Objective To search for a good method for generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by embryonic stem cells (ESC),and to investigate the potential of HSC derived from ESC to reconstruct hematopoiesis in vivo.Methods Using a three-step method to induce a mice ESC line, E14.1-into HSC.And identifying HSC by flow cytometry analysis cell markers with CD34 +/Sca-1+, then HSC (1×109L-1)from ESC differentiation were injected into severe combined immunodefieency (SCID) mice for observing teratoma formation.To validate function of HSC by colonngenic cells assay and to reconstitute the hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated mice.Results Combining to use more hematopoietic stimulating factor to availably promote the El4.1 cell into embryoid body (EBs) with abundant hematopoietic progenitors.EBs were induced after 14 day to fast differentiate for HSC with peak percentages of CD34+/Sca-1+ cells reached to (13.72±2.07)%.To harvested ceils from EBs by day 14 for second -step HSC differentiation, percent of CD34+/Sca-1+ cells rise to(24.62±2.50) % after day 16 induction.Cloning forming units (CFU) analysis showed that more Erythro -myeloid cloning generation was observed at this period.Cells obtained in the second step are subsequently plated on monolayer of mice bone marrow stromal cells, in the presence of TPO, FLt3 ligand and superoatant of mice fetal liver stromal cells, cultured for additional 15 days, followed fast expansion of CD34+/Sca-1+ to maximally (58.64±4.20 ) % with more CFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM population.Wright-Giemsa stain showed that its had the character of hematopoietic progenitors.Cells from the third-step were injected into SCID mice, but no teratomas were recovered in 2 mices after 6 weeks.Positive selection of CD34+/Sca-1+ cells by magnetic sorting from the third - step differentiation were transplanted into 7 lethally irradiated female mice while predominant hematopoietic reconstitution were observed in 10 days after transplantation, with 71.4% successful engraftment rate.And 3 recipients showed that the cell population of the peripheral blood leukocytes,red cells, hemoglobin approached normal index at 40 days after transplant, hut followed relative'slow renew in platelet count.Survival rate of transplant group is 43.0%, compared to 100% mortality in control mice.Karyotyping assays confirmed female mice with XY.Conclusions The results showed that the three-step differentiation and the culture conditions described here good support differentiation of ESC into HSC.HSC derived from ESC were safe without teratomas formation in body, and its can reconstruct hematopoiesis.

This paper introuduces two ways of WEIDA LMW-1000 Magnetic Resonance Imaging System's communication with Windows 98 computer. It has a practical value to the improvement of the system's operation interface.
Automatic Data Processing ; Computer Communication Networks ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; instrumentation ; Software

A new thermophilic fungus J18 isolated from the soil samples was identified as Paecilomyces thermophila. This strain produced effectively xylanase utilizing several lignocellulosic materials in the solid-state fermentation (SSF) , and wheat straw was the best carbon source. The results of single-factor-experiment showed that the wheat straw of particle size 0. 3 mm ~ 0.45 mm, initial moisture content of 83% , initial pH of 7. 0 and cultivation temperature of 50℃were the optimal conditions for xylanase production. Under the optimized conditions, it produced 18 580 U/g dry substrate after 8 days of cultivation. Therefore, xylanase production by Paecilomyces thermophila in SSF possess great potential for commercial applications.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of mifepristone on the growth of human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSIn situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA in MKN-45 cells. Proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and the expression of Bcl-xL and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of MKN-45 cells incubated with various concentrations of mifepristone (1, 5, 10, and 20 micromol/L) were analyzed using MTT reduction assay, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. After transplantation of MKN-45 cells underneath the skin of athymic mice, mifepristone was administrated with the dose of 50 mg/(kg x d) for 6 weeks to evaluate the tumor growth. Apoptosis and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in xenografted tumors were detected using transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.

RESULTSPR mRNA was highly expressed in cultured MKN-45 cell. Mifepristone dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of MKN-45 cells, and the inhibitory rate was dramatically increased from 7.21% to 47.23%. The inhibitory effect was accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, and with a concurrent decrease in the proportion of S- and G2M-phase cells and the proliferative index from 57.65% to 24.54%. Meanwhile, mifepristone down-regulated the expression of Bcl-xL and VEGF in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, mifepristone effectively inhibited the growth of xenografted tumors in nude mice (55.14% for inhibitory rate), induced apoptosis, and down-regulated PCNA expression in gastric cancer.

CONCLUSIONMifepristone exerts significant growth inhibitory effects on PR-positive human MKN-45 gastric cancer cells via multiple mechanisms, and may be a beneficial agent against the tumor.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Mifepristone ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Progesterone ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on blood lipid and lipoperoxidation from the experimental hyperlipidemic rats.

METHOD50 rats were randomly divided into normal group, hyperlipidemia control group, experimental group 1, 2 and 3 in which the rats were treated with ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides at dosages of 200 mg x kg(-1) and 400 mg x kg(-1) and 800 mg x kg(-1) respectively. Apart from the rats in control group, all the rats in other groups were fed with high fat forage for 30 days. The blood was collected from the tails of rats for measuring the serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, GSH-Px, SOD and LPO.

RESULTGanoderma lucidum polysaccharides could significantly decrease the serum contents of TC, TG, LDL-c in the experimental hyperlipidemic rats (P < 0.01), and markedly increase the level of serum HDL-C (P < 0.05), Mean Level of blood LPO in the experimental groups treated by ganoderma lacidum polysaccharides at different dosages were much lower than that in hyper lipidema group, and the GSH-Px and SOD activities of blood in the group of ganoderma were much higher than those in hyperlipidema group.

CONCLUSIONGanoderma can regulate lipid metabolism, enhance the antioxidation and reduce the lipid peroxidation in the rats with hyperlipidemia.

Animals ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hyperlipidemias ; drug therapy ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reishi ; chemistry

Objective To summarize clinical experience of reconstructive operation with transpositional colon behind the sternum after corrosive esophageal burns and to explore the treatment for its complications.Methods Clinical data of 65 cases with esophageal scarred stricture after corrosive burns receiving reconstructive operation with transpositional colon behind the sternum were reviewed,56 of them by end-to-end anastomosis between transpositional anterograde peristaltic colon and esophagus,seven by end-to- end anastomosis between transpositional anterograde peristaltic colon and pharyngeal fundus,and two by end- to-end anastomosis between transpositional reversed peristaltic colon and esophagus,to summarize treatment experiences in pre-operation,operation and post-operation.Results Fifty-one of this group of patients recovered and discharged form the hospital smoothly,12 with cervical anastomotic leakage after operation including two cured by re-operation and ten cured by conservative treatment,and two with necrosis of transpositional colon including one died during operation and the other cured.Conclusions Corrosive burns of esophagus can be cured by leaving scarred stricture esophagus open without resection,and the effectiveness of reconstructive operation with transpositional colon behind the sternum is satisfactory with good pre-operative preparation,correct surgical operation,and correct post-operative treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes and rules of biochemical markers in serum of guinea pigs after death caused by hypothermia and to provide references for fatal hypothermia diagnosis by serum biochemical markers. METHODS: Twenty guinea pigs were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The guinea pigs in the experimental group were kept at -30 °C until death, while the ones in control group were decapitated after same survival intervals at 25 °C. The serum was extracted from the whole blood of right ventricular immediately. Subsequently, a series of serum biochemical markers were analyzed by auto bio-chemical analyzer. RESULTS: The levels of glucose, uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogen in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of total protein and albumin were significantly lower in the experimental group (P<0.05). There were no significantly differences of the levels of other markers such as serum enzymes and ions observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION There are characteristic changes of some specific serum biochemical markers in fatal hypothermia, which may be potentially useful for auxiliary diagnosis of fatal hypothermia.
Animals ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Cause of Death ; Guinea Pigs ; Hypothermia

Objective To discuss how to protect the intracranial vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery by observing and measuring the intracranial vertebral artery in the surgery adopt far lateral approach. Methods Mimicking far lateral approach, 20 adult cadaveric heads connected to neck fixed with 10% formalin were dissected. Intracranial segment of the vertebral arteries and their main branches were exposed and measured under operating microscope. Results The intracranial vertebral artery joined with the contralateral one into the basilar artery after traveling through the atlanto-occipital sulcus. The relationship between the vertebral artery and the hypoglossal nerve is close. Thirty sides (75%) of the vertebral arteries traveled to pons medulla sulcus in front of the hypoglossal nerve roots and 2 sides (5%) behind the hypoglossal nerve roots, while 8 sides (20%) traveled among the hypoglossal nerve roots; 70% of the vertebral arteries were contacted to the hypoglossal nerve roots, 30% of which compressed the hypoglossal nerve. The main branches of intracranial segment of the vertebral arteries were the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, the anterior spinal arteries, the posterior meningeal arteries,and some perforating arteries. Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries all originated from the intracranial vertebral artery were the largest vertebral artery's branches; their trip was mostly loop-shaped and they had close relationship with Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅺ cranial nerves. The starting points of the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries were different, even in the same specimen, but most of them originated from the upper 1/3intracranial vertebral artery. No anterior inferior cerebellar artery was noted originated from the vertebral artery in our specimen. Anterior spinal arteries originated from the vertebral arteries joined with the branches of the bilateral vertebral arteries and traveled down through the tortuous anterior median fissure to supply the spinal cord. Conclusion Being familiar with the characteristics and anatomic vertebral arteries variations of the intracranial vertebral artery and its branches can contribute to identify and protect the intracranial segment of the vertebral artery and its main branches in the surgery adopt far-lateral approach.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for bilateral ureteral stones with renal colic in emergency.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 86 patients suffered with sudden renal colic due to bilateral ureteral stones and treated with ESWL between January 2005 and January 2009.

RESULTSThe success rate was 74.4% after a single ESWL session, and the overall success rate was 82.6%. Significant difference in stone length was observed between successful group and failed group (P<0.01). The stone position did not produce significant impact on the outcome of the treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONESWL is an effective treatment modality in emergency for small-length and short-term obstruction bilateral ureteral stones with remal colic.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Colic ; etiology ; therapy ; Ureteral Calculi ; complications ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the factors affecting the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for renal calculi.

METHODSBetween January, 2004 and January, 2007, 316 patients (212 men and 104 women) with renal stone underwent ESWL. The correlations of the patients' age, gender, body mass index (BMI), disease course, pain, hematuria, stone size, location, side, number and hydronephrosis to the outcome of the treatment was analyzed. The treatment success was defined as complete clearance of the stones or residual stone fragments <0.4 cm, and ESWL was considered unsuccessful with residual stones>0.4 cm.

RESULTSThe overall success rate was 75.3% (238/316) in these patients. Significant difference in stone clearance rates was observed in patients with stone size of 0.5-1.0 cm (90.3%, 167/185), 1.0-2.0 cma(69.6%, 55/79), and >2.0 cm (30.8%, 16/52) (P<0.05). The success rates differed significantly between cases of pelvic stones (83.1%, 118/142) and those of caliceal stones (69.0%, 120/174) (P<0.05). But in cases of caliceal stones, the success rates were comparable between cases with stones at the upper calyx (71.7%, 43/60), middle calyx (68.9%, 31/45), and lower calix (66.7%, 46/69) (P>0.05). Patients with single stones had significantly higher success rate (82.9%,170/205) than those with multiple stones (61.3%, 68/111) (P<0.05). The patients' gender, age, disease course, pain, hematuria, stone side and hydronephrosis did not produce significant impact on the outcome of the treatment (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONStone size, location and quantity are significant independent factors affecting the outcome of ESWL for renal stones.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; therapy ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult