Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Prostheses and Implants

Objective　To investigate the effect of T-2 toxin on apoptosis of chondrocytes.Methods　Chondrocytes which were obtained from aborted fetal were cultured in vitro.Four days later,these chondrocytes were exposed to T-2 toxin in different concetrations for 16 hours.According to the concentratio ns,five experimental groups were divided:0,5,10,20,40 μg/L.Then TUNEL staining and Flowcytometry were used to detect the apoptosis of chondrocytes qualitativel y and quantitatively,the effect of T-2 toxin on proliferation of chondrocytes were also observed.Results　After being exposed to T-2 toxin,the body of chondrocytes shrinked obviously and there was a dose-dependent relationship bet ween the toxin concentration and the degree of shrink.The concentration of T-2 toxin changed from 0 μg/L to 10 ng/ml,the number of apoptosis increased.Conclusions　 T-2 toxin can inhibit the proliferation of chondroyte significantly in a dose-depenent manner. T-2 toxin can induce the apoptosis of chondrocyte and the numbers of apoptosis is proportionate to the concentration of T-2 toxin in particular range.

Objective To explore the cell frequency , phenotypes and in vitro cytotoxic effects of circulating CD56+T cells in the patients with chronic HCV infection .Methods Peripheral blood mononu-clear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 33 patients with HCV chronic infection and 21 healthy subjects. Multi-color flow cytometry was used to analyze cell frequency , expressions of activating receptors ( NKG2C, CD16 and NKp46) and inhibitory receptors (NKG2A and CD158a) on CD56+T cells.The functional mark-er for cytotoxic effects (CD107a) on circulating CD56+T cells and their cytokines expression (IFN-γand TNF-α) with or without stimulation of K 562 human Leukemia cell line were also analyzed .Then the correla-tions among the expressing levels of CD 107 a, IFN-γand TNF-αwere investigated .Results The frequency of CD56+T cells in periphery lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the patients with chronic HCV in -fection as compared with that in healthy controls ( P=0.018 ).The expressions of activating receptors (NKG2C, CD16 and NKp46) on CD56+T cells from HCV infected patients were decreased (P=0.015 for NKG2C, P=0.036 for CD16 and P=0.001 for NKp46), while there was no significant change in the ex-pressions of inhibitory receptors (P>0.05 for both CD158a and NKG2A).The concentrations of IFN-γand TNF-αsecreted by CD56+T cells in the patients with chronic HCV infection were significantly decreased with or without K562 stimulation (P<0.0001).However, in the presence of K562 cells CD107a expression on CD56+T cells were sharply decreased in the patients (P<0.0001).In absence of K562 cells, there was no significant change in CD107a expression on CD56+T cells from patients and healthy controls (P>0.05). The expressions of CD107a, IFN-γand TNF-αwere closely related under the stimulation of K562(r>0.80, P<0.0001).Conclusion The frequency of CD56+T cells was reduced in patients with chronic HCV infec-tion.Moreover, cytotoxic effects and cytokines production mediated by CD 56+T cells were also significantly impaired, indicating that the dysfunction of circulating CD 56+T cells might be associated with the persist-ence of chronic HCV infection .

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of clavicular hook-plate fixation and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation in treating Tossy type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSForty-one patients with Tossy type III acromioclavicular dislocation treated by operation were retrospectively analysis from January 2012 to January 2014. The patients were divided into clavicular hook-plate fixation group (group A) and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation (group B) according to surgical procedures. In group A, there were 15 males and 6 females aged from 17 to 51 years old with an average of (31.60 ± 12.58) years old, preoperative Constant-Murley score was 40.25 ± 9.80, and treated with clavicular hook-plate fixation. In group B, there were 13 males and 7 females aged from 18 to 48 years old with an average of (29.40 ± 11.27) years old, preoperative Constant-Murley score was 41.45 ± 8.81, and treated with modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation. Operative time, blood loss, imaging changes before and after operation, postoperative complications were compared; Constant-Murley score at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation were evaluated.

RESULTSIn group A, operative time was 40.50 ± 24.36) min, blood loss was (75.30 ± 30.36) ml; In group B, operative time was (60.10 ± 23.55) min, blood loss was (100.70 ± 40.12) ml. Twenty-one patients in group A were followed-up from 12 to 18 months with an average of (14.8 ± 3.1) months; 20 patients in group B were followed-up from 12 to 14 months with an average of (13.6 ± 1.5) months. There were no significant differences in operative time, blood loss and follow-up time between two groups. Complications were in six patients of group A and 3 patients of group B, and there were no significant meaning between two groups. At 6 months after operation, Constant-Murley score in group A was 88.85 ± 4.23, 92.15 ± 3.82 in group B; and had significant meaning between two groups (t = -2.56, P = 0.022 < 0.05). While there were no differences in Constant-Murley score in other times.

CONCLUSIONBoth of clavicular hook-plate fixation and modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation are effective operative methods for the treatment of Tossy type III acromioclavicular dislocation. Clavicular hook-plate fixation has advantage of less trauma, while modified Weaver-Dunn surgery combined with clavicular hook-plate fixation could reconstruct coracoclavicular ligament more stronger, clavicular hook plate could take out earlier, also improve shoulder joint function earlier.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery

Animals ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Naloxone ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVE: To observe the chemical groups changing in rat kidney with regard to fatal hyperthermia by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) and to provide a new method to diagnose fatal hyperthermia. METHODS: Rats were sacrificed by hyperthermia, brainstem injury, massive hemorrhage and asphyxiation and divided into groups. The renal samples were dissected immediately after death. The data of infrared spectroscopy in glomerulus were measured by FTIR-MSP. RESULTS: The absorbances of 3290, 3070, 2850, 1540 and 1396 cm(-1) significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the ratios of Al650/A3290 and A1650/A1540 significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in group of hyperthermia. CONCLUSION FTIR-MSP can analyze the changes of chemical groups of kidney as an auxiliary diagnosis for discriminating hyperthermia with other causes of death.
Animals ; Fever/mortality* ; Fourier Analysis ; Kidney/metabolism* ; Microspectrophotometry ; Rats ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic experience of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and to analyze the pathological features and prognostic factors of GIST.

METHODSThe clinicopathological and follow-up data of 181 patients with GIST admitted in Renji Hospital between January 1999 and December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. All the cases were grouped according to Fletcher's risk scheme. Life table and COX regression model were used to evaluate the prognostic factors.

RESULTSOut of 181 tumors, 107(59.1%) were located in stomach, 51 (28.2%) in intestine and 23(12.7%) in colorectum or other sites. Distant metastases,including liver metastases were found in 7 patients intraoperatively. Tumor size ranged from 0.5 to 30 cm with the mean of 7.02 cm. The positive rate of CD117 was 94.5% (171/181) and that of CD34 was 86.2% (156/181). One hundred and seventy-six patients underwent complete resections, including multi-organ resections in 26 patients. The other patients underwent palliative operations. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates of 181 patients were 95.2%, 87.9% and 78.5% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed age, tumor size, primary organ of tumor, mitotic count, Fletcher's classification and multi-organ resection were associated with survival rate. No significant difference of sex was existed among groups. COX hazard proportional model revealed that advanced stage and large tumor size indicated worse prognosis. Eight patients with high risk of recurrence and 3 patients with recurrence and metastasis were stable after receiving imatinib therapy.

CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis of GIST depends on endoscope and CT. Fletcher's classification is simple and effective to evaluate GIST behavior and prognosis. Surgical resection is still the main therapy for GIST and targeted therapy will play a more important role for prognosis in the future.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

In-vitro assay methods were established to evaluate transactivation and binding activity of compounds on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARγ). Firstly, plasmids were constructed for transactivation assay of PPARγ response element (PPRE) triggered reporter gene expression, and for cell-based binding activity assay of the chimeric receptor, which was fused with PPARγ ligand binding domain (LBD) and yeast transcriptional activator Gal4. Secondly, by using PPARy competitive binding assay based on time resolved-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET), affinities of compounds and drugs to PPARγ were evaluated. In application of these above methods, the PPARγ activating potency and characteristics of different compounds were evaluated, and a novel benzeneselfonamide derivative, ZLJ01, was found to have comparable binding activity and affinity with the well-known PPARy agonist, but lack of PPRE mediated transactivation activity. In preliminary study on in-vitro hypoglycemic activity, ZLJ1 was found to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by liver cells. Therefore, we believe that combining transactivation and binding activity as well as affinity evaluation, the system could be used to screen non-agonist PPARγ ligand as anovel PPARγ modulator
Genes, Reporter ; Hepatocytes ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; chemistry ; Ligands ; PPAR gamma ; agonists ; chemistry ; Plasmids ; Response Elements ; Sulfonamides ; chemistry ; Transcriptional Activation

AIMTo explore whether endogenous catecholamine participates in the effect of interleukin-2 on the isolated heart.

METHODSThe number of premature ventricular contraction (PVC), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow(CF)were recorded in isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts.

RESULTS(1) 50 U/ml IL-2 increased the PVC number, LVDP LVEDP, HR and CF. (2) Pretreatment of reserpine or propranolol abolished the cardiac effect of IL-2 at 50 U/ml, while pretreatment with phentolamine did not change the effect of IL-2. (3) 200 U/ml IL-2 increased the number of PVC,but did not increase LVDP, LVEDP, HR and CF. (4) After pretreatment of reserpine or propranolol, IL-2 failed to increase the number of PVC, but caused decrease of LVDP, HR and CF, and elevation of LVEDP.

CONCLUSIONEndogenous catecholamine mediates the arrhythmogenic, positively chronotropic and inotropic effects of IL-2. IL-2 at 200 U/ml inhibits the cardiac function in the isolated rat heart.

Animals ; Catecholamines ; physiology ; Heart ; drug effects ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

At present, cancer is still one of the most serious threats to human health. Despite the wide application of multiple cancer therapies in clinical practice, the therapeutic effects of most cancers are still far from satisfactory. In recent years, the discovery of regulated cell death may be a good first step on the road to treat cancer. Ferroptosis is triggered by lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane catalyzed by iron ion. It has been widely concerned as an emerging target for cancer therapy. With the booming of biomedical nanotechnology, ferroptosis as an emerging therapeutic target has attracted extensive attention. Here, we review the advance on the intersection of ferroptosis and biomedical nanotechnology. First, the research background of ferroptosis and nano-preparation as well as the feasibility of ferroptosis-based nano-drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) for cancer treatment are presented and analyzed. Then, the strategies for inducing ferroptosis based on nano-DDS are summarized, mainly including: the promotion of Fenton reaction, the inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4) and the restriction of the cysteine-glutamate exchange transporter (system Xc^-). Furthermore, the combination therapy strategies based on biomedical nanotechnology induced ferroptosis are also discussed. Finally, we shine the spotlight on the prospects and challenges of ferroptosis-based nanotherapeutics in clinical application.