It is a common phenomenon that medical research is out of line with clinical work at present. In fact, there is intrinsic interrelation between clinical work and research. Thinking and exploration at clinics are part of the research, and any research based on chnical work not only has great value, but also receives strong support from the state. However, to translate clinical research into clinical practice is difficult, which requires evidence-based methodology, a knowledgable team with persistence andtechnologies, et al.

BackgroundThe neutrophils infiltration and vascular endothelium damage are found in the patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).Calprotectin existes in the cytosol outside lysoome.It is thought to be a marker of inflammation.The effect of calprotectin in the development of DR is still in the study. Objective This study was to investigate the contents of plasma calprotectin in different stages of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods This was a case-control study.Sixty consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study.The patients were assigned to non-DR (NDR) group,non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group and proliferative DR (PDR)group according to fundus appearance and fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) manifestation and 20 patients for each group.Twenty healthy subjects matched in gender,age and blood biochemical indicators were collected as the normal control group.The periphery blood samples were collected from the subjects for the detection of plasma calprotectin by ELISA.The plasma calprotectin levels were compared among different stages of DR and normal subjects.All subjects had signed informed consents.Results The contents of plasma calprotectin were (57.70±12.29 ),( 72.07± 10.14 ),( 87.70 ± 10.37 ),( 94.36 ± 9.40 ) ng/L in the normal control group,NDR group,NPDR group,PDR group respectively,with a statistically significant difference among 4 groups (F =73.09,P＜0.001 ).The content of calprotectin in PDR group showed a highest value in comparison with normal control group,NDR group and PDR group(q =20.157,10.648,4.497,P＜0.01 ).The content of calprotectin in NPDR group was significantly higher than that in NDR group( q=6.216,P＜0.01 ). ConclusionsPlasma calprotectin may play a role during the development of DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient.

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of controlled continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis(CCC) technique in short axial length and shallow anterior chamber eyes.METHODS:Sixty-eight patients(68 eyes) with short axial length and shallow anterior chamber were included.The routine CCC technique was used in 32 cases (32 eyes) and controlled CCC technique was used in 36 cases (36 eyes).The success rate and complication were compared between two groups. RESULTS:The success rate of the routine technique group and controlled technique group was 53. 13% and 86.11% respectively. Incomplete CCC leading to posterior capsule tears was 9.38% and zero in two groups respectively.CONCLUSION: Controlled CCC technique can increase the success rate and reduce complications in short axial length and shallow anterior chamber eyes.KEYWORDS:phacoemulsification; continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis; complication

Objective To study the methods and outcome of 71 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with microelectrode-guided stereotactic pallidotomy and thalamotomy. Method Pallidal and thalamal target sites are chosen by supervision of microelectrode recording technique in 71 patients with Parkinson's disease. The UPDRS motor score was used to evaluate the outcomes 12 weeks before and after operation Result After 12 months follow-up, tremor disappeared completely or nearly completely in 12 patients who underwent unilateral and l bilateral ventrolateral thalamotomy. Dramatic improvement of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia were observed in 57 patients underwent posteroventral pallidotomy,including 6 underwent bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. Intracerebral hemorrhage was observed in l patient. Conclusion Microelectrode-guided stereotactic pallidotomy and thalamotomy are effective in treatmenting Parkinson's disease, but with serious complications

Objective To investigate the protective effects of simvastatin on cobalt choride ( CoCl2 ) -induced hypoxia and reoxygenation injury on alveolar type Ⅱ cells and the underlying mechanisms.Methods CoCl2 was used to establish the hypoxia and reoxygenation injury model on AT Ⅱ cells.Blank,control and variant doses simvastatin-treated groups ( 5,10,20,30,50,100 μ mol/L) were designed in the present study.The proliferation of AT Ⅱ cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 ( CCK-8 ) assay.The percentage of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry AV/PI double-staining.The protein levels of surfactant protein-C (SP-C) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in AT Ⅱ cells was determined by Western blot.Results As compared with the control group,pretreatment with low dose (5 - 20 μmol/L),but not high dose simvastatin (50 - 100 μmol/L) markedly reduced A549 cells apoptosis,and increased their proliferation and the protein levels of SPC and PCNAin vitro.The protective effect could be reversed in vitro by L-mevalonate,a simvastatin competitive inhibitor,which indicated that the inhibition of mevalorate pathway was involved in the simvastatin induced AT Ⅱ cells function restoration.Condusion Low doses simvastatin reversed CoCl2-induced hypoxia and reoxygenation injury of AT Ⅱ cells.The inhibition of mevalonate pathway contributed to simvastatin induced AT Ⅱ cells function restoration.

Taking application of some isolation and purification technologies, such as solvent extraction, preliminary solvent isolation, column chromatographies over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel and preparative HPLC, 10 compounds were obtained from Gynura nepalensis cultivated in the suburban area of Beijing. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature as (3R) -3-hydroxy-β-ionone (1), (3S,5R, 6S, 7E) -5, 6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (2), (+) -boscialin (3), 3, 6-trans-3-hydroxy-α-ionone (4), 3, 6-cis-3-hydroxy-α-ionone (5), 3, 4-cis-3, 4-dihydroxy-β-ionone (6), ethyl caffeate (7), loliolide (8), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (9), and 3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole (10), respectively. All compounds were isolated from the title plant for the first time, and with compounds 1, 2, 4-7, 9 and 10 being isolated from Gynura species for the first time. Structurally, the above compounds 1-6 belong to C13 nor-sesquiterpenoids, sharing the same carbon skeleton of megastigmane. According to this study, they are one of major kinds of chemical constituents of Gynura nepalensis and have important reference value for the investigation on phytotaxonomy of this species.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Caffeic Acids ; chemistry ; Cyclohexanones ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; Indoles ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Norisoprenoids ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo further explore the effect of Jiangu Erxian Pill (JGEXP) on proliferation and cell cycle of human osteoblast on the basis of previous clinical and experimental studies.

METHODSHuman primary osteoblast were isolated and cultured. The cell proliferation was tested by 3H-thymine incorporation and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MMT) method and the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry technique.

RESULTSIn the medium and high dosage JGEXP groups, the cell proliferation rate and index, and percentage of diploid synthesis phase (S phase) cells were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and similar to those in the estrogen group; and the cell apoptosis rate and percentage of G0-G1 stage cells were lower than those in the blank control group (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONJGEXP could effectively promote the cell proliferation and differentiation, and prevent the cell apoptosis of osteoblast in vitro.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) and organophosphate compound that could produce organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in hen and other sensitive species, directly affect oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cell of the central nervous system.

METHODSThis was achieved by a combination of measurements of cell viability (MTT) cell pathological observation in the presence and absence of the compound cultured hen brain oligodendrocytes were prepared and treated with various concentrations of TOCP.

RESULTSIn a time-course experiment TOCP showed a cytotoxic effect to oligodendrocytes and led to the oligodendrocyte processes disintegrated and membranous blebs, cytoplasmic vacuolation following exposure time of 24 h or longer, it showed a dose-depended and time-depended manner cytotoxic effect to oligodendrocytes at dose levels of 0.5 approximately 1.5 microg/ml (1.35 approximately 4.05 mol/L) concentrations of TOCP for 24 - 72 h exposure. MTT experiment indicated that TOCP inhibited cell viability by dose-depended manner at dose levels of 0.5 approximately 1.5 microg/ml (1.35 approximately 4.05 mol/L) concentrations of TOCP for an 24 h exposure.

CONCLUSIONSTOCP is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes and leads to the oligodendrocyte processes disintegrated and membranous blebs, vacuolar degeneration, which suggests that this oligodendrocyte degeneration may involve in the pathogenesis mechanism for OPIDN.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; pathology ; Chickens ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Oligodendroglia ; drug effects ; pathology ; Tritolyl Phosphates ; toxicity ; Vacuoles ; drug effects ; pathology

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Methods The clinical data of 23 patients with pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma confirmed by pathology from May 1993 to October 2005 was retrospectively studied. Results Fifteen cases of mucinous cystadenoma, 4 cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and 4 cases of mucinous cystadenoma with malignancy were included in this data. Ultrasonography, CT, and MRI/MRCP displayed a cystic tumor in 73.7%, 68.8%, and 83.3% of all patients, respectively. The mean diameter of the tumors was 9.4 cm, and the maximum diameter of the tumors was 20 cm. Pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, local excision of cystadenoma and other procedures were performed according to the site of tumors. The resectable rate was 82.6%. Twenty-one patients (91.3%) were followed up. All of the 14 patients with mucinous cystadenoma were alive with the follow-up from 4 months to 11 years after operation. Two of the 4 cases of mucinous cystadenoma with malignancy were alive with the follow-up of 5 months and 4 years after operations, while the other 2 died with the survival time of 15 months and 18 months. One patient with mucinous cystadenocacinoma was alive 5 months after operation, while the other 2 died with the survival time of 7 months and 13 months. Conclusion Mucinous cystadenoma has a malignant tendency. As the mucinous cystadenocacinoma is a low malignant potential tumor, the resectable rate is high and prognosis is satisfactory. The excision of total tumor including the surrounding pancreatic tissue is the first choice of the treatment. Pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, and other procedures according to the site tumors is feasible.

Background Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27-associated uveitis is one of the most common causes of non-infectious uveitis.T helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in human autoimmune diseases,but the pathology research on the production of Th17 cells in acute anterior uveitis patients positive for HLA-B27 was rarely reported.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and significance of the peripheral blood T helper cell subsets (Th1,Th2,Th17) in acute anterior uveitis patients positive for HLA-B27.Methods This study meets the criteria of the Helsinki Declaration.Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.A prospective cohort design was used in this study.Twenty-two patients with acute anterior uveitis positive for HLA-B27 were enrolled from Affiliated Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,and 16 normal healthy subjects with matched gender and age were enrolled as controls.The expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ),interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-17 on lymphocytes (CD4+) in blood were assessed by flow cytometry,and immunoturbidimetry was used to detect the C reactive protein (CRP) level in blood.The degree of the severity of disease was evaluated by clinical scoring.The correlations between the percentage of IFN-γ+Th1,IL-4+Th2,or IL-17+Th17 with clinical factors and CRP were analyzed.Results The percentages of IFN-γ+Th1 and IL-17+Th17 in the peripheral blood were (23.11 ±9.69) ％ and (3.96±2.92) ％ in the patient group,showing a significant increase in comparison with (16.00±4.26)％ and (1.68±0.60) ％ in the control group (P=0.041,P=0.002).However,the IL-4+Th2 level was not significantly different between the patient group (0.33％ ±0.36％) and the control group (0.56％ ±0.34％) (P=0.122).No significant correlations were found between the percentage of IFN-γ+ Th1 with disease severity and CRP (r =0.197,P =0.500 ; r =0.253,P =0.383),between the percentage of IL-4+ Th2 with disease severity and CRP (r =0.068,P =0.817 ; r =0.439,P =0.116) as well as between the percentage of IL-17 + Th17 with CRP (r =0.226,P =0.436).However,a positive correlation was seen between the percentage of IL-17+ Th17 with disease severity (r =0.805,P =0.001).Conclusions IFN-γ and IL-17 in human CD4+T cells are significantly elevated in the blood of HLA-B27-related acute anterior uveitis patients.Disease severity is associated with the percentage of IL-17 +Th17,suggesting that Th1 cells together with Th17 cells participate in the pathogenesis of the disease and Th17 cells might play a dominant role in the disease.