OBJECTIVETo analyze the factors which influence the safety and prognosis of aorta replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with coronary artery disease.

METHODSFrom May 1982 to October 2002, 67 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm were admitted, and 24 of them combined with CABG. Of the 24 patients, 9 received descending aorta replacement combined with CABG, and the other 15 received the ascending aorta replacement combined with CABG. The treatment results were compared with the other 43 patients only undergoing the thoracic aortic replacement.

RESULTSThe mortality rate of the patients with aorta replacement combined with CABG was 13% (3/24). Though the descending aorta replacement combined with CABG could make the cardiopulmonary bypass time and selective cerebral perfusion time longer, (278 +/- 54) min and (188 +/- 59) min respectively, no significant difference was observed in postoperative complications, 3-year survival rate, 3-year-cardiac-event-free rate compared with the patients only undergoing the thoracic aortic replacement (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe aorta replacement combined with CABG can be performed safely, and the revascularization for coronary artery disease is useful for preventing occurrence of cardiac events.

Aorta, Thoracic ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical experience about surgical treatment of aortic dissection.

METHODSThe clinical data of 51 patients with aortic dissection admitted from December 2004 to December 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 35 male and 16 female patients with a mean age of 55.7 years (ranged from 18 to 83-years-old). Twenty-seven patients of type I was performed under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selected cerebral perfusion with stent-graft which was implanted into the descending aorta through aorta arch. Five patients of type II was performed including Bentall operation in 3 patients, Wheat operation in 1 patient, ascending aorta replacement in 1 patient. Nineteen patients of type III was performed with stent-graft which was implanted into the descending aorta through aorta arch under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

RESULTSThe time of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in type I patients was 250 to 290 min with an average of (274 +/- 53) min, and the arrest time was 40 to 59 min with an average of (53 +/- 14) min. CPB time of type II patients was 130 to 159 min with an average of (146 +/- 43) min, and the cross clamp time was 60 to 79 min with an average of (66 +/- 15) min. CPB time of type III patients was 240 to 280 min with an average of (260 +/- 28) min, and the arrest time was 20 to 27 min with an average of (24 +/- 3) min. The mean hemorrhage volume of the entire group was (500 +/- 250) ml. The mean ICU retention time was (5.0 +/- 1.5) d and the length of stay was (15.0 +/- 2.5) d. Three patients died during perioperative period. Two patients appeared cerebrovascular accident after operation. One patient appeared descending aorta dilation in the follow-up of 2 to 21 months.

CONCLUSIONDifferent clinical manifestations and treatment should be selected according to the different condition of aortic dissection aneurysm.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; surgery ; Aorta, Thoracic ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents

OBJECTIVETo analysis the changes of two chemical constituents, namely 2, 3-dihydro-3, 5- dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) and 5-hydryoxymethyl-furfural (5-HMF) produced in Radix Polygoni Multiflori after processing, with processing time, and to determine the contents of 5-HMF in samples of Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata.

METHODAn HPLC method was applied with a Zobax SB-C18 (3.9 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) column by a elution using methanol-water (10: 90) as the mobile phase. The detection was set at UV 280 nm.

RESULTThe contents of DDMP were increasing with the processing time until 24 hour, followed by a decrease until 60 hour process. The contents of 5-HMF were increasing gradually throughout the 60 hour steaming process. The contents of 5-HMF in 11 samples of Radix Polygoni Multiflori preparata were from 0.013% to 0.101%, and only one in 4 samples of Radix Polygoni Multiflori containing trace amount of 5-HMF.

CONCLUSIONThe chemical components in Radix Polygoni Multiflori were changed during the processing procedures. Therefore, the processing of Radix Polygoni Multiflori should be controlled and standardized.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Polygonaceae ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

Congenital left ventricular diverticulum is a very rare cardiac abnormality and it is not completely understood about its etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. This article presents a case of large congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle. The clinical manifestation included paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The diagnosis was made by chest fluoroscopy observation and confirmed by 64-slice CT-angiography. The arrhythmia alleviated instead of antiarrhythmic drugs but by radiofrequency catheter ablation. Due to the rapid growth of the diverticulum, the patient underwent surgical resection finally. Owing to the fatal risks, clinicians should improve the understanding of this disease by deeply studying more cases, in order to standardize the treatment.
Adult ; Diverticulum ; diagnosis ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; methods ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; diagnosis ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey I thoracic aortic dissection.

METHODSFrom January 2006 to October 2010, 101 cases of DeBakey I aortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique, in which emergency surgery for 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25 female patients, aged from 21 to 77 years with a mean of (49 ± 8) years. Intraoperative ascending aortic replacement in 31 cases, Bentall procedure in 29 cases, Wheat procedure in 7 cases, David procedure in 34 cases. At the same time stent elephant trunk in the left subclavian artery corresponding position was windowed to rebuild the blood supply. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest cerebral protection was completed by bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion.

RESULTSThe mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was (212 ± 40) min, mean myocardial occlusion time was (95 ± 16) min, mean circulatory arrest time was (42 ± 8) min. Operative mortality was 1 case and hospital mortality was 5 case, which died of septicemia, acute renal failure and hemiplegia complicated with multiple organ failure. Compared with selective cerebral perfusion, the incidence of postoperative cerebral vascular accident and transient neurological dysfunction decreased. Seventy-six cases received aorta CTA before discharged, the closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 78.9%. Seventy-one patients were followed up for 5 to 49 months, 50 cases was reviewed by CTA, of which closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 88.0%, no late death and re-surgery.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey I thoracic aortic dissection was safe and effective, with less postoperative complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in biological behavior and clinical features between adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) and lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer (LESC), and to explore reasonable procedures for each cancer.

METHODSClinical data of 111 patients with AEG and 126 patients with LESC who underwent surgery from January 2004 to April 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Data pertaining to resection rate, lymph node metastasis, and postoperative complication rate were analyzed.

RESULTSThe resection rate was 94.6% for AEG and 97.6% for LESC, and the difference was not statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of lymph node metastasis in the mediastinum in patients with AEG was significantly lower [6.3%(7/111) vs. 32.5%(41/126), P<0.01], while the rate of lymph node metastasis in the abdomen was significantly higher [57.7%(64/111) vs. 34.1%(43/126), P<0.01]. The rate of lymph node metastasis in mediastinum of AEG was 12.5%(4/32) for Siewert I and 4.7%(3/64) for Siewert II, and there was no lymph node metastasis in Siewert III (n=15). For AEG patients who underwent trans-abdominal surgery, the rate of positive lymph node in the middle and lower mediastinum was significantly lower than trans-thoracic surgery [0/22 vs. 7.9% (7/89), P<0.05]. LESC via right thorax with two-field or three-field lymph node dissection was associated with a significantly higher rate of positive lymph node metastasis in the upper mediastinum than that of single incision via left thorax [17.9%(12/67) vs. 0/59, P<0.01]. The postoperative complication rates were 23.4%(26/111) and 27.0%(34/126) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAEG and LESC show different lymph node metastasis pattern and should be operated differently. Lymphadenectomy in mid-lower mediastinum should be emphasized in Siewert I and Siewert II type cancers.

Adenocarcinoma ; surgery ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Esophagogastric Junction ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophagus ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of gastrodine on the expression of NR1 mRNA of NMDA receptor in cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons injury induced by hypoxia.

METHODThe injury models of cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons was made by hypoxia and hypoglucose. The concentration of 13, 26, 52 mg x L(-1) of gastrodine was respectively added to the injured cells. The R-PCR technique was used to study the expression of NR1 mRNA of NMDA receptor.

RESULTThe expression of NR1 mRNA increased markedly in hypoxia and hypoglucose injured cells, the increased expression can be weakened by gastrodine, more significant effect was found in the concentration of 26 mg x L(-1) 52 mg x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONGastrodine may act as a neuro - protector by weakening the expression of NR1 mRNA in cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons injury induced by hypoxia and hypoglucose.

Animals ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; genetics ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the classification criterion and surgical treatment strategy of intrathoracic esophageal injury caused by foreign body.

METHODSEighty-four patients with intrathoracic esophageal injury caused by foreign body in our department from January 1980 to April 2004 were divided into 4 grade: grade I was non-penetrated injury of esophagus (18 cases); grade II was esophageal perforation with mild mediastinitis (39 cases); grade III was esophageal perforation with severe intrathoracic infection (17 cases); grade IV was aortoesophageal fistula (10 cases). Based on the degree of esophageal injury and the extension of inflammation, operative procedures were selected including esophagotomy, esophageal reparation, esophagectomy, mediastinal drainage, reparation of fistula and replacement of aorta.

RESULTSPatients in grade I and II were all cured . One death occurred in grade III (1/17), the same in Grade IV was 9 (9/10).

CONCLUSIONSClassification of esophageal injury caused by foreign body is helpful to the decision of surgical treatment strategy. The prevention of aortoesophageal fistula is the key point of reducing of mortality.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Esophageal Perforation ; classification ; etiology ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Esophagoscopy ; Esophagus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Alterations of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and autophagy have been involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, dynamic imaging of ALP function under lung I/R injury particularly is not fully understood. Here we depicted the live-cell fluorescence imaging of autophagosome to monitor ALP activation and autophagy function. The pAsRed2-N1-LC3 vectors were transfected into CRL-2192 NR8383 (an alveolar macrophage cell line) and CCL149 (an alveolar epithelial cell line) successfully. 0-h, 2-h, 4-h, and 6-h hypoxia/0-h, 2-h, 4-h, and 6-h reoxygenation were then induced with an ALP inhibitor (3-MA) or activator (rapamycin) in the culture of transfected cells separately. ALP activation was conformed by up-regulating AMPK and beclin1 expression. Apoptosis was not obvious in 2-h hypoxia/2-h reoxygenation. pAsRed2-N1-LC3 CCL149 and pAsRed2-N1-LC3 NR8383 cells revealed gradually enhanced AsRed2 from 2-h to 6-h hypoxia/reoxygenation. AsRed2 varied sensitively to 3-MA and rapamycin interventions during 2-h hypoxia/reoxygenation. Our data provides a simple method of autophagosome imaging to monitor ALP activation and autophagy function in lung I/R injury.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Lysosomes ; physiology ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Rats ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of telomerase in various lesions of adrenal cortex.

METHODSBy autoradiography-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol, telomerase expression was detected in 36 samples of adrenocortical lesions, including 29 cases adrenocortical adenoma (8 Cushing's syndrome, 17 aldosteronism and 4 nonfunctional adenomas), 5 cases of hyperplasia of adrenal cortex (presented with Chushing' syndrome), 2 cases adrenocortical carcinoma, and 4 samples of normal adrenal cortex.

RESULTSOf the 40 samples, 2 cases of adrenocortical carcinomas had telomerase expression, and the others had no telomerase expression detected.

CONCLUSIONSNo significant telomerase expression was found among different endocrine functional benign adrenocortical lesions. Telomerase expression may be used as an important marker of malignant adrenocortical tumor.

Adrenal Cortex ; enzymology ; Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Adrenocortical Adenoma ; enzymology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Cushing Syndrome ; enzymology ; Humans ; Telomerase ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; genetics