OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of Dendrobium officinale protocorni/protocorm-like bodies according to relevant references at home and abroad in recent len years, and to explore its development prospect. METHODS: Based on the searched literatures, the research progress in the aspects of culture techniques, chemical constituents and pharmacological effects were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There had been a lot of researches on D. officinale protocorm/PLBs culture techniques, and D. officinale protocorm/PLBs could be used for resource regeneration and production of active polysaccharides, but its material basis and pharmacological activity still need to be further studied.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Dendrobium devonianum. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by means of column chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and prep- HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical parameters and spectroscopic data comparison with standard literature data. RESULTS: Twenty-five compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of D. devonianum, and identified as 3-hydroxy-4', 5-dimethoxybibenzyl(1), tristin(2), 3, 4', 5-trihydroxybibenzyl(3), N-trans-coumaroyltyramine(4), N-trans- caffeoyltyramine(5), p-hydroxyphenylpropionyltyramine(6), N-cis-coumaroyltyramine(7), 2, 5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene(8), 2, 4, 7-trihydroxy-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene(9), 4', 5, 7-trihydroxy-flavonol(10), dihydroconifery acetate(11), ethyl 4-hydroxycinnamate(12), p-hydroxycinnamic acid(13), p-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid(14), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(15), protocatechuic acid(16), erigeside II(17), citrusin C(18), dihydrosyringin(19), leonuriside A(20), adenosine(21), β-sitosterol(22), daucosterol(23), (+)-syringgaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(24) and sucrose(25). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-21 and 24-25 are obtained from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 is isolated from the Dendrobium genus for the first time. Compounds 5, 7, 11, 12 and 18 are obtained from Orchidaceae for the first time.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Dendrobium officinale protocorm. METHODS: The compounds were isolated and purified by means of column chromatography, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data and comparison with standard literature data. RESULTS: Eight compounds were isolated from the(CH3)2CO, CHCl3 and 95% EtOH fractions of the EtOH extract, and identified as 1-O-p-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(I), arillatose B(II),4-β-D-glucopyranosy-loxy)benzyl alcohol(III), 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(IV), n-hexatriacontanoic acid(V), n-heptaco-sanol(VI), β-sitosterol(VII), and cycloart-23-ene-3β,25-diol(VIII). CONCLUSION: All these compounds were isolated from the protocorms of D. officinale for the first time. Compounds I, II, III, IV, and VIII were obtained from Dendrobium genus for the first time.

Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes facial,ocular,and encephalitic disease and is associated with latent infection and cancer.Here,we developed a means of studying the pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection at the protein level by using the SELDI Protein Chip to detect changes of protein expression in Vero cells cultured in vitro.After infection with HSV-1 and culture for 12,24 or 48 h,cells were harvested and lysed.IMAC3 arrays were applied to SELDI-TOF-MS to detect proteomic differences before and after infection.The chip detected a series of differentially expressed protein peaks.Interestingly,both peaks at 16 912 Da and 17 581 Da corresponded precisely with the molecular mass of ISG 15,which may participate in antiviral activity during the process of infection.Thus,the results we obtained can serve as a basis to study the pathogenesis of HSV-1 and the interaction between the virus and its host.In addition,they can help in the discovery of new therapeutic targets for treatment of HSV-1 infection.

This paper is to report the study of the metabolism of forscolin in plasma and liver microsomes for guiding clinical therapy. Forscolin was quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. The metabolic stability of forscolin in rat, Beagle dog, monkey and human plasma and liver microsomes, mediated enzymes of forscolin and its inhibition on cytochrome P450 isoforms in human liver microsomes were studied. Results showed that forscolin was not metabolized in plasma of the four species but metabolized in liver microsomes of the four species. The t1/2 of forscolin in rat, Beagle dog, monkey and human liver microsomes were (52.0 +/- 15.0), (51.2 +/- 5.9), (6.0 +/- 0.2) and (11.9 +/- 1.8) min; CL(int) were (75.6 +/- 18.7), (60.9 +/- 6.8), (513.8 +/- 14.3) and (176.2 +/- 25.6) mL x min(-1) x kg(-1); CL were (34.8 +/- 4.5), (23.3 +/- 1.0), (40.3 +/- 0.5) and (17.9 +/- 0.3) mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), respectively. Forscolin was metabolized by CYP3A4 in human liver microsomes. There was definite inhibition on CYP3A4 at the concentrations of forscolin between 0.1 ng x mL(-1) and 5 microg x mL(-1). Therefore, forscolin is rapidly excreted from liver microsomes. Attention should be paid to the drug interaction when forscolin was used along with other drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 in clinics.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coleus ; chemistry ; Colforsin ; blood ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; metabolism ; Dogs ; Humans ; Macaca ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Qingfei Peiyuan Micro-pill (QPM) on HIV/AIDS patients with pulmonary infection of phlegm heat obstructing lung syndrome (PHOLS).

METHODSTotally 141 HIV/AIDS patients with pulmonary infection of PHOLS were randomly assigned to the treatment group (94 cases) and the control group (47cases). On the basis of Western medicine, patients in the treatment group took QPM. The therapeutic course for all was 28 days. The improvement of symptoms and signs was observed. The body temperature (BT), chest X ray, and white blood cells (WBCs) were detected.

RESULTSThe Chinese medical syndrome score was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at the 7th, 21st, and 28th day of treatment, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). The efficacy was better in the treatment group than in the control group at the 7th, 21st, and 28th day of treatment, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). The BT was lower in the treatment group than in the control group on the 7th day. There was no statistical difference in the patient number with normal WBCs on the 7th day (P > 0.05). But there was statistical difference in the patient number with normal WBCs on the 14th, 21st, and 28th day of treatment (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the patient number with normal chest X ray on the 7th and 28th day of treatment (P > 0.05). But there was statistical difference in the patient number with normal chest X ray on the 14th and 21 st day of treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONQPM had certain complementary effect on HIV/AIDS patients with pulmonary infection of PHOLS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) on isolated rat heart subject to ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury and the mechanisms.

METHODSThe isolated perfused rat hearts on a Langendorff apparatus were subjected to global ischemia for 30 min and followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Hemodynamic index, the production of formazan and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluent were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myocardial homogenates were measured.

RESULTSCompared with I/R group, the hemodynamics were greatly improved, the production of formazan was increased, and LDH level in effluent was reduced in SAC group. SAC improved the SOD activity and significantly decreased the level of ROS. In addition, threonine (Thr) attenuated the protective effect of SAC significantly.

CONCLUSIONSAC has protective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury on rats. The possible mechanism is that SAC be transported into the cell through alanine-serine-cysteine-transporter 1 (ASCT-1) improves SOD activity and reduces the level of ROS.

Animals ; Cysteine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the precision of rat bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by Norland Excellplus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to investigate the BMD changes in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats in vitro.

METHODS(1) The coefficients of variation (CV) for BMD measurements at various skeletal regions were repeatedly determined by DXA in 10 Wistar rats in vitro. (2) BMD in lumbar vertebra (L5) and both sides of femurs was measured in total 90 rats. And (3) changes in BMD between Ovx and sham rats were compared.

RESULTS(1) The short-term CVs of BMD measurements in different regions by DXA were as follows, 1.58% for lumbar vertebra (L5), 0.90% for left femur, and 0.86% for right femur, respectively. The long-term CVs were 2.22% for lumbar vertebra (L5), 1.09% for left femur, and 1.20% for right femur. (2) The BMD values in 90 Wistar rats were (127.5 +/- 12.3) in lumbar vertebra (L5), (82.6 +/- 11.3) in corpus vertebra (L5'), (150.7 +/- 10.6) in left femur and (149.9 +/- 10.6) mg/cm2 in right femur, respectively. The correlation coefficient of BMD measurements between left and right femurs was 0.792 (P < 0.001). (3) In Ovx group, the BMD values of corpus vertebra (L5') and distal femurs were significantly decreased, that was 10.0%-17.5% lower in comparison with sham group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSMeasurement of rat BMD in vitro by Norland Excellplus DXA is a useful method, and it can reflect the changes in rat bone masses with good precision.

Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo present 4 cases of hemophilic pseudotumor and to investigate the treatment outcome.

METHODSFour cases of hemophilic pseudotumor were reviewed. The patients were treated by internal medicine combined with surgery and followed up for two years. The feature and diagnosis of the disease were analyzed and the treatment outcome was evaluated.

RESULTSAll of the 4 cases were misdiagnosed with a history of bleeding before operation. One patient was bleeding after biopsy without replacement therapy. One patient was presented with gingival bleeding and anaemia. The final diagnosis of hemophilia A in all the 4 cases was confirmed by the blood test (VIII deficiency). After infusion of factor VIII, operation was performed on all cases. There was no recurrence after two years of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSIt should be aware of the rarely encountered disease which is prone to be misdiagnosed. Under factor-deficient replacement therapy, surgical management is the most effective way in preventing from bleeding and avoiding progressive expanding of pseudotumor.

Child ; Diagnostic Errors ; Hematoma ; surgery ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Spatholobus suberectus on proliferation and the hematonic mechanism.

METHODThe techniques of culture of hematopoietic cell and hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) assay were used.

RESULTSpatholobus suberectus could obviously promote the proliferation of bone marrow cells in healthy and anaemic mice. The culture media of spleen cell, macrophage, lung and skeletal muscle treated with S. suberectus had much stronger stimulating effects on hematopoietic cells.

CONCLUSIONS. suberectus may enhance hematopoiesis by directly or indirectly stimulating stroma cell in hematopoietic inductive microenvironment and muscle tissue to secrete some HGF (Epo, GM-CSF, IL, and MK-CSF). This is one of the biological mechanisms for hematonic effect of S. suberectus.

Anemia ; pathology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Fabaceae ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry