Objective To explore the performance of the novel nitric oxide(NO) electrochemical microsensor based on Au nano-particles(nano-Au) modified glass-fiber .Methods With columnar glass-fiber as the substrate material ,the in-situ chemical seed-growth technology was adopted to fabricate one kind of electrochemical microsensor based on gold nanoparticles pole electrodes and the amperometric response method was used to investigate the various properties of the NO microsensor .Results This microsensor had high sensitivity response to NO ,its linear range was 7 .2 nmol/L -11 .7μmol/L(r=0 .998) with a detection limit of 3 .6 nmol/L .Conclusion A novel electrochemical microsensor based on nano-Au pole electrode was fabricated .The NO microsensor posseses high sensitivity ,wide linear range ,good reproducibility and excellent anti-interference ability .

Objective To explore the cell frequency , phenotypes and in vitro cytotoxic effects of circulating CD56+T cells in the patients with chronic HCV infection .Methods Peripheral blood mononu-clear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 33 patients with HCV chronic infection and 21 healthy subjects. Multi-color flow cytometry was used to analyze cell frequency , expressions of activating receptors ( NKG2C, CD16 and NKp46) and inhibitory receptors (NKG2A and CD158a) on CD56+T cells.The functional mark-er for cytotoxic effects (CD107a) on circulating CD56+T cells and their cytokines expression (IFN-γand TNF-α) with or without stimulation of K 562 human Leukemia cell line were also analyzed .Then the correla-tions among the expressing levels of CD 107 a, IFN-γand TNF-αwere investigated .Results The frequency of CD56+T cells in periphery lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the patients with chronic HCV in -fection as compared with that in healthy controls ( P=0.018 ).The expressions of activating receptors (NKG2C, CD16 and NKp46) on CD56+T cells from HCV infected patients were decreased (P=0.015 for NKG2C, P=0.036 for CD16 and P=0.001 for NKp46), while there was no significant change in the ex-pressions of inhibitory receptors (P>0.05 for both CD158a and NKG2A).The concentrations of IFN-γand TNF-αsecreted by CD56+T cells in the patients with chronic HCV infection were significantly decreased with or without K562 stimulation (P<0.0001).However, in the presence of K562 cells CD107a expression on CD56+T cells were sharply decreased in the patients (P<0.0001).In absence of K562 cells, there was no significant change in CD107a expression on CD56+T cells from patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). The expressions of CD107a, IFN-γand TNF-αwere closely related under the stimulation of K562(r>0.80, P<0.0001).Conclusion The frequency of CD56+T cells was reduced in patients with chronic HCV infec-tion.Moreover, cytotoxic effects and cytokines production mediated by CD 56+T cells were also significantly impaired, indicating that the dysfunction of circulating CD 56+T cells might be associated with the persist-ence of chronic HCV infection .

Population pharmacokinetics of vancomycin (VAN) in the Chinese patients was described by using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM). 619 VAN serum concentrations data from 260 patients including 177 males and 83 females were collected separately from two centers. A one-compartment model was used to describe this sparse data. No significant difference was observed between two center datasets by introducing SID covariate. The final model was as CL= (θ (base0+ θ(max) x(1 -e(-θ(Age)(Age/72) and V = θ x θ (Age)(Age/72). The creatinine clearance (CL(Cr)) and Age were identified as the most significant covariate in the final model. Typical values of clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) in the final model were 2.91 L x h(-1) and 54.76 L, respectively. Internal model validation by Bootstrap and NPDE were performed to evaluate the robustness and prediction of the final model. The median and 95% confidence intervals for the final model parameters were based on 1000 Bootstraps. External model evaluation was conducted using an independent dataset that consisted of 34 patients to predict model performance. Pharmacodynamic assessment for VAN by AUC (0-24 h) to MIC ratios of over 400 was considered to be the best to predict treatment outcomes for patients. AUC (0-24 h) was calculated by clearance based on the above population model. The results indicate that the conventional dosing regimen probably being suboptimal concentrations in aged patients. The approach via population pharmacokinetic of VAN combined with the relationship of MIC, Age, CL(Cr) and AUC(0-24 h)/MIC can predict the rational dose for attaining efficacy.
Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Vancomycin ; pharmacokinetics

Isolation of high-quality genomic DNA from dried and processed crude drug is the key for the DNA identification of Dendrobii Caulis. The DNA extract of Dendrobii Caulis was firstly compared using different method to isolate genomic DNA from dried and processed crude drug, including commercial DNA extracted kit and CTAB method. Using modified CTAB method (extracted from large samples), the genomic DNA was successfully isolated from Dendrobii Caulis, including Huangcao and Fengdou. The ITS regions were amplified using the purified DNA as template, and then cloned and sequenced. These ITS sequences were compared with data from Genbank database and our lab, 14 Dendrobium species and five similar species were identified from "Huangcao" and "Huangcao" slice, while six species and three similar species from "Fengdou" according to their sequence similarity. The study demonstrated that the dried Dendrobii Caulis could be identified using DNA molecular method, which could overcome deficiencies and limitations of traditional identification method and has a certain application prospects.
DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

ObjectiveTo study the role and mechanism of low-dose aspirin with IFN-α in inhibiting growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsMHCC97L cells were cultured and a metastatic model of human HCC was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human HCC tissue into the liver of nude (nu/nu) mice.After administration of different doses of Aspirin and IFN-α for 40 days,the mice bearing xenografts in liver were killed,and the tumor volume and lung metastasis were evaluated.Cell proliferation and MMP-2 activity were measured by MTT and gelatin zymography,respectively.The expressions of VEGF and MMP-2 were measured by western blot and ELISA.ResultsCompared to the control group,there were no significant differences in the high-dose Aspirin [45 mg/(kg · d)] treated group regarding tumor volume [(1.89 ±0.88) cm3 vs (3.12±0.85) cm3,P＞0.05] and incidence of lung metastases (58.3％ vs 66.7％,P＞0.05),but the tumor volume and incidence of lung metastasis were significantly inhibited in the highdose IFN-α group [1.5 × 107/(kg · d)],the high-dose IFN-α combined with high-dose Aspirin group,and the low-dose IFN-α [7.5 × 106 / (kg · d) ] combined with low-dose Aspirin [15 mg/(kg · d] group (P＜0.05).2 mmol/L Aspirin did not inhibit the proliferation of MHCC97 cells (P＞0.05),but inhibited the activities and expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF.Low-dose IFN-α combined with low-dose Aspirin significantly decreased the expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF in nude mice (P＜0.05).ConclusionLow-dose Aspirin combined with low-dose IFN-α significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of HCC through suppressing the expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF.

Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of TMPRSS4 in radiation induced metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Metastatic model of human HCC was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human HCC tissue into the liver of nude mice.Mice bearing xenografts in liver were killed after radiation and the residual tumors were resected and reimplanted into the liver of normal nude mice.At the end of sixth week,the mice were killed and the histopathological features,tumor volume,intrahepatic and lung metastasis were evaluated.Expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related genes including N-cadherin,Vimentin,SIP1 and TMPRSS4 were measured by Western blotting and RT-PCR.Results The tumor volume and frequency of lung metastasis of control group was 2.25±0.52 cm3 and 66.7％,respectively.Compared to control group,tumor diameter (1.61±0.51 cm3,P＜0.05) and lung metastasis (12.5％,P＜0.05) were significantly inhibited 2 days after radiation.Whereas,30 days after radiation,tumor growth recovered (2.60±0.61 cm3,P＞0.05) and lung metastasis was enhanced (100％,P＜0.05).There were no intrahepatic metastasis in the control group and in the group of reimplantation of HCC 2 days after radiation,while the tumors from those 30 days after radiation showed enhanced intrahepatic metastasis (18 ± 8.05,P＜ 0.01 ),with overexpression of SIP1,N-cadherin,Vimentin and TMPRSS4,and reduced expression of E-cadherin.Conclusion The metastasis potential of residual HCC after radiation was first inhibited and then promoted.Overexpression of TMPRSS4 plays a critical role in radiation induced long-term metastasis of HCC by facilitating EMT.

Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Central Venous Pressure ; physiology ; Heart Function Tests ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Respiration, Artificial ; Shock, Septic ; pathology ; Swine ; physiology ; Venae Cavae ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of aqueous extracts of Polygonum multiflorum (AEPM) on bile acid synthesis, metabolism and transfer-related molecules in rat liver and the hepatotoxicity-related mechanism of P. multiflorum.

METHODSprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with 30, 60 g x kg(-1) APEM once everyday for consecutively 28 days. At the end of the experiment, mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic MRP3, MRP2, BSEP, FXR and CYP7A1 were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot

RESULTCompared with the normal group, the AEPM high dose group showed significant increases in mRNA expressions of hepatic MRP3 and BSEP of male rats (P < 0.05); AEPM high and low dose groups revealed a notable decrease in mRNA expressions of hepatic FXR (P < 0.05) and remarkable rises in mRNA expressions of hepatic MRP3, MRP2, BSEP, CYP7A1 among female rats (P < 0.05). According to the test results of western blot assay, AEPM high and low dose groups showed consistent changes in protein and mRNA expressions hepatic MRP3, MRP2, BSEP, FXR, CYP7A1.

CONCLUSIONThe 28 oral administration with AEPM in rats showed a certain effect on expressions of bile acid synthesis, metabolism and transfer-related proteins, as well as cholestatic or choleretic effects in the mRNA expression.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts ; metabolism ; Cholestasis ; chemically induced ; Fallopia multiflora ; Female ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Examination ; methods ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; pathology ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cytological Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the protective effects of propofol against liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.

METHODSForty male rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, namely the sham operation (N) group, IR group with hepatic IR injury (induced by ischemia of the left, right and median hepatic lobes for 1 h followed by reperfusion for 2 h), propofol (P) group with sham operation and propofol perfusion at 10 mg kg(-1) h(-1), and propofol treatment (PIR) group with IR injury and propofol perfusion. RT-PCR was used to detect the transcription level of NF-kappaB, and Western blotting was used for assaying NF-kappaB protein expression in the liver.

RESULTSCompared with either the N or the P group, the IR group showed obvious swelling, fatty degeneration and scatter focal necrosis of the hepatocytes as well as mild congestion in the hepatic sinusoid, with significantly increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and NF-kappaB expressions at both mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05). In the PIR group, the histopathological changes of the liver was lessened as compared with the IR group, and ALT and AST elevation was significantly inhibited (P<0.05) as was the protein expression of NF-kappaB (P<0.05), but NF-kappaB transcription level was further enhanced (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPropofol can protect the liver from IR injury possibly by inhibiting NF-kappaB expression.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Liver ; blood supply ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Propofol ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction