Neonatal brain damage including hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy(HIE) and intracranial haemorrhage,may cause adverse neurodevelopmental outcome such as cerebral palsy.Earlier diagnosis is very important for the treatment of brain damage.This review is to elucidate the relationship between imaging changes(CT,MRI and ultrasonography) and prognostic assessment,thus provide reference for clinicians,the objective is focus on imaging changes of HIE and intracranial haemorrhages,which are 3 of the most frequently reported cases.

Objective To study the effect of bromocriptine(BRC) on the activation of T lymphocyte stimulated by phytohemagglutinin(PHA).Methods After CD4+ T cell line Jurkat E6-1 cells were stimulated by PHA,prolactin(PRL) and BRC,respectively,the expression of linker for activation of T cells(LAT) and zeta-chain T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 000(ZAP-70) mRNA of T lymphocytes were checked by RT-PCR.The expression of PRL mRNA of T lymphocytes was detected by Real time PCR.The expression of CD25(cluster of differentiation) as a marker of early activation on the surface of T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry,and the activation of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) was detected by luciferase reporter system.Results 1.BRC inhibited the expression of ZAP-70 as the common signal molecules both in the T lymphocyte activation pathway and PRL-prolactin-prolactin receptor(PRLR) signal transduction pathway,and decreased the expression of PRL mRNA produced by activation T lymphocytes.2.BRC enhanced the expression of LAT mRNA as another important signal molecular on the T lymphocytes and CD25 on the surface of the T lymphocytes.3.The activation of NF-?B of T lymphocytes was decreased.Conclusions BRC might inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the expression of ZAP-70,the common signal molecules between T lymphocytes activation and PRL-PRL pathway,and PRL mRNA,the like-T lymphocyte growth factor.

OBJECTIVETo explore the procedures of dynamic infusion cavernosometry and cavernosography (DICC) and their application in the diagnosis and classification of venous erectile dysfunction (VED).

METHODSThis study included 103 ED patients, aged 20 to 43 years, highly suspected of VED, with disease courses of 4 months to 6 years. DICC was performed and analyses were made on the results, especially the parameters of flow-to-maintain (FTM) and pressure decay (PD) in the corpus cavernosum.

RESULTSBased on the parameters of FTM and PD, 21 of the patients were normal, 5 were suspected of VED, 39 had mild VED, 25 had moderate VED, and 13 had severe VED. Penile subcutaneous hematoma was found in 4 of the patients, all recovered after 3 to 5 days, with no other complications.

CONCLUSIONDICC is a reliable, safe and minimally invasive method for the diagnosis and classification of VED.

Diagnostic Techniques, Urological ; adverse effects ; Hematoma ; etiology ; Humans ; Impotence, Vasculogenic ; classification ; diagnosis ; Male ; Penile Diseases ; etiology ; Penis ; blood supply ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Veins

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical effects of different fixations in order to provide the best therapeutic choice for comminuted patellar fractures.

METHODSFrom February 2003 to June 2009, 56 patients with comminuted patellar fractures were treated with three methods of fixation. Of them, 18 patients (group A) were treated with Kirschner-wire with steel wire fixation, there were 9 males and 9 females, ranging in age from 32 to 52 years with an average of (47.62 +/- 4.82) years; 13 patients (group B) with circular silk thread fixation and plaster immobilization, there were 3 males and 10 females,ranging in age from 38 to 65 years with an average of (48.58 +/- 8.28) years; 25 patients (group C) with memory alloy patella holder fixation, there were 9 males and 16 females, ranging in age from 32 to 68 years with an average of (48.36 +/- 9.59) years. According to criteria of Böstman, eight indexes were compared, including the range of motion of the knee, pain, walking and so on.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 8 to 26 months with an average of 15.6 months. All the fractures healed. The Böstman scoring of group A, B, C were respectively 26.00 +/- 4.6, 22.08 +/- 5.31, 26.44 +/- 3.77. The clinical effects of group A and C were better than that of group B (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe method of Kirschner-wire with steel wire fixation or memory alloy patella holder fixation can obtain satisfactory effects in treating comminuted patellar fractures because of steady fixation and early function recovery.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Wires ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patella ; injuries

To breed a new yam cultivar of Dioscorea alata, the different and excellent germplasm resources were investigated within artificially cultivated population and some superior individuals, with a higher yield and medicinal properties, were selected. Considering results of the yield and medicinal properties during 2006-2013 cropping season, strains and lines were established and selected. As a result, the yield of the new developed cultivar (Wenshanyao No. 1, WSY01-1) reached 2217. 0 kg per 667 m2 (fresh weight) and 348.3 kg per 667 m2 (dry weight), and increased 23.8% and 23.9% comparing with control cultivars (landraces). Comparing with control cultivars, the level of polysaccharide, allantoin, and dioscin increased 36.9%, 48.3%, 20.9%, and reached 12.2%, 1.30%, 579.7 µg · g(-1), respectively. This result showed that the systematic selection method can significantly improve yield and medicinal properties of D. alata, and the developed " Wenshanyao No. 1" exhibits wide spreading prospects.
Allantoin ; analysis ; Breeding ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the X-ray,CT and MRI findings of synovial tuberculosis,and to evaluate the role of MRI in diagnosing synovial tuberculosis.Methods Fourteen eases of synovial tuberculosis comfirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. All patients were examined by MRI and X-ray,and CT scans were performed in 3 cases. Results X-ray showed joint swelling(8 cases),articular space narrowing(7 cases),marginal joint erosions(4 cases), and periarticular osteoporosis(9 cases).The joint swelling was detected on CT in all 3 cases,and bony erosion and speckled sequestra were seen in 2 cases.MRI in all of patients showed joint swelling and synovial proliferation in different drgees,demonstrated as heterogeneously low signal on T_1 WI and slight high signal(7 cases)and obvious high signal(6 cases)on T_2WI,and diffuse synovial proliferation was demonstrated as massive and nodular signal in 8 cases.Joint effusion was present in 7 cases as low signal on T_1WI and high signal on T_2 WI.Osseous erosion lesions were seen in 7 cases,and intra-artieular cartilage thinned,partly or mostly disappeared in 11 cases.Periarticular bone marrow edema was found in 7 cases. Conclusion MRI was superior to X-ray and CT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of synovial tuberculosis.

The identity of higher-order neurons and circuits playing an associative role to control renal function is notwell understood.We identified specific neural populations of rostral elements of brain regions that project multisynaptically to the kidneys in 3~ days after injecting a retrograde tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV)-614 into kidney of 13 adult male C57BL/6J strain mice.PRV-614 infected neurons were detected in a number of mesencephalic (e.g.central amygdala nucleus),telencephalic regions and motor cortex.These divisions included the preoptic area (POA),dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH),lateral hypothalamus,arcuate nucleus (Arc),suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN),periventricular hypothalamus (PeH),and rostral and caudal subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN).PRV-614/Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) double-labeled cells were found within DMH,Arc,SCN,PeH,PVN,the anterodorsal and medial POA.A subset of neurons in PVN that participated in regulating sympathetic outflow to kidney was catecholaminergic or serotonergic.PRV-614 infected neurons within the PVN also contained arginine vasopressin or oxytocin.These data demonstrate the rostral elements of brain innervate the kidney by the neuroanatomical circuitry.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical application value of Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) by analyzing the positive rate of HIV tests for people in need of PITC and that of routine HIV tests.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the demographic and epidemiologic data about the patients seeking PITC services or undergoing routine HIV tests in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January and December 2013.

RESULTSThe positive rate of initial HIV screening was 1.98% in the PITC group and 0.24% in the routine test group, while that of confirmed HIV was 0. 40% in the former and 0.07% in the latter, both with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01). The positive rate of HIV was markedly higher in males than in females, particularly in the PITC group.

CONCLUSIONPITC has a high clinical value in HIV detection for targeted subjects and therefore deserves general application in dermatology.

Counseling ; Dermatology ; Female ; HIV Seropositivity ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors