Objective To investigate the effects of [Gly14]-Humanin(HNG) on SOD, MDA, GSH and cell apopto?sis in a rat model of secondary brain injury. Methods One hundred thirty-five adult and healthy male rats were random?ly divided into 3 groups: sham model group (n=45), vehicle control group (n=45) and HNG group (n=45). Secondary brain injury was induced in the vehicle control and HNG groups using improved Feeney method. Vehicle control received abdominal injections of Sodium Chloride Injection (2 ml/kg) whereas the HNG group received abdominal injections of HNG (2 μL/kg) immediately and 24 h after injury. Each group was divided into three subgroups (n=15 rats per each group) by sacrificed time including 1 h, 3 d, and 7 d after injury. The expression levels of SOD, MDA and GSH of the brain tissue were analyzed and the cell apoptosis was examined using TUNEL method after brain contusion. Results MDA and cell apoptosis around the lesion started to increased at 1h, reached a peak at 3d and then gradually subsided but still remained a higher level at 7 d than 1 h. HNG significantly attenuated brain injury-induced increase in MDA and apopto?sis at all time points (P<0.05). By contrast, SOD started to decrease at 1h, reached the lowest point at 3 d and then gradu? ally recovered but still remained a lower level at 7 d than 1 h. HNG significantly mitigated brain injury-induced increase in MDA and apoptosis at all time points (P<0.05). The time course of GSH expression followed a pattern similar to that of MDA. MDA expression was strongly positive correlated with the number of cell apoptosis (r=0.720, P<0.05), strongly neg?ative correlated with the level of SOD and GSH(r=-0.702, P<0.05;r=-0.674, P<0.05). Conclusions After brain injury, HNG inhibits oxidative stress levels and reduces apoptosis, thereby mitigating secondary brain injury.

Animals ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Male ; Muramidase ; biosynthesis ; Quartz ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis JA antagonized a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens. Crude lipopeptides were extracted with methanol from the precipitate which was obtained by adding 6 mol/L HCl to the cell-free culture broth.The crude extract was run on Diamonsil C_(18)column(5?m,250 mm?4.6 mm) in reverse phase HPLC system to purify the lipopeptides.Inhibitory ability and IC_(50)values of lipopeptides towards various microorganisms were determined by agar diffusion method.The results showed lipopeptides exhibited strong inhibitory activity against some important plant pathogenic fungi,including R.solani and F.oxysporum.The ability of B.subtilis JA to antagonize against the growth of the post-harvest pathogen -B,cinerea was tested in vitro.Spore germination of B.cinerea was strongly inhibited in the presence of JA cell suspension.Furthermore,B.subtilis JA can produce antifungal volatiles which strongly inhibited the spore germination and mycelial growth of B.cinerea.As a biocontrol agent,the synergic effect of lipopeptides and volatiles may play a major role in controlling the pathogens by B.subtilis JA.

Objective To systemically review the effect of ulinastatin on lung function in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Controlled Trials Reg-istry,China National Knowledge infrastructure,China Biology Medicine disc,VIP and Wanfang databases were searched from their inception to October 2015.Articles regarding the use of ulinastatin on lung function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were searched.Studies were screened by two independent re-viewers and then the data were extracted.The methodological quality was evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.1 software. Results Nineteen eligible studies (n = 657 patients)were identified.The results of meta analysis showed that ulinastatin could improve the oxygen partial pressure(SMD=0.90,95%CI 0.52-1.28,P <0.01)and oxygenation index (SMD=1.01,95%CI 0.45-1.56,P <0.01),decrease the PA-a O2 (SMD= -0.87, 95%CI -1.70--0.03,P =0.04),reduce the respiratory index (SMD=-0.81,95%CI -1.51--0.11, P =0.02),Lower the airway peak pressure (SMD=-0.83,95%CI -1.18--0.48,P <0.01),improve the dynamic compliance (Cd)(SMD=1.10,95%CI 0.57-1.62,P <0.01),and shorten the breathing ma-chine ventilation time (SMD=-0.98,95%CI -1.59--0.36,P <0.01).Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that ulinastatin treatment had a certain degree of protective effects on lung function in pediatric pa-tients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB,but further research was needed for all these studies which were not multicenter,strictly controlled.

Objective To study the correlation of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment and the Western Aphasia Battery, and to offer trusty warrant for clinical application.Methods A total of 37 patients with aphasia following brain lesions were selected.They received an evaluation by the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for their recognition function, and an evaluation by the Western Aphasia Battery for their language function.The association between every subentry scores, total scores on the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment and the western aphasia battery of every subentry scores, aphasia quotient, performance quotient and cortical quotient was analyzed by using Pearson correlations analysis, partial correlations analysis, with the program SPSS 12.0.Results All 37 patients were involved in the result analysis.Correlations of total scores in LOTCA and the aphasia quotient, the performance quotient,the cortical quotient in WAB were positively significant (P＜0.01).Correlations of Visual and Spatial Perception,Thinking Operations subentry scores, total scores in LOTCA and every subentry scores in WAB were positively significant (P＜0.01 ).Correlations of Orientation, Visual Motor Organization subentry scores in LOTCA and repetition in WAB were not significant (P＞0.05 ).However, correlations of it and other items in WAB were significant (P＜0.05 ).Conclusions The relation between Language function and cognitive function was highly close correlated.The LOTCA can be clinically used to evaluate the Chinese aphasia subjects with cognitive problems after brain lesions.

Objective To study the correlation of Token Test and Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment in Chinese aphasia, and to offer objective basis for clinical application in China. Methods A total of 54 patients with aphasia after stroke were selected. Japanese revised Token Test was used to assess their language functions and Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment to assess their cognition functions. The associations between Token Test scores and every subentry scores, total scores on Leewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment were analyzed by using correlations analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results Correlations of Token Test scores and every subentry scores, total scores in LOTCA were significant (all P < 0.05) by using Pearson correlations analysis and partial correlations analysis. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the main factor which affected the scores of Token Test was Visual and Spatial Perception. Conclusions The cognition function can promote the improvement of language functions of patients with aphasia after stroke, which may be related mostly to the perception of cognition function.

Objective To investigate the protective effects on the renal allografts from brain dead (BD) donor rats pretreated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Method Three groups [normal transplant group (G1).BD transplant group (G2),and MSCs pretreated + BD transplant group (G3)] were set up.Male F344 rats served as donors and male Lewis rats as recipients.In G1,kidneys from F344 donor rats were implanted into Lewis recipients.In G2,kidneys from F344 BD donor rats were engrafted into Lewis recipients.In G3,after BD was established in F344 rats,MSCs were given intravenously to the rats.The kidneys harvested 6 h later were transplanted to Lewis recipients.Cyclosporine was intromuscularly given daily to the recipient rats for 10 days.Right kidneys were resected from recipients on day 10.Creatinine level was examined on day 14,21,28,and 35.Renal allografts harvested on day 35 were pathologically detected.The irnmunochemistry expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α in renal allograft tissue was tested.Result Serum creatinine levels in G2 were remarkably higher than those in G1 and G3 (P＜0.01) on day 14,21,28,and 35 postoperatively.The creatinine levels on the above mentioned time points had no statistically significant difference between G3 and G1 except on day 21.Postoperative pathological changes in G2 of both pronounced infiltration of mononuclear cells and tubular epithelia[inflammation were notably increased in renal allografts as compared with those in G1 and G3.There was no obvious difference between G1 and G3 in infiltrated mononuclear cells and tubular epithelial inflammation.Positive expression levels of both IL-1β and TNF-α in glomerular,tubular and interstitial epithelial cells were statistically enhanced in G2 as compared with those in G1 and G3 (H =7.210,P =0.027),while there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of both IL-1[β and TNF-α between G1 and G3.Conclusion Brain dead donor rats pretreated with bone marrow MSCs might reduce renal allograft injury via decreasing both inflammatory cell infiltration and IL-1β and TNF-α expression.

AIM: To investigate the distribution and clonal expansion of TCR V? subfamily T cells in patients with acute monoblastic leukemia (M5). METHODS:The CDR3 of TCR V? 24 subfamily genes were amplified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 9 cases with M5 using RT-PCR and the PCR products were further labeled with fluorescent and analyzed by genescan technique for the CDR3 size, to evaluate clonality of the detectable TCR V? T cells. RESULTS:Only 1-10 V? subfamily T cells were identified in M5 cases. Genescan analysis showed that oligoclonal (clonal expansion) T cells were found in some V? subfamilies from 8 cases with M5, V? 2 oligoclonal T cells were identified in six cases, whereas V? 7- or V? 9 clonal expansion T cells were detected in the other two cases, respectively. In addition, except V? 2, V? 7 or V? 21 oligoclonal T cells could be detected in two cases, respectively. CONCLUSION:The skew distribution and clonal expansion of TCR V? subfamily T cells could be found in patients with M5. It may be a specific anti-leukemia immune response with which the host T cells were activated by the leukemia-associated-antigen. The clonal expansion T cells were tendentious in V? 2, which may be related to the M5 leukemia cells associated antigen.

One new dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-N-methyl Glu-L-N-methyl Glu) (1), together with one new natural dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-methyl Glu ester) (2), and two known dicyclopeptides cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-Glu) (3), and cyclo-(L-Glu-L-Glu) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dianthus chinensis L. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.
Dianthus ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of TMPRSS4 in radiation induced metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Metastatic model of human HCC was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human HCC tissue into the liver of nude mice.Mice bearing xenografts in liver were killed after radiation and the residual tumors were resected and reimplanted into the liver of normal nude mice.At the end of sixth week,the mice were killed and the histopathological features,tumor volume,intrahepatic and lung metastasis were evaluated.Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes including N-cadherin,Vimentin,SIP1 and TMPRSS4 were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR.Results The tumor volume and frequency of lung metastasis of control group was 2.25±0.52 cm3 and 66.7％,respectively.Compared to control group,tumor diameter (1.61±0.51 cm3,P＜0.05) and lung metastasis (12.5％,P＜0.05) were significantly inhibited 2 days after radiation.Whereas,30 days after radiation,tumor growth recovered (2.60±0.61 cm3,P＞0.05) and lung metastasis was enhanced (100％,P＜0.05).There were no intrahepatic metastasis in the control group and in the group of reimplantation of HCC 2 days after radiation,while the tumors from those 30 days after radiation showed enhanced intrahepatic metastasis (18 ± 8.05,P＜ 0.01 ),with overexpression of SIP1,N-cadherin,Vimentin and TMPRSS4,and reduced expression of E-cadherin.Conclusion The metastasis potential of residual HCC after radiation was first inhibited and then promoted.Overexpression of TMPRSS4 plays a critical role in radiation induced long-term metastasis of HCC by facilitating EMT.