Objective To observe the changes of neural stem cells(NSCs) in subventricular in developing human fetal brain at(diffe)-rent ages.Methods Thirty cases of embryoes at gestational age 24-28 weeks induced by labor with water bag were collected to determin distribution,shapes and growth modes in subventricular with hybridization in situ under light microscope.Results NSCs expressing Nestin mRNA existed in subventricular from human fetal brain at different ages,NSCs existed in subventricular of different fetal age included astro-NSCs,each had enations from 3 to 6,and all projections crowded together into a reticular plexiform,in which NSCs districuted.Nucli were round in shape,each had nucleoli from 1 to 4.NSCs had rarefaction chromatin,most NSCs existed in a single growth mode,symmetral cleavage growth mode and clony with 3 NSCs would be seen.There were no differences between positive Nestin mRNA NSCs in distribution and cell shapes,but had differences in growth mode.Conclusion NSCs exist in subventricular from different gestational ages and their growth mode are changing with difference of gestational age.

Objective To explore a precise and dependable method for determining neural stem cells(NSCs)in hippocampus from human fetal brain.Methods Ten cases of embryo at gestational age 32 weeks and induction of labor with water bag were collected,affused and sliced including frost slice and paraffin slice for determining alteration of tissue and NSCs in hippocampus from human fetal brain with HE stain and immunohistochemical staining under light microscope.Results Nestin proteins located in NSCs and the number of NSCs were less in paraffin slice of tissue than those in frost slice.Integrality of structure of tissues and cells in paraffin slice excelled in frost slice.Conclusions There is a precise and dependable method including induction of labor with water bag and allusion and frost slice,which is necessary for wide useness in study of NSCs in human fetal brain.

Cerebral Hemorrhage ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control

Resident standardization training is a major part of education of medical students after graduation , and is extremely important for high-level physician training and raising the quality of medical treatment. We trained the residents comprehensively according to the characteristics of echocardiography in terms of theoretical knowledge, clinical manipulative skills, clinical thinking ability, scientific research ability and communication and team cooperation ability, and carried out the relative examination according to the training. On the basis of practice, we explored the establishment of a standardized training mode and evaluation system suitable for echocardiography resident doctors in China.

Objective To investigate a simple and dependable approach to establish the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model in neonatal rat. Methods Twenty-one neonatal rats of 7 days old were randomly divided into control group,hypoxic group,and hypxic-ischemic group.Every group was randomly divided into 3 hours,6 hours,1 day,3 days,7 days, 14 days,and 21 days group,according to the time of killing.Left common carotid artery of neonatal rats at age of 7 days in hypoxic-ischemic group were ligated.Then,the rats in hypoxic and hypoxic-ischemic group were put in a state of 8% oxygen for 2.5 hours. Brain tissues of rats in 3 groups were observed with HE staining under light microscope.Results In hypoxic-ischemic group,there was found mild brain damage after hypoxic-ischomic 3 hours,the brain lesion was most severe at 1 day,glial cell proliferation was found at 3 days,much neur were losed at 14,21 days,and colloid scar was formed in cortex,striatum and hippocampi.Conclusion The method that left common carotid ontery of neonatal rats were ligated and then put in 8% oxygen for 2.5 hours is simple, rapid and dependable, which can be applied widely.

Objective To investigate the characters of culture of neural stem cells(NSCs) from neonatal rats in different states in vitro.Methods Forty-two neonatal rats at age 7 days were divided randomly into 3 groups as control group,hypoxic group and hypoxic-ischemic group,each having 14 rats.Forteen rats of every group divided randomly into 7 small groups,each including 3 h,6 h,1 d,3 d,(7 d),14 d and 21 d,according to the time to put to death,each having 2 rats.After builting rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,NSCs from hippocampus in 3 groups were isolated,then cultured,passed,differentiated and differentiated with single cell clone and immunocytochemistry tecnique.Results NSCs in hippocampus from 3 groups were cultured in form of typical neuraospheres in suspension.The cells could be cloned,passed continuously and induced.There were differences among 3 groups when primary NSCs were cultured at 3 h and 6 h time points.But at 1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d time points,clony neuraospheres from primary NSCs in hypoxic group were the most among 3 groups while clony neuraospheres from primary NSCs in hypoxic-ischemic group were the lest.Conclusions NSCs from hippocampus of neonatal rats in different states remain to be cultured,meanwhile,NSCs are decreased with increase of age,elongation of illness course and progress of state of an illness.

Objective To study the effects of matrine on accumulation of ? globin mRNA and induction of erythroid differentiation in K562 cells in vitro.Methods K562 cells were cultured for 6 days with different concentration of matrine,viable cell counts were determined by trypan-blue dye exdusion test. Erythroid differentiation was evaluated by percentage of benzidine-positive cells at different days after culture. Morphological changes were observed under microscope after Wright-Gimesa staining; ? globin mRNA was quantitative by real time quantitative reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Different concentrations of matrine inhibited proliferation of K562 cells in dose-dependent manner; otherwise, K562 cells were successfully induced by erythroid differentiation with matrine. After treatment with matrine, percentage of benzidine-positive cells significantly increased from 0.7% to 15.7% and characteristic changes of erythroid differentiation in the cell morphology were observed, G? globin mRNA had a preferential increase (2.7 fold)in K562 cells. Conclusions Matrine accumulation G? globin mRNA and induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells. The results provides an experimental evidence for the pharmacological therapy of hematological diseases associated with a failure in the expression of normal ? globin genes.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of simvastatin on cobalt choride ( CoCl2 ) -induced hypoxia and reoxygenation injury on alveolar type Ⅱ cells and the underlying mechanisms.Methods CoCl2 was used to establish the hypoxia and reoxygenation injury model on AT Ⅱ cells.Blank,control and variant doses simvastatin-treated groups ( 5,10,20,30,50,100 μ mol/L) were designed in the present study.The proliferation of AT Ⅱ cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 ( CCK-8 ) assay.The percentage of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry AV/PI double-staining.The protein levels of surfactant protein-C (SP-C) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in AT Ⅱ cells was determined by Western blot.Results As compared with the control group,pretreatment with low dose (5 - 20 μmol/L),but not high dose simvastatin (50 - 100 μmol/L) markedly reduced A549 cells apoptosis,and increased their proliferation and the protein levels of SPC and PCNAin vitro.The protective effect could be reversed in vitro by L-mevalonate,a simvastatin competitive inhibitor,which indicated that the inhibition of mevalorate pathway was involved in the simvastatin induced AT Ⅱ cells function restoration.Condusion Low doses simvastatin reversed CoCl2-induced hypoxia and reoxygenation injury of AT Ⅱ cells.The inhibition of mevalonate pathway contributed to simvastatin induced AT Ⅱ cells function restoration.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alprostadil ; pharmacology ; Anticoagulants ; pharmacology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dextrans ; pharmacology ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Heparin ; pharmacology ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; etiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanisms involved in the ligustrazine alleviation of the pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with chronic cor pulmonale (CCP) during exacerbation.

METHODSSeventy patients of COPD and CCP with acute exacerbation were randomly and equally divided into control group and treatment group. The control group received standard treatment with antibiotics, antiasthmatic and expectorant medications, and oxygenation; and the ligustrazine treatment group received ligustrazine treatment (80 mg/d; i.v.; for 2 weeks) in addition to the standard treatment. Before and at the end of 2 week treatment, the clinic responses of the two regimens were evaluated, plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were determined; arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), outflow tract of right ventricle (RVOT), and internal diameter of right ventricle (RV) were measured.

RESULTSGood clinic benefits were achieved in both the standard and ligustrazine regimens, plasma level of ET-1, values of mPAP, RV and RVOT decreased significantly, plasma level of NO and PaO2 values decreased (all P < 0.01 vs pre-treatment to all parameters). Compared with the control group, ligustrazine greatly enhanced the clinic efficacy from 77.1% to 97.1% (P < 0.05), and also resulted in more significant changes of all these parameters (P < 0.01 vs control group for all parameters). For both groups, the levels of plasma ET-1 were positively correlated with values of mPAP, RVOT, and RV (r = 0.710, 0.853, and 0.766, respectively, all P = 0.000), and negatively correlated with plasma NO and PaO2 (r = - 0.823, and - 0.752, respectively, all P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONLigustrazine is effective in treating pulmonary artery hypertension during acute exacerbation of COPD and CCP in patients from the plateau area. The observed changes in the plasma levels of NO and ET-1 in response to ligustrazine treatment suggest that ligustrazine may act through the selective effect on pulmonary blood vessels to enhance the synthesis and release of NO and suppress those of ET-1 from lung vascular endothelial cells, thus reducing pulmonary artery pressure and decreasing pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Altitude ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Chronic Disease ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiopathology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; Respiration