Objective To investigate the situation and progress in technology of brain computer interfaces (BCI) by using the bibliometric approach.Methods Literature searching was done in China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) database using keyword brain computer interface.Subsequent results were analyzed by using softwares concerning the periodical distribution,subjects' distribution,foundations,authors,institutes,journal types and key words.Results Overall 425 publications from 160 journals were included.The amount of the relevant articles showed an increasing trend in 2002 to 2012.The research in BCI in China was supported by a large amount of funds.There were a lot of Chinese authors and institutions participating in BCI study,and they were widely distributed across the country.However,only 32.56％ of all authors and 51.85％ of all institutions published more than 1 article.Moreover,research on BCI mainly was focused on the biomedical engineering aspect.Conclusions Research on BCI developed rapidly in the past 12 years in China and will continue to develop in the following decades.In the future studies,the focus should shift to clinical research instead of biomedical engineering,and to make this technology a useful clinical practice is the first priority.

Background There has been a long debate among scholars surrounding the relationship between language and cognition.The worldwide study of aphasia is actively exploring the function of language from cognitive point of view.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between linguistic functions and cognitive functions in a clinical study of Chinese patients with post-stroke aphasia.Methods Cognitive functions of 63 Chinese patients with aphasia following a stroke were assessed with the Chinese version of the second edition of Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) battery and their linguistic functions were tested with the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) Scale,respectively.The correlation between the results observed on the LOTCA battery and those on the WAB was analyzed.Aphasia quotient,performance quotient,cortical quotient,and linguistic function of the patients were compared.Then,each language function was analyzed by way of dependent adopt multiple regression analysis.Results The total score of 63 patients as shown on the LOTCA battery was significantly correlated with the aphasia quotient,performance quotient,and cortical quotient observed on the WAB Scale (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01).However,the correlation between visuomotor organization under LOTCA and repeat under WAB was not significant (P ＞0.05).The attention of LOTCA and WAB's spontaneous speech,repeat,naming,and aphasia quotient was not relevant either (P＞0.05).In addition,correlations between the results observed on the LOTCA battery and the WAB were significant (P＜0.05,P ＜0.01).Among the significant variables finally entered into the standardized canonical discriminant functions,main factors affected the aphasia.Multiple regression analysis showed that orientation,spatial perception,and visual perception had a notable influence on aphasia quotient and naming.Orientation and thinking operation was found to have a notable influence on spontaneous speech.Spatial perception and visual perception was found to have a notable influence on auditory comprehension.Thinking operation and orientation was found to have an obvious influence on reading.Thinking operation,spatial perception,and attention was found to have a notable effect on writing (P ＜0.01).Conclusion There exists a close relationship between linguistic functions and cognitive orientation,spatial perception,visual perception,and thinking operation in a clinical study of Chinese patients with post-stroke aphasia.

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of the water-extracts of the pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb..

METHODSPine needles were collected in Xixia country and extracted with boiling water for two times and the water-extracts were concentrated. The crude extract of pine needles was fractionated into four fractions by Et2O, EtOAc and n-BuOH. Various column chromatography with D-101 macroreticular resin, Toyopearl HW-40 and silica gel were employed for the isolation and purification of compounds from the n-BuOH fraction of pine needles. The structures of the compounds were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, etc.).

RESULTSFour compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of water-extracts, and their structures were identified as 3-methoxyl-9'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4':7,5':8-diepoxyneoligan-4,9-diol (massonianoside E, I), 4,4',8,8',9-pentahydroxyl-3,3'-dimethoxyl-7,9'-monoepoxylignan (II), umbelliferon (III), 4-(4'-hydroxyl-3'-methoxylbenzyl)-2-butanone (IV).

CONCLUSIONCompound I is a new compound, and compounds II, III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Molecular Structure ; Pinus ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Umbelliferones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

AIMTo study the chemical constituents from the water-extracts of pine needles of Pinus massoniana Lamb.

METHODSChromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify compounds. Their physico-chemical properties and spectral data (UV, IR, MS, 1H-1H, 13C-1H NMR, DEPT, HMBC etc.) were used to elucidate the structures.

RESULTSThree lignans were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of water-extracts. Their structures were identified as (7S,8R)-3',4,9'-tridihydroxy-4-methoxy- 9-O-shikimoyl-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan (massonianoid A, I), (7S,8R)-4,9-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,8- dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan (II) and 4,4',8-trihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-9-lignanolide (III).

CONCLUSIONCompound I is a new compound. While II and III were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Furans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Pinus ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish a cell line for stable expression of human beta-defensin 3 (hBD3).

METHODSFull length cDNA of hBD3 was isolated from previously constructed pGEM-hBD3 and then inserted into pcDNA3. The recombinant vector identified carrying hBD3 with right direction was introduced into COS-7 cells by Lipofectamine. Cell clones survived in G418-rich medium and with stable expression of hBD3 in both mRNA and protein levels were identified by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Genomic integration of the hBD3 gene with the COS-7 cells was confirmed by Southern dot blot and primary analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the secreted hBD3 was also evaluated.

RESULTSCOS-7 cells transfected with pcDNA3-hBD3 expressed hBD3 stably in mRNA and protein level. Southern dot blot analysis showed successful integration of the hBD3 gene into the genome of COS-7 cell and the hBD-3 protein secreted into the culture medium showed antimicrobial activity.

CONCLUSIONWe successfully established a hBD3-expressing cell line.

Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; Genetic Vectors ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Transfection ; beta-Defensins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the antigenic properties of mutant hepatitis B virus surface antigen, to understand the sensitivity of the commercially available HBsAg assays to the variants and to reduce the undetectability of the variants.

METHODSRecombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids for HBsAg. The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids pSS1adr, pSS1adw2, pSS1adw2- 145Arg, pSS1adr-126 Asn and pSS1adr-126Ser were transfected into COS-7 cells. HBsAg in the supernatants of transfected cells was detected by using different commercial ELISA kits.

RESULTSThe absorbance value of pSS1adr-126 Asn and pSS1adr-126Ser plasmids were similar to that of the wild type HBsAg, the absorbance value of pSS1adw2-145Arg plasmids was lower than that of the wild type HBsAg.

CONCLUSIONIt is estimated that the antigenicity of HBsAg mainly depended on the amino acid sequence of "a" antigen determinant and its conformation, so 145 amino acid substitutions led to the change of conformation and the antigenicity of variant HBsAg was lower than that of the wild type.

Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; genetics ; immunology ; Mutation ; Transfection ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics

Novel solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) system is prepared with Compritol ATO 888 and tricaprylic glyceride. DSC, XRD, SAXS and NMR are employed to study the novel carrier property and microstructure. When the peak melting point decreased from 70.8 degrees C to 61.4 degrees C, the enthalpy sharply decreased. It could be concluded that the regular crystal lattices in the novel carriers are broken out for the oil joined in them. Melting behavior is occurred at -17.7 degrees C while novel SLN is composed of oil and solid lipid mixture from the DSC measurement. Most alpha phase and least beta' phase are in the nano carrier system whether drug loading or not from the XRD investigation. There is only 0.1 nm change of long space among the novel SLN made of mixture and the lipid matrix and traditional SLN; therefore, it is impossible of the oil molecular insert into the solid glyceride structure. Since the different melting behavior (DSC measurements) and molecular move state (NMR investigations), two lipid matrix are still in two state of liquid and solid lipid in the novel SLN carrier. Presume the microstructure of the novel SLN prepared by our experiment would be that liquid oil has formed superfine nano accommodation encapsulated with solid lipid, but the whole particle is still in nano size range.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Caprylates ; chemistry ; Diterpenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Epoxy Compounds ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Fatty Acids ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Phenanthrenes ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction

This study was aimed to explore whether the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) could be alleviated by intra-bone marrow (IBM) infusion of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Female C57BL/6 mice as recipients received total body irradiation (TBI) 4 Gy on day 0, followed by injection of peripheral hematopoietic stem cells (1 x 10(7)) from mobilized male BALB/c with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally two days later. The results showed that the incidence and severity of GVHD were more low and alleviative in group IBM-PBSCT than that in group TV-PBSCT (p < 0.05). Y chromosome of donor mice could be detected in the bone marrow of recipient mice. It is concluded that the method of intra-bone marrow infusion is superior to injection via the tail vein in the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells in terms of stem cell homing while the frequency and severity of GVHD in allogeneic mice decrease.
Animals ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; prevention & control ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Models, Animal ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Recombinant Proteins ; Whole-Body Irradiation

Objectives: To plot and analyze ECG three-dimensional (3D) RR scatter plots in patients with various diseases in order to find the correlation between the graphic features and various diseases. Methods: According to ECG data provided by Physio Bank website, 3D RR scatter plots were constructed and analyzed by means of Matlab platform programming and clustering algorithm in following clinical settings: normal sinus rhythm,?arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), sudden cardiac death and chronic heart failure (CHF). Results: 3D RR scatter plots of normal sinus rhythm, arrhythmia, AF, sudden cardiac death and CHF were converged into several categories, all had the features of ultimate, stability and attraction. Significant differences on the number of clusters, clustering degrees and distribution ranges were observed among subjects with normal sinus rhythm, arrhythmia, AF, sudden cardiac death and CHF. Conclusions: 3D RR scatter plots had diversified distributions in different diseases, it can be divided into multiple categories with multi-distribution features. 3D RR scatter plots can clearly define the overlapping parts of 2D scatter diagram and are helpful to distinguish different diseases in a more accurate mode, future studies are warranted to explore the underlying clinical implications of the multiple parameters derived from the 3D RR scatter plots.