The relationship of the three blocking agents of ion channels (phencyclidine, MK-801, ketamine) and the establishment of schizophrenia animal models is reviewed in this article.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Consciousness Disorders/physiopathology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology* ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Ketamine/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology*

Objective To explore the effect of patent foramen ovale(PFO)on white matter lesions(WMLs) in migraine without aura(MwoA).Methods Thirty-five patients with MwoA were examined by contrast transcranial Doppler(cTCD)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).According to the results of PFO and MRI Flair data,the patients' age,sex and headache characteristics were matched,and the WMLs were compared between the PFO positive group and negative group.Results Seven cases of WMLs were recruited in PFO positive group(19 cases)and the WMLs were distributed in the frontal lobe and/or the parietal lobe.The score ranged from 1 to 7 points.Five cases of WMLs were enrolled in PFO negative group(16 cases)and the WMLs also were distributed in the frontal lobe and/or the parietal lobe.The score ranged from 1 to 3 points.There was no significant difference in WMLs between the groups(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion White matter lesions in migraine without aura are distributed in the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe,and these findings do not support a relationship between PFO and WMLs.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between signs similar to schizophrenia in mice after ketamine administration and the expressions of NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA in order to explain the possible pathogenesis of schizophrenia. METHODS: Fifty KM mice were randomly divided into 5 groups which were administered intraperitoneally with saline, clozapine and different dosages ketamine. The ketamine groups were administered intraperitoneally with low dosage (25 mg/kg), middle dosage (50 mg/kg) and high dosage (100 mg/kg) one time every day for 7 days. After administration of 100 mg/kg ketamine for 7 days, the clozapine group was introgastrically administered 20 mg/kg with clozapine one time every day for 7 days. The pathological changes of hippocampus neurons were observed by HE stain. The expressions of the NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA in hippocampus were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: In the group with high dosage of ketamine, the levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA were significantly lower than that of the group with saline. CONCLUSION Ketamine may induce signs similar to schizophrenia in KM mice. The mechanism may be involved in the reduction of NRG1 and ErbB4 mRNA expression.
Animals ; Clozapine/therapeutic use* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; ErbB Receptors/metabolism* ; Hippocampus/pathology* ; Ketamine/adverse effects* ; Male ; Mice ; Neuregulin-1/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Random Allocation ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Schizophrenia/genetics*

Objective To discuss the effect of the therapy of supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and free the collateral vessels on life quality in patients with the syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF).Method The patients(n=30)accorded with the diagnostic standard of Chinese and Western medicine were chosen and given Yiqihuoxuetongluo Decoction orally,one decoction and twice a day(200 mL once).One therapeutic course was 3 months and the patients were observed for 2 courses.St.George's respiratory-disease questionnaire(SGRQ)was taken as an examination tool to observe the improvement of life quality in the patients.Result After th treatment for 6 months the scores of respiratory symptoms and activity limitation,and the total integral decreased in SGRQ,and there was a difference before and after the treatment(P＜0.05).The score of disease impact decreased a little and there was a difference before and after the treatment(P＞0.05).Conclusion The therapy of supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and free the collateral vessels is significant to the life quality of the patients with the syndrome of qi deficiency and blood stasis of IPF.

Objective To construct recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding Swedish and Flemish mutations of amyloid precursor protein (APP) fused with fluorescent protein and to investigate the APP cleavage progress. Methods The last 300 bases of APP (named as C99 containing Flemish mutation), together with cyan and yellow fluorescence sequence (named as CFP and YFP,respectively) were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 54 bases in the middle of APP sequence were synthesized (named as 54 bp containing Swedish mutation). The 4 fragments mentioned above (CFP, YFP, C99 as well as 54 bp) were inserted into the vector pcDNA3.0. By genetic engineering, the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.0-CFP-54bp-YFP-C99 was constructed and identified by enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing. Then the plasmid was transfected into SH-SY5Y cells. Its expression was examined by fluorescence confocal microscopy and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal was collected. The amyloid beta (A) deposition was detected by immunocytochemistry. Results (1) DNA sequencing showed the sequence of the constructed recombinant plasmid was correct. (2) FRET and two types of fluorescence could be seen by the spectrum confocal fluorescence microscopy. (3) The expression product of fusion gene was correct and cleaved by and secretases. (4) The A deposition was detected in the cell membrane, cytoplasma and intercellular space. Conclusion (1) The fusion protein can generate A by and γproteolytic processing. (2) It is for the first time to observe the APP cleavage by FRET. (3) It is also the first time to find that APP may be cleaved during its transportation from cell plasma to cell membrane. (4) C99 is very important for the correct cleavage of APP. Our test data strongly suggest that C99 may function as the signal peptide. It might guide and direct the APP to the right location for the cleavage.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT) on respiratory muscle strength and clinical outcomes for machinery ventilates patients. Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CBM, Wanfang Database, CNKI and VIP were searched for the randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effect of TIMT on respiratory muscle strength and clinical outcomes from establishment to July 1st, 2018. Two researchers strictly evaluated literature quality and extracted information, and then a Meta-analysis was carried out. Results:A total of 14 literatures were included with 650 patients, 323 cases in the experimental group and 327 cases in the control group. Compared with the control group, the massive inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased (MD = -6.65, 95%CI -8.27~-5.03, P < 0.001), the respiratory muscle strength increased (MD = -5.04, 95%CI -7.68~-2.04, P = 0.0002), the weaning time reduced (MD = -1.01, 95%CI -1.65~-0.37, P = 0.002), the mechanical ventilation time shortened (MD= -2.24, 95%CI -4.33~-0.15, P = 0.04), as well as the intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (MD= -3.41, 95%CI -6.06~-0.76, P= 0.01). There was no significant difference in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (MD= 1.22, 95%CI -6.55~9.00, P = 0.76), the rate of reintubation/tracheotomy (RR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.56~1.73, P = 0.96) and mortality (RR= 1.05, 95%CI 0.53~2.06, P = 0.89) between two groups. Conclusion:TIMP could improve MIP and respiratory muscle strength of patients with mechanical ventilation, shorten the weaning time, the mechanical ventilation time and the ICU length of stay, and then reduce the incidence of weaning failure.