Objective To identify main problems and related factors existing in monitoring and evaluation(M&E)of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in China through status quo investigation and problem analysis.Methods Data collected from the existing information and field investigations were analyzed with horizontal,longitudinal comparison and GAP analysis to identify current situation and problems.Results 1)Basic situation in the seven aspects,including;institution,staff,funding,use of indicators,data management,result feedback and operation of M&E was defined;2)Problems in the five aspects,including coordination mechanism,staff ability,use of indicator system,data analysis and use and level of M&E were identified.Conclusions In order to improve the overall quality of M&E of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in this country,a unified nationwide M&E system of HIV/AIDS prevention and control should be established.

Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Teratoma

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood cultures in the infected patients in our hospital during 2009-2013 to provide the newest evidence for the clinical anti-infection ther-apy.Methods The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility test were performed by applying the VITEK-32 System.The dis-tribution situation and the drug susceptibility test results of pathogens isolated from blood culture specimens in our hospital during this period were analyzed.Results 2 301 strains of positive bacteria were isolated from 14 006 cases of blood culture during these five consecutive years.The positive rate was 16.4%.Among them,1 303 strains were Gram positive bacteria(56.6%),954 strains of Gram negative bacilli(41.5%)and 44 strains of fungi(1.9%).Gram-positive bacteria were mainly Staphylococcus aureus,coagu-lase negative staphylococci(CNS),etc.Gram-negative bacteria were mainly E.coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,etc.E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were highly sensitive to carbapenem,amikacin,cefoxitin and antibacterial drugs containing enzyme inhibitor.The detec-tion rates of extended-spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 55.8% and 18.4%respectively.Acinetobacter baumannii in blood culture had serious resistance to most of antibacterial drugs.Conclusion The kinds of pathogens isolated from blood culture are complex with different sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.Timely understanding the re-sults of blood culture has the important significance to adjust the treatment scheme in clinic and timely discover drug-resistant strains for serve clinic better.

Background Recently,there were many studies on corneal innervations during mammalian development.However,there were fewer studies on discussing corneal innervations before and after mouse eye openings.Objective The present study was to investigate the change in the regulation of corneal nerve fiber length and density before and after mouse eye openings to offer a basis for clinical research in human.Methods Thirty SPF C57BL/6 mice were divided into postnatal 1 day(P1 d),P7 d,P13 d(1 day before eye opening),P14 d(eye halfopened),P17 d(1 day after eye opening)and P23 d(7 day after eye opening)groups,with 5 mice and 10 eyes for each group.Entire corneal stretches were prepared and immunostaining with an anti-neuron-specific β-Ⅲ tubulin antibody was performed to label the corneal nerve fibers.Confocal microscopic pictures from the corneal dorsal-nasal region (DN),dorsal-temporal(DT),ventral-nasal region(VN)and ventral-temporal(VT)were taken using Delta Vision Core.From these pictures,the mouse corneal area,total length and density of nerve fibers in the 4 regions were calculated.The use of the animals complied with Statement of ARVO.Results Corneal areas of P1 d,P7d,P13 d,P14 d,P17 d and P23 d mice were(0.404±0.007),(1.362±0.154),(1.573±0.080),(1.603±0.046),(1.847±0.052),(2.445±0.798)mm2,respectively ; the total lengths of nerve fibers were(3.718±1.044),(19.065±3.350),(23.687±0.907),(27.309±2.477),(31.989±3.976),(41.214±1.573)mm,respectively ; the densities of nerve fibers were(9.592±1.138),(14.506±1.908),(15.088±1.241),(16.772±1.897),(16.821±2.102),(17.660±1.216)mm/mm2,respectively,all showing significant increases with age(F =22.906,P =0.000 ; F =0.424,P =0.000 ; F =2.375,P=0.000).A positive correlation of the increasing corneal areas and increasing lengths of nerve fibers was found(r=0.983,P＜0.01).Nerve fiber densities in the four corneal regions significantly increased with age(DN region:F =0.159,P =0.000 ; DT region:F =2.1 72,P =0.001 ; VN region:F =1.998,P =0.000 ; VT region:F=2.352,P=0.000).From P13 d to P14 d,the corneal nerve fiber densities in the DN region decreased by 6.0％ without significant difference(t =0.589,P =0.572); and the corneal nerve fiber densities in the DT region,VN region and VT region decreased by 4.6％,5.5％ and 0.1％,respectively,without significant difference from P14 d to P17 d(t=0.549,P=0.596;t=0.701,P=0.501 ;t=-0.100,P=0.919).Conclusions The development of nerve fibers in the whole cornea or the four corneal regions is influenced by eye opening in mouse to various extents.From P13 d to P14 d,the corneal nerve fiber densities in the DN region decreased by 6.0％ without significant difference.From P14 d to P17 d,the corneal nerve fiber densities in the DT region,VN region and VT region decrease by 4.6％,5.5％ and 0.1％,respectively,without significant difference.Afterwards,the growth of nerve fibers increased in pace and the growth rate is recovered.

Adolescent ; Dermatitis Herpetiformis ; complications ; Esophageal Diseases ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; pathology

Humans ; Pediatrics ; manpower ; Personnel Administration, Hospital ; Respiratory Therapy Department, Hospital ; manpower

Objective To compare application in Beijing population using the diagnostic criterias for metabolic syndrome(MS)according to the criterias of the International Diabetes Federation(IDF),Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)Expert Panel on Detection,Evaluation,and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults[ATP Ⅲ(revised)]and Chinese Diabetes Society(CDS), respectively.Methods This study was based on an investigation on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases involving 4 628 cases.MS was diagnosed according to these three definitions respectively and prevalence derived from these three definitions was compared.Results The prevalence of MS were 40.3 %, 44.3% and 35.7% according to the IDF,ATP Ⅲ(revised)and CDS respectively.The agreement in the diagnosis of MS using IDF and CDS,ATP Ⅲ(revised)and CDS,IDF and ATP Ⅲ(revised)were 81.9%, 83.7% and 96.0% respectively.There were 4.0% subjects among the MS patients diagnosed by ATP Ⅲ (revised)who can not be screened by IDF criteria.The prevalence of obesity was 19.6% according to ATP Ⅲ,much lower than the prevalence using CDS and IDF,whereas this rate increased to 58.6% using ATP Ⅲ(revised)criteria,showing diagnostic agreement with CDS.The coincidence rate between ATP Ⅲ (revised)and CDS was 80.6% Conclusion This investigation shows good agreement in the diagnosis of MS using IDF,CDS and ATP Ⅲ(revised)among Beijing population and these criterias can be used in China.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms for the development of cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension,the present study provided the differential protein expression analysis of hypertrophied heart at differ- ent stages in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Methods The profiles of protein expression of left ventricu lar myocardium in SHR and its normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at the age of 4 and 20 weeks were analyzed with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with matrix assisted laser desorption ioniza- tion-time of flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) mass spectrometry.Results Although the blood pressure of SHR was normal at 4 weeks age,hypertrophy of the left ventricle had already developed.The expression pattern in the hy- pertrophic myocardium was found 27 modulated proteins,20 of which were identified.These proteins are involved in reactions of energy metabolism,mitoehondrial oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress,etc.The expres- sion of 13 proteins was significantly changed in SHR rats at early stage prior to the development of sustained hyper- tension,while the expression changes of other 7 proteins occurred only at late stage in SHR rats when the blood pressure was significantly elevated.Conclusions lncrease in glycolysis and decrease in oxidation of fatty acid and glucose was shown in the hypertrophied myocardium from early stage in SHR prior to the development of hyperten sion.The significant changes in protein expression of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and antioxidative molecules support the hypothesis that oxidative stress promotes and accelerates the development of hypertensive car- diac hypertrophy.

Objective To investigate the effects of abnormal psychological factors on patients with different subtypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and on their natural history.Methods Patients with GERD symptoms were underwent 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring and endoscopy.They were enquired about frequency and severity of reflex symptoms and other informations,and filled in the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).Twelve months later,they were enquired again about their symptoms and medication.Results One hundred and fifteen patients were followed up for(18.0?6.1)months (ranged from 12 to 37 months).The values of psychosomatic parameters including somatic,anxious, depression,compulsory and psychiatric scores in patients with GERD and RE were higer than normal values(both P