Objective: Conventional open spinal surgery of adult scoliosis can be performed from anterior, posterior, or combined approach. Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) was developed for the purpose of reducing the undesirable effects and complications. This review aimed to make a brief summary of recent studies of the approach and clinical outcomes of MISS in adult scoliosis. Data Sources: We conducted a systematic search from PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and other literature databases to collect reports of surgical methods and clinical outcomes of MISS in treatment of adult scoliosis. Those reports were published up to March 2017 with the following key terms: "minimally invasive," "spine," "surgery," and "scoliosis."Study Selection: The inclusion criteria of the articles were as followings: diagnosed with adult degenerative scoliosis (DS) or adult idiopathic scoliosis; underwent MISS or open surgery; with follow?up data. The articles involving patients with congenital scoliosis or unknown type were excluded and those without any follow?up data were also excluded from the study. The initial search yielded 233 articles. After title and abstract extraction, 29 English articles were selected for full?text review. Of those, 20 studies with 831 patients diagnosed with adult DS or adult idiopathic scoliosis were reviewed. Seventeen were retrospective studies, and three were prospective studies. Results: The surgical technique reported in these articles was direct or extreme lateral interbody fusion, axial lumbar interbody fusion, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Among the clinical outcomes of these studies, the operated levels was 3–7, operative time was 2.3–8.5 h. Both the Cobb angle of coronal major curve and evaluation of Oswestry Disability Index and Visual Analog Scale decreased after surgery. There were 323 complications reported in the 831 (38.9%) patients, including 150 (18.1%) motor or sensory deficits, and 111 (13.4%) implant?related complications. Conclusions: MISS can provide good radiological and self?evaluation improvement in treatment of adult scoliosis. More prospective studies will be needed before it is widely used.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the interleukin-17 (IL-17) level of peripheral blood and aggression of bipolar mania. METHODS: Thirty-six patients of bipolar mania were selected as experimental group by DSM-IV-TR and received treatment with quetiapine and lithium. Thirty-six healthy volunteers with similar age and gender were selected as control group. The level of IL-17 at baseline in each group and the level of IL-17 in the experimental group after treatment for 2, 4 and 8 weeks were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The level of IL-17 in experimental group at baseline, after treatment for 2 and 4 weeks were all significantly higher than that in control group. After 8 weeks treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 2, 4 and 8 weeks treatment, the total score and aggression score of Young Mania Rating Score (YMRS) were significantly lower than the baseline level (P < 0.05). In experimental group, the level of IL-17 was positively correlated with the two scores of YMRS at baseline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bipolar mania may be related to the up-regulation of IL-17. The level of IL-17 is related to the severity of manic symptoms at baseline, especially aggression symptom.
Aggression/drug effects* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy* ; Case-Control Studies ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Interleukin-17/metabolism* ; Lithium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo understand the changing trend of occupational hazard of industries in Shunde area and to provide the scientific evidence for the prevention of occupational diseases.

METHODSThe pre-evaluation of occupational hazard was carried out for the construction projects. The data about employee number scale, industry species, occupational hazard factors, hazard levels and prevention measures for construction projects were collected and analyzed. The data of Shunde Occupational Health Survey in 2011 served as the control data.

RESULTSThere were 258 construction projects in 2010 and 2011, in which the proportions of medium and large scales increased to 8.1% and 2.4% respectively, the proportions of the furniture and chemical industries decreased from 25.6% or/and 5.1% to 2.7% or/and 1.8%, the proportions of the high-tech industries increased from 1.8% to 9.2%. The proportions of the projects with serious, medium and slight occupational hazard levels were 4.3%, 67.8% and 27.9%, respectively. The proportions of the projects with harmful chemicals, dusts and physical factors were 34.2%, 46.8%, 42.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe feature of occupational hazard in Shunde industries has changed at upgrading stage. We should pay attention to the prevention of occupational diseases in high-tech industries.

Construction Industry ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) on the cell surface of highly invasive human prostate cancer cells PC3 and its possible molecular mechanisms of its effect on cell invasion through analyzing FAK/Src signaling pathway.

METHODSThe expression of cell surface HSP90 on PC3 cells was studied by immunofluorescence staining and surface biotinylation assay respectively. A specific HSP90 antibody was used to inhibit the cell surface HSP90. In vitro cell invasion was assessed by modified Boyden chambers. Phosphorylated FAK on tyr 397, 576, 577 and 925, and phosphorylated c-Src on tyr 416 were examined by Western blot assay. The association between FAK and c-Src was analyzed by immunoprecipitation. The effects of FAK knockdown by siRNA or Src kinases inhibitor PP2, with or without anti-HSP90 antibody, on PC3 cell invasion were also evaluated.

RESULTSA pool of HSP90 was detected on the cell surface of PC3 cells. A specific HSP90 antibody significantly retarded tumor cell invasion. Concomitant with this finding, targeting cell surface HSP90 significantly inhibited the phosphorylations of FAK and c-Src, and also the interactions between FAK and c-Src. FAK knockdown or PP2 dramatically suppressed cell invasion, however, anti-HSP90 antibody didn't further inhibit cell invasion.

CONCLUSIONSCell surface HSP90 promotes human prostate cancer cell invasion through a FAK/c-Src signaling, with may be a novel therapeutic target against metastatic tumors.

Antibodies ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Phosphorylation ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Pyrimidines ; pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; src-Family Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

Objective To analyze the relationship between prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and behavior habits such as smoking,alcohol intake,physical activity,sleeping hours.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was conducted in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China according to the program of National Nutrition and Health Survey.Questionnaire survey,interview,physical examination,measurement of biochemical indices,and dietary investigation were done.In total,4937 men aged 18 to 45 years old were selected.Results The MS prevalence was 6.9%(329/4937).The rate of drinking was 49.4% and smoking rate was 54.4%.The percentage of sleeping was hours from 7 to 8 was 70.5%.The percentage of spending time on physical activity over 420 minutes/week was as high as 41.9%.Data from single logistic regression showed volume of smoking more than 600 packs and alcohol intake were associated with high risk of MS and no significantly associations were found between MS and the duration of physical activity and the sleeping time.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk of MS in smokers with the volume more than 600 packs age increased significantly as compared to nonsmokers with the odds ratio as 1.443 (95%CI:1.044-1.993 ) and 1.765 (95%CI:1.150-2.708) in smokers with volume from 600 to 899 packs age,and more than 900 packs age respectively.Compared to the nondrinkers,the odds ratios were 1.525 (95%CI:1.135-2.048),2.322(95%CI:1.671-3.255) and 2.033 (95%CI:1.478-2.796) in subjects volume of alcohol dranking as 1 to 2 times per week,3 to 4 times per week and more than 5 times per week respectively.Conclusion Tobacco and alcohol were associated with high risks of MS.

Objective To study the effect of Plumula Nelumbinis extract ( PNE) on hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo in rats model.Methods PNE impact on hepatic stellate cells was detected by cell experiments . The hydrogen peroxide content was determined in the cell by fluorescence analyzer.The ollagen deposition , nuclear factor -κB ( NF -κB ) activation , Iκbαphosphorylation ,α-SMA protein expression and gene transcription were detected by Western blot.Animals are divided into three groups , sham group , 0.7%carboxymethyl cellulose ( CMC ) was administrated; model group , Bile duct ligation in rats , 0.7%CMC was administrated;experimental group , Bile duct ligation in rats and PNE was administrated , twice a day from 3 th week.PNE impact on aspartate transaminase ( AST ) and alanine transaminase ( ALT ) was detected by colorimetric analyzer.The liver fibrosis scores,α-SMA and col1 α2 expression was detected by quanti-tative real -time polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with blank group , PNE (80 μg· mL-1 ) can inhibit intracellular hydrogen peroxide content of hepatic stellate cells caused by TNF -α, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression, and intracellular NF-kappa B inhibitor-α(IκBα) phosphoryla-tion, and inhibit NF-κB activation and α-SMA protein expression.PNE (80 μg· mL-1 ) can significantly inhibit cell collagen production.In the experiment where Bile duct ligation ( BDL ) induced liver fibrosis in rats.Compared with model group,the use of PNE can reduce AST and ALT , decrease hepatic collagen content , and reduce α-SMA, mouse collagen type I Alpha 2 ( col1α2 ) mRNA expression.Conclusion PNE can inhibit liver fibrosis.

As non-hematopoietic multipotent stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the potential of selfrenewal and multi-directional differentiation,play a key role in the process of tissue regenerations and anti-inflammation.In the case,the efficacy of these MSC-based therapies at least partly depends on specific homing towards the site where the cells are needed.Nowdays,many studies find that the different homing characteristics in different organizations,which limits the therapeutic efficacy when they are used in stem cell therapy.Thus,the homing phenomena,the therapeutical efficacy,the influencing factors and the cell tracing techniques of MSCs in bone marrow,spleen and lymph nodes,intestine,heart,cancer and multiple organ are reviewed in the article.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the genotypes of hepatitis B virus and the clinical and liver pathological features of patients with chronic hepatitis in the Zhoushan Islands.

METHODSOne hundred eighty HBV DNA positive chronic hepatitis patients with HBV markers were enrolled in this study. They were at least second generation Zhoushan Island residents. One hundred forty-seven of them were males and 33 were females with an average age of 39.0+/-11.3. Among the 180 patients, 17 had ASC, 57 had mild CHB, 48 moderate CHB, 9 severe CHB, 6 SHB, 39 LC, and 4 had HCC. The genotypes of their serum HBV were detected by using PCR integrated with Tagman MGB probe technology, and their serum HBV markers, HBV DNA and liver functions were also examined. Out of 180 patients, 129 accepted a liver biopsy. A pathological evaluation was then performed.

RESULTSHBVs of genotype C, 135 cases (75.0%), of B, 40 cases (22.2%), and of B+C, 5 cases (2.8%) were found among these 180 patients. No genotype A or D HBV were found. The proportions of genotype C virus were 7/17, 86/114, 34/39, 6/6 in ASC, CHB, LC and SHB patients. In the hepatocellular carcinoma patients, there were 2 each of genotype B and C. Among the 99 patients with genotype C HBV, 84 cases (84.8%) showed moderate and severe inflammation histologically in their livers and among the 30 patients with B, 7 cases (23.3%) showed moderate to severe inflammation in their livers (z = 6.47, P less than 0.01). The proportion of genotype C HBV was significantly different from that of genotype B HBV in those that showed moderate and severe (S3-4) liver fibrosis. In patients infected with genotype C HBV who had moderate and severe liver pathological changes, their clinical manifestations reflected better the histological alterations of their livers.

CONCLUSIONGenotypes C, B and B+C HBV were found in CHB patients in the Zhoushan Islands of China, and type C was the predominant one. The liver pathological damage level of genotype C HBV infected patients is more serious than that of genotype B.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B virus ; classification ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical significance of the expression of serum differential protein in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) related liver fibrosis.

METHODSOne hundred and ten CHB patients confirmed by liver biopsies were enrolled, 83 for modeling and 27 for verification. According to Ishak staging, 55 patients in the modeling group were with significant liver fibrosis ( F is more than or equal to 3 ) and 28 patients with normal/mild liver fibrosis ( F0-F2 ). While that in the verification group were 15 ( F is more than or equal to 3 ) and 12 ( F0-F2 ), respectively. MALDI-TOF-MS/MS was used to detect serum proteins and the spectrum for each sample was analyzed in FlexAnalysis3.0 to produce the spectrum of differential proteins. The results were compared with clinicopathologic diagnosis and the diagnosis model based on genetic algorithm was established and evaluated.

RESULTSThere were 15 proteins differentially expressed in significant liver fibrosis group and normal/mild fibrosis group ( P value is less than 0.01), in which the differences on proteins 2081.73 m/z and 1944.41 m/z were the most significant. Based on these two proteins, the coordinate system was set up and the diagnosis model based on genetic algorithm was established by six characteristic peaks. After detecting 12 cases of normal/mild liver fibrosis and 15 cases of significant liver fibrosis, the results showed that the diagnostic model could identify significant fibrosis ( F is more than or equal to 3 ) and normal/mild liver fibrosis ( F0-F2 ) at 100% recognition, 94.14% prediction and 100% accuracy.

CONCLUSIONSerum differential proteins examination can be used for early prediction of CHB related fibrosis. The study provides the basis for non-invasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis according to identifying the potential differences of the serum samples from patients with HBV related fibrosis.

Adult ; Blood Proteins ; analysis ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteomics

BACKGROUNDHighly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) produces profound suppression of HIV replication, substantial increase in CD4(+) T cells, and partial reconstitution of the immune system. However, the numbers of subjects were small in previous Chinese studies. This study evaluated the efficacy and side effects of HAART in Chinese advanced AIDS patients.

METHODSOne hundred and three antiretroviral drug naive AIDS patients were enrolled in this study and were divided into two groups by their baseline CD4(+) count: < 100 cells/microl or > or = 100 cells/microl. Clinical, virological and immunological outcomes were monitored at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months during the course of treatment with HAART.

RESULTSOne patient died and another was lost from the follow-up. For the remaining 101 HIV/AIDS patients at the 12th month during the HAART, the plasma viral load (VL) was reduced to (3.2 +/- 0.7) lg copies/ml, the CD4(+) count increased to (168 +/- 51) cells/microl [among which the naive phenotype (CD45RA(+)CD62L(+)) increased to (49 +/- 27) cells/microl and the memory phenotype (CD45RA(-)) increased to (119 +/- 55) cells/microl], and the percentage of CD4(+)CD28(+) cells increased. At the same time, there was a significant reduction of CD8(+) T cell activation. In the 69 patients with the baseline CD4(+) count < 100 cells/microl, 37 had a VL < 50 copies/ml; while in the 34 patients with the baseline CD4(+) count > or = 100 cells/microl, 25 had a VL < 50 copies/ml, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The CD4(+) T cell count showed a two-phase increase during HAART and a significant positive correlation was shown between the change of CD4(+) count and plasma VL. Over 12 months of HAART, 10 patients had gastrointestinal side effects, 13 peripheral neuritis, 7 hepatic lesions, 8 hematological side effects, 8 skin rashes, 10 lipodystrophy and 1 renal calculus.

CONCLUSIONSImmune reconstitution as well as the significantly improved clinical outcomes is observed in Chinese advanced AIDS patients after HAART. Side effects are common during HAART and require clinical attention.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD28 Antigens ; analysis ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; blood ; Viral Load