Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; diagnosis ; Male ; Suppuration ; diagnosis ; Tonsillitis ; diagnosis

Objective To study the antigenicity of human thyrotropin receptor(hTSHR)amino terminus (amino acid 29～280)and its association with Graves' disease.Methods Total thyroid RNA was prepared from human normal thyroid tissue.RNA was then reversely transcripted and cDNA was subjected to PCR amplification.PCR product was cloned into pcDNA3.1 and the recombinant plasmid was named pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp. Balb/c mice were immunized with peDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp. The levels of serum thyroxin,anti-TSHR antibody(TRAb)and thyroid stimulating antibody(TSAb)were measured,and the pathological changes of thyroid tissue were also observed.Results A 753 bp fragment encoding hTSHR ectodomain amino end was obtained after PCR amplification.Confirmed by Hind Ⅲ restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing,pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bphad been constructed successfully,with the correct sequence and direction of hTSHR188～940bp.In the Balb/c mice treated with pcDNA3.1/hTSHR188～940bp,elevated TRAb in week 6(0.148±0.018)were observed compared with those at week o(0.106±0.006,P＜0.01),and kept a higher level till week 10(0.134±0.011,P＜0.01).T4 and TSAb index values were significantly increased in week 10.Serum T4 concentration increased from(41.02±7.97)μg/L in week 0 to(62.20±12.77)μg/L in week 10(P＜0.01);TSAb index values rose from 0.864±0.076 at week 0 to 1.392±0.615(P＜0.01).Thyroid pathological examination showed that proliferated thyroid follicular epithelial cells and foll icular eapacity increased.Inflammatory cells were occasionally found.Conclusions There are antigen epitopes in hTSHR ectodomain amino acid 29～280,which can stimulate the production of TSAb.And the latter induces hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease like manifestations.It suggests that hTSHR ectodomain amino acid 29～280 is closely associated with Graves' disease,and maybe one of important etiological factors leading to the disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Amifostine ; therapeutic use ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; chemically induced ; drug therapy

Adolescent ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology

This study was purposed to investigate the proliferation and antitumor activity of rhG-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (G-PBMNCs) activated by interleukin 21 (IL-21) alone or in combination with interleukin 15 (IL-15)/interleukin 2 (IL-2) and to evaluate the feasibility and value of tumor immunotherapy with cytokine combinations. G-PBMNCs were activated by IL-21 alone or in combination with IL-15/IL-2 in vitro, and the proliferation of the activated G-PBMNCs was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The cytotoxicity of the activated G-PBMNC to the K562 cells was studied by the test principle which is based on target cell labeling with 5-(6)-carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and subsequent DNA-labeling with propidium iodide (PI) for identification of target cells with compromised cell membranes. The phenotypes of the activated G-PBMNCs were assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the cytotoxicity of IL-21 group had no difference from which of IL-2 group. When G-PBMNCs were exposed to the combinations of IL21+IL15/IL21+IL15+IL2, the cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced at E:T ratio of 25:1, as compared with combination of IL21+IL2 (p<0.05). The cytotoxicity of the cytokines combinations was significantly higher than that in cytokine used alone at E:T ratio of 50:1 (p<0.05). The cryopreservative and resuscitative G-PBMNCs showed the same result with the fresh G-PBMNCs in cytotoxicity test. The proportions of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells were increased when G-PBMNCs were incubated with cytokines for 72 hours. CD4, CD3-56+ and CD3+56+ counts were significantly elevated when G-PBMNCs were exposed to IL21 + IL15 (p<0.05). It is concluded that IL-21 alone enhance the antitumor activity of G-PBMNCs, which further strengthens when IL-21 combinated with IL-15.
Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Synergism ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; methods ; Humans ; Interleukin-15 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Interleukins ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; immunology ; Recombinant Proteins

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in children undergoing adenoidectomy, and to discuss its possible causes.

METHODSIncluded in this study were children who underwent adenoid and/or tonsil surgery at Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2004 and November 2009. The change of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were retrospectively analysed. The blood loss was estimated by the change of Hct.

RESULTSThere were 2078 cases that accomplished the inclusion criteria in the period of study. Ten children bled 0.5 - 4.0 hours after surgery, without superfluous hemorrhage during the operation and post-tonsillectomy. This represented an incidence of 0.48%of immediate postoperative haemorrhage among the 2078 procedures analyzed. Statistical differences were found between boys (0.21%) and girls (1.10%, χ² = 5.597, P < 0.05). The change of Hb and Hct was positively correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.01), the blood loss was positively correlated with the bleeding time (r = 0.66, P < 0.05). The causes of postoperative hemorrhage were coagulation system deficits, chronic nasopharyngitis, deficient hemostasis and immoderate ravage. To control the postoperative hemorrhage, 2 postnasal packing under topical anaesthesia and 8 electrocautery under general anaesthesia were applied.

CONCLUSIONSPoor operative technique and deficient hemostasis are the major causes of primary hemorrhage. Prompt operation to control the postoperative bleeding should be done 2 hours after bleeding under general anesthesia in order to avoid severe complications.

Adenoidectomy ; adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonsillectomy ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVEThe P1 protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MP pneumonia. It mediates the attachment of the pathogen to host cells and elicits a strong humoral immune response during infection. In early studies, only two types of MP P1 genes were assumed to exist. Later, eight subtypes of MP P1 genes and some variations of P1 gene were reported. However, there are no related reports in China until now. This study aimed to understand epidemiology of MP subtype in Zhejiang province, China, as well as the relationship between MP subtype and clinical severity of MP pneumonia.

METHODClinical samples were collected by nasopharyngeal aspiration from children with MP pneumonia hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from February to December in 2009. P1 gene fragment was amplified by using PCR method (with primers of ADH1/ADH2 and ADH3/ADH4, respectively). Then ADH1/ADH2-generated fragments were digested with HaeIII, HpaII, Sau3A, and the ADH3/ADH4-generated fragments digested with HaeIII, Sau3A, HhaI, RsaI. The MP P1 subtypes were determined based on resulting fragments. Part of samples were selected for sequencing. The clinical data of different MP subtype pneumonia were compared.

RESULTA total of 300 hospitalized children with MP pneumonia were enrolled in this study. All the samples produced specific bands for MP P1 gene after PCR with primers of ADH1/ADH2 and ADH3/ADH4 respectively. By restrictive fragment length polymorphism analysis, 297 clinical specimens showed the characteristic band patterns for P1 type 1 identical to Mp129, and only 3 clinical specimens showed the characteristic band pattern for P1 type 2 identical to MP-FH. All P1 type 1 and P1 type 2 showed the same subtype bands respectively, as subtype 1b and 2a. After sequencing, one synonymous point mutation in P1 type 1 was identified relative to the MP129 P1 sequence at nucleotide position (nt) 208(G→A). Three cases with P1 type 2 MP pneumonia were found to have liver damage, and longer hospital stay and fever duration than P1 type 1, but no statistically significant difference was found.

CONCLUSIONClinical samples can be used directly for genotyping of MP. The dominating type of MP in Zhejiang Province was P1 type 1 subtype 1b. But whether there was any relationship between MP subtype and clinical severity remains to be clarified.

Adhesins, Bacterial ; genetics ; Child ; China ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Nasopharynx ; microbiology ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; microbiology ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVERetrospective analysis was performed on the etiology of inspiratory laryngeal stridor in children. The purpose is to raise the diagnosis and cure rate of the disease.

METHODSAll patients were hospitalized in Children's Hospital from Jan, 2005 to Jan, 2007. Among of them, 245 cases were male and 133 cases were female. The median age was 4 months (range from 12 hours to 30 months). All the patients had chest X-ray examination. Two hundred and eighteen cases received chest CT scan, video laryngoscope, direct laryngoscope and bronchofibroscopy.

RESULTSThe diagnosis were as follows: acute laryngitis (140 cases), laryngomalacia (117 cases), acute laryngotracheal bronchitis (54 cases), vocal cord paralysis (18 cases), congenital tracheomalacia (9 cases), congenital laryngeal webs (8 cases), congenital cleft of larynx (6 cases), laryngeal cyst (6 cases), laryngeal papilloma (6 cases), acute epiglottitis (4 cases), congenital infraglottic stenosis (3 cases), tracheobronchial foreign body (3 cases), cysts thyrolinguals (1 case). All cases were cured except congenital tracheomalacia (9 cases), congenital cleft of larynx (6 cases), laryngeal papilloma (6 cases), congenital infraglottic (3 cases).

CONCLUSIONSThe etiology of inspiratory laryngeal stridor in children are very complicated. Video laryngoscope is recommended for all cases except for the acute inflammation disease. Chest CT scan and bronchofibroscopy may be necessary for some cases.

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Inhalation ; Laryngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

AIMTo study the effects of genistein on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in neonatal rat calvaria cultures.

METHODSOsteoblasts were isolated from neonatal rat calvaria through trypsin and collagenase digestion, and cultured in the presence of different doses of genistein (10(-5) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L and 10(-7) mol/L). The proliferation and DNA and collagen synthesis of osteoblasts were assayed by MTT method and 3H-TdR and 3H-proline incorporation. The activity of ALP were measured by ALP assay kit.

RESULTSGenistein significantly increased osteoblast 3H-TdR and 3H-proline incorporation and MTT, 10(-6) mol/L genistein increased ALP activity.

CONCLUSIONGenistein increased osteoblast DNA and collagen synthesis in neonatal rat calvaria cultures, and promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; DNA ; biosynthesis ; Genistein ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIMTo study the effect of both light and heat on the stability of furacilin aqueous solution and the probability of substituting for isothermal accelerated tests by nonisothermal accelerated tests upon exposure to light at high temperatures.

METHODSThe isothermal and nonisothermal accelerated tests were employed. The accelerated tests were proceeded in the dark and exposed to light at high temperature. Tungsten, ultraviolet and fluorescent lamps were employed in exposure tests.

RESULTSThe degradation of furacilin aqueous solution in isothermal heating experiments or the exposure experiments to light at high temperatures obeys zero-order kinetics. The total degradation rate constant k caused by both light and heat can be divided into two parts: k = kdark + klight, where kdark and klight are the degradation rate constant caused by heat and light, respectively. The klight can be expressed as klight = Alight.exp(-Ea,light/RT).E, where E is the illuminance of light; Alight and Ea,light are both experimental constants. The parameters obtained in nonisothermal accelerated tests were comparable to those obtained in classic isothermal accelerated tests.

CONCLUSIONNonisothermal accelerated tests may substitute for isothermal accelerated tests during the study of the effects of both light and heat on the stability of drugs, in order to save time, labor and drugs.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Hot Temperature ; Light ; Mathematics ; Nitrofurazone ; chemistry ; Solutions