Twelve cases of Bartter's syndrome were reported and reviewed retrospectively.Usually vomiting was the first sympton in children,while fatigue was common in adults.Bartter's syndrome was characteristic of hypokalemia,metabolic alkalosis,elevations of plasma renin activity,serum angiotersinⅡand aldosterone and juxtaglomerular apperatus hyperplasia.Supplementation of potassium choloride was the main manner of therapy.

Objective To investigate the causes,consequences and management of injuries to the draining veins after embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations(BAVMs)with ?-n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).Methods The angiographic imaging data of 189 BAVMs patients who underwent NBCA embolization were studied retrospectively.The status of the draining veins before and after NBCA embolization was observed and compared.The intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)complications and their relation to their angiographic features were analyzed.Results Twenty-three patients out of 189 patients showed injuries to the draining venous system,including 10 low-grade injury,6 moderate injury,and 7 high- grade injury.Six patients suffered from ICH after embolization,of whom 4 patients were due to injuries of the draining veins(2 moderate and 2 high-grade).In the 3 months follow-up evaluation of 4 patients with ICH, one died,one was in vegetative state,and the other two patients suffered from residual severe or minor (1 patient for each)permanent neurological deficits.Conclusion Our findings suggest that injury of the draining veins is the major cause of ICH and may lead to serious consequences after embolization of BAVMs with NBCA.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of enterovirus (EV) infection in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI).

METHODSA total of 404 samples (with odd numbers) of nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from the children who were hospitalized in the Children's Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital due to ALRTI between September 2007 and April 2008. The conserved sequence in the 5'-noncoding region of EV was used to design the primer, and nested RT-PCR was performed to detect EV in the samples.

RESULTSOf the 404 samples, 19 (4.7%) were EV-positive, and mostly taken from children under 3 years of age (95%); there was no significant difference in the detection rate between male and female children. Of the EV-positive children, 13 (68%) were clinically diagnosed with bronchial pneumonia, and 6 (32%) with bronchiolitis; 90% of them showed symptoms of fever, 84% had a cough, 63% had asthma, and 63% had complications mainly including diarrhea (6 cases), granulocytopenia (4 cases), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 cases). In addition, 26% of the EV-positive children had leukocyte disorder, more than half had liver dysfunction, and a few had myocardial involvement.

CONCLUSIONSEV is a pathogen that should not be neglected in children with ALRTI. For these children, close attention should be paid to the epidemiological status and clinical features of EV infection, and blood routine examination, liver function test and myocardial enzyme assay should be carried out periodically to improve prognosis.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology

OBJECTIVETo study the surgical approach and curative effect of the "interlocking basket" technique in interventional therapy for longitudinal intracranial aneurysm.

METHODSThirty-eight Hunt and Hess Grade I-III patients with longitudinal intracranial aneurysm underwent interventional therapy using the "interlocking basket" technique. During the operation, the aneurysm was divided into two segments based on its length and occluded with two coils. The first coil with a transverse diameter matching that of the aneurysm was deployed to form a "basket", which was densely occluded, and a portion of this coil out of the "basket" was interlocked with the second coil to form another "basket" crossing the aneurysmal neck to prevent the coils from escaping till the neck of the aneurysm was densely occluded.

RESULTSThirty-five aneurysms (92.1%) were completely embolized, and 3 (7.9%) were 95% embolized. No coil escaping from the aneurysm neck or other complications occurred. Twenty-five patients were discharged with a GOS score of 5 (65.8%), 7 (18.4%) with a score of 4, and 6 (15.8%) had a score of 3. In the follow-up for 3-25 months after the embolization, angiography was performed in 28 cases, and recurrence was found in 2 cases (7.14%).

CONCLUSIONThe "interlocking basket" technique can increase the coil stability in longitudinal intracranial aneurysm and allows reliable block of the aneurysm neck and dense embolization of the aneurysm to improve the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Aged ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

The promoter of NAR gene in Magnaporthe grisea was isolated and sequenced. The promoter sequences contained the "TATA" box, the "CAAT" box, and binding sites for fungal regulatory proteins. Programs that predict promoter sequences indicated that promoter sequence lies between locations 430 and 857 of the NAR promoter fragment. GFP expression under the NAR promoter and NAR transcript analysis revealed that this promoter is activated primarily at the mycelial stage in the rice blast fungus and could be used to express native or extrinsic genes in the mycelia of the rice blast fungus.
Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Hyphae ; genetics ; Magnaporthe ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; genetics

Objective The main objective of this study was to explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of human coronavirus NL63 infection in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in Changsha.Methods Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) samples were collected from 1185 hospitalized children with ALRTI at the People's Hospital of Hunan province,between September 2008 and October 2010.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to screen for coronavirus NL63,which is a 255 bp fragment of a part of N gene.All positive amplification products were confirmed by sequencing and compared with those in GenBank.Results The overall frequency of coronavirus NL63 infection was 0.8％,6 (60％) out of the coronavirus NL63 positive patients were detected in summer,2 in autumn,1 in spring and winter,respectively.The patients were from 2 months to two and a half years old.The clinical diagnosis was bronchopneumonia ( 60％ ),bronchiolitis ( 30％ ),and acute laryngotracheal bronchitis( 10％ ).Four of the 10 cases had critical illness,4 cases had underlying diseases,and 7 cases had mixed infection with other viruses. The homogeneity of coronavirus NL63 with those published in the GenBank at nucleotide levels was 97％-100％.Conclusion Coronavirus NL63 infection exists in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection in Changsha.Coronavirus NL63 infections are common in children under 3 years of age.There is significant difference in the infection rate between the boys and the girls:the boys had higher rate than the girls.The peak of prevalence of the coronavirus NL63 was in summer.A single genetic lineage of coronavirus NL63 was revealed in human subjects in Changsha.Coronavirus NL63 may also be one of the lower respiratory pathogen in China.

Objective：This study was designed to establish a salivary EBV-EA IgA and DNase IgA test technique, and seek a fast and specific diagnostic technique for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods：Polypeptides of EBV-DNase(ED) and EA-D was synthesized as catching antigens. With ELISA technique, IgA/ED and IgA/EA-D were evaluated respectively in saliva and serum from NPC patients and healthy volunteers. Results：After statistic analysis of the optical density(OD) values of samples, the diagnostic criteria of NPC in the examination of either IgA/ED or IgA/EA-D was defined as following：OD≥ 0.3 for serum and OD≥ 0.45 for saliva. Significantly statistical difference existed between the values of either IgA/ED or IgA/EA-D titer in patients with NPC and the values in healthy volunteers,P<0.0001. The coincidence rates between the diagnosis of above IgA/ED or IgA/EA-D titer testes and corresponding histological diagnosis were 72.6％ － 77.3％ . Conclusion： The Elisa test to detect salivary IgA/ED and IgA/EA-D with synthesized polypeptides is a simple, repeatable, and cheap technique with stability and sensitivity. However its coincidence rate with histology should be improved.?

Objective： There were variations of EBV genome from different areas and they may affect the biologic function of EBV (such as LMP1). EBV-BARF0 was highly detected in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) and it s variations have not been reported. This study was designed to determine the sequence and variation of EBV-BARF0 gene in the patieats with NPC from Guangdong area. Methods： PCR was used to amplify the EBV-BARF0 gene in 20 patients with NPC and the productions were sequenced on the ABI377. Results： Comparing with standard B95-8, there were four loci with variances including： 160473 （ G→ T） , 160545 （ C→ T） , 160701 （ C→ A） , 160707 （ G→ C） of sequences and 2 （ Ala→ Ser） , 26 （ Leu→ Phe） , 78 （ Arg→ Ser） , 80 （ Ala→ Pro） of amino acid in 20 patients with NPC. Conclusion： Since the BARF0 gene of EBV is expressed in all nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line and biopsies, but it is not expressed or less frequenly in lymphoma tissues and cell lines,the authors firstly reported the variation of EBV-BARF0 which compared with B95-8 in the patieats with NPC from Guangdong area. These suggest that the gene may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of Shuanghua aerosol (SHA) in treating infantile upper respiratory tract infection. Methods: In the clinical study, 276 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The treated group was treated with SHA and the control group was treated with Shuanghuanglian aerosol (SHLA, 双黄连气雾剂). In the experimental study, the effects of SHA on anti-inflammation and anti-virus were observed. Results: The clinical total effective rate of SHA was 99.03% and its cure rate 65.38%, while those of the SHLA were 94.11% and 44.12% respectively, significant difference was shown between the two groups (P<0.01). Experimental study showed that SHA could inhibit the xylol induced ear swelling and the egg white induced paw swelling in mice obviously, and inhibit the proliferation of influenza virus in rat's lung. Conclusion: SHA has obvious anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effect, and has good curative effect in treating infantile upper respiratory tract infection.

OBJECTIVETo study the virus spectrum of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and risk factors for the disease in children.

METHODSRespiratory secretion specimens were collected from 1096 children hospitalized with CAP from June 2007 to November 2008, including 100 cases of severe CAP. Respiratory viruses were detected by PCR, nest-PCR or RT-PCR. Clinical data on the children were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for examining risk factors for severe CAP.

RESULTSViral pathogens were isolated from 82 (82%) of the 100 cases with severe CAP. RSV was the most common (37%), followed by HBoV (25%) and HRV (18%). Mixed infection was noted in 32 cases (32%). The presence of underlying diseases (OR=6.623, P<0.01) and RSV infection (OR=1.672, P<0.05) were risk factors for severe CAP in children, while age was a protective factor (OR=0.475, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSRSV is the most frequent viral pathogen in children with severe CAP. The presence of underlying diseases and RSV infection may be risk factors for severe CAP, while age is a protective factor.

Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections ; virology ; Female ; Human bocavirus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pneumonia, Viral ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Risk Factors