Objective To study the expressions of erythmpoietin(EPO)and its receptors(EPOR)in the injured brain tissue ofthe rats with traumatic brain injury(TBI).Methods A total of78 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups including control group(six rats),sham group(36rats) and fluid percussion injury group(36 rats).The rats were sacrificed at 6,24 hours,3,5,7 and 14days after TBI in the sham group and the fluid percussion injury group(six rats at each time point).Then,the injured brain tissues were removed for observation of the mRNA and protein expressions of EPO and EPOR by meaDiB of real-time PCR and Western blot. Results The expression of EPO was increased at 24 hours and reached the peak at day 3 after TBI.The hish expression level of EPO could maintain for two days or so.began to decrease at day 7 and recovered to normal at day 14 after Till.While the expression of EPOR reached the peak at 24 hours after TBI and maintained hish level at day14. Conclusions The expressions of EPO and EPOR show increase within 24 hours after TBI.In fact,the expressions of both factors are not in consistency,with more transient expression of EPO.

In traditional oral practice, the presystemic interactions with gut microbiota is an important mechanism underlying the holistic health benefits of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), making the study of CHMs distinct from the research of Western medicines of which the systemic exposure (level in blood) is the starting point and the core. Gut microbial metabolism complements host metabolism in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of many biologically important endogenous molecules and the disposition of numerous exogenous compounds. Among them, the widely distributed gut bacterial β-glucuronidases (BGUSs) coordinate with host UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) to play a role in the occurrence and intervention of diseases by affecting the glucuronidation homeostasis and altering the intestinal local and/or systemic exposure of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. On one hand, many ingredients of CHMs undergo enterohepatic circulation; On the other hand, CHMs can act on BGUSs directly or indirectly change the distribution and function of BGUSs through reprogramming gut microbiome. The multiple interactions between BGUSs and CHMs may play an important role in the overall therapeutic benefits of CHMs. This work firstly summarizes the latest research progress on BGUSs; then the physiological, pathological and pharmacological significance of BGUSs are exemplified with representative endogenous and exogenous compounds from the aspects of nutrient utilization, metabolic homeostasis, and therapeutic response based on the varied substrate spectra of BGUSs; finally, the scattered data in literature were integrated to summarize the multiple interactions between BGUSs and CHMs, highlighting the important role of BGUSs in the holistic actions of CHMs.

BACKGROUND:The intestine is not only the main target attacked by sepsis but also the vital organ which mediated sepsis. The recovery of the damaged intestinal barrier structure and function is related to the occurrence and outcome of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). How to protect and reduce the damage of the intestinal mucosa and how to promote the reconstruction of the intestinal mucosa have been the important topics in sepsis for many years. This study aimed to investigate the influential factors of intestinal mucosal reconstruction after intestinal epithelial injuryin vivo in a mouse model of sepsis.METHODS:Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for induction of sepsis to assess intestinal mucosal damage, epithelial cell apoptosis, and transformed number of goblet cells, and to detect the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1 and TGF-β1 and TFF3 (trefoil factor 3) expression in the small intestinal mucosa. All above were performed by HE staining, western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry respectively. The experimental animals were divided into a sepsis group and a sham-operation group. The animals with sepsis were separately killed at 6 (7 animals), 24 (7 animals) and 48 hours (7 animals) after CLP.RESULTS:Injured intestinal mucosa was observed in the 3 groups under a light microscope, in which damage scores in the 24-hour and 48-hour groups were higher than in the 6-hour group and no difference was found between the two groups. Moreover, less of goblet cells or other epithelial cells adjacent to the injured surface migrated into the wound to cover the denuded area. The number of goblet cells was substantially decreased in the three CLP groups compared with the sham-operation group. Protein levels of IL-1 and TNF-α were significantly increased by 3-4 fold at all time points when compared with the sham-operation group, and cleaved caspase-3 by 4 fold. Although TFF3 expression was modestly increased for 6 hours after the onset of CLP, it appeared to decline at 24 hours and 48 hours as shown by Western blot. A similar tendency was observed upon TGF-β1, i.e. the protein level was not elevated at 24 hours and 48 hours, but increased modestly at 6 hours.CONCLUSIONS:Sepsis from CLP shows less restitution on the surface of injured intestinal mucosa. There is evidence that both constant inflammatory reaction and epithelial cell apoptosis may affect mucosal reestablishment of the intestine at the onset of sepsis. Mucosa after severe sepsis showed the state of high inflammation, and declined goblet cell function and mucosal reconstruction, which affected the repair of damaged intestinal barrier. Constant inflammatory reaction, and declined goblet cell function and mucosal reconstruction ability may affect the reestablishment of intestinal mucosa at the onset of sepsis.

Objective To explore the causes of dengue fever resurgence in Guangxi, and to analyze the risk factors of dengue fever. Methods The descriptive epidemiological analysis was conduced based on the dengue fever data reported from 2006 to 2015, and the surveillance results of aedes and antibody levels in health population from 2013 to 2015 in Guangxi. Results Before 2013, dengue fever was imported from foreign country in Guangxi, accounting for 95.35％(42/45), and 75.71％of the imported cases was imported from Southeast Asia. The local outbreak of dengue fever was happened in 2014, accounted for 94.02％(849/903) of the total number of 10 years. From onset to diagnosis, Guangxi dengue fever cases need 0-70 d (median time interval is 6 d). Cases were reported year-round, but the peak season for the onset of dengue fever was from September to November, accounting for 96.46％of all cases (871/903). The number of cases reported in Nanning was the most (83.37％), followed by Wuzhou city (7.44％) and Guilin city (4.81％), and all the three cities had dengue fever outbreaks. The cases were mainly commercial service staff (27.80％) and houseworkers and unemployed people (18.16％). Results of aedes monitoring showed that the density of aedes was high in Guangxi. In more than 50％ of the monitoring seasons the breteau index (BI) stayed greater than 20. However, the antibody positive rate was only 3％ in the healthy residents of Guangxi. Conclusion The risk of dengue fever is high in Guangxi. Therefore, it is essential to emphasizing idea of prevention and control, strengthening immigration surveillance, improving diagnosis ability, enhancing public health education, and expanding monitoring range.

OBJECTIVETo observe the dynamic immunity of the porcine cancellous bone scaffold(PCBS) after transplantation and provide experimental evidences for amending and clinical use.

METHODSThe PCBS was gained through physical and chemical disposals to porcine cancellous bone and was implanted subcutaneously in rabbit. The histological investigation and the expression of Th1 (such as IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (such as IL-4, IL-10) mRNA were measured by HE, RT-PCR respectively in 1,2,4,8,12 week postoperation.

RESULTSHE revealed: Inflammation cells (lymphocytes and monocytes) were shown abundantly in the surrounding tissue in 1 week and were decreased gradually since 2 week. At 12 week, there were few inflammation cells in the surrounding tissue. RT-PCR revealed: The mRNA expression level of Th1 cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-gamma was high in 1 week and began to fall since 2 week. At 12 week, the mRNA expression level of Th1 cytokines was low; The mRNA expression level of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10 was low in 1 week, rose gradually since 2 week and reached tiptop in 8 week. At 12 week, the mRNA of Th2 cytokines maintained high level expression.

CONCLUSIONSThe porcine cancellous bone scaffold excitate immunoreaction was transitory inflammation after implantation.

Animals ; Bone Transplantation ; immunology ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Swine ; Th1 Cells ; metabolism ; Th2 Cells ; metabolism ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between methylation status of APC gene in both peripheral blood and tumor tissues and clinical-pathology characteristics in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC), and to study the dynamic change of APC methylation in peripheral blood in the perioperative period.

METHODSReal-time MSP technique was used to detect methylation status of APC in tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues and peripheral blood on the day before the surgery, intraoperative, postoperative day 7 in 76 cases with ESCC. Sixty healthy volunteers matched by age and gender were randomly selected as controls.

RESULTSThe methylation rate of APC in tumor tissue and peripheral blood was 44.74%(34/76) and 42.11%(32/76), respectively, which were significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissue and controls [6.58%(5/76) and 1.67%(1/60), P=0.000]. The methylation rates showed good agreement between tumor tissues and peripheral blood, which could be verified by ROC curve(A Zeta=0.849, P=0.000). APC methylation rate was significantly related to pathological staging, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and invasion of nerve and vessel (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that family history of cancer was independently associated with APC methylation in peripheral blood(P<0.05). DNA methylation rates in peripheral blood showed an initial increase and then decreased in the preoperative period, intraoperative and postoperative.

CONCLUSIONThe methylation rates of APC among free DNA in peripheral blood in patients with ESCC reflect tumor progression, and decrease with the solid tumour resection.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Methylation ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis or bone loss in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by Bugu capsules.Methods Sixty-six patients with SLE were randomly divided into A and B groups:34 patients in Group A were treated by glucocorticoid and Bugu capsules,and 32 patients in Group B by glucocorticoid alone.All patients were measured for bone mineral density (BMD) in Wards triangle,and for related biochemical parameters such as serum calcium, phosphonium,alkaline phosphatase,parathyroid hormone (PTH) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) before and after the treatment.As the control group,thirty healthy subjects were measured for the above parameters.Results There was significant difference in the serum level of IL-6,calcium and PTH between the Group B and con- trol group (P＜0.01).The occurrence rate of osteoporosis or bone loss in group A was significant lower than that in group B [2/34 (5.88%) vs 9/32 (28.13%),P=0.0364].Conclusion Bugu capsules can prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis or bone loss in SLE patients,possibly by restoring the balance among serum IL-6,calcium and PTH.

Objective To analyse the diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion. Methods The clinical data of 66 cases of testicular torsion were retrospectively analysed. Results Among the 66 cases,32(48.5%) paid the first medical visit within 10 h,and 24(36.4%)were confirmed diagnosis at the first visit.False negative results occurred with color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI),and 8 testicles were damaged due to the false negative diagnosis.Thirty-three patients without prophylactic contralateral orchidopexy were followed up for 6 months to 20 years,and one experienced recurrent torsion. Conclusion The testicular torsion must be considered when a sudden acute scrotum pain is occurred.Testicular damage is closely related to the torsion time,and delayed medical intervention contributes to the testicular damage.Highly suspected cases should be performed surgical exploration timely due to the false negative results with CDFI.Prophylactic contralateral orchidopexy is recommended.

OBJECTIVE: To observe ultrastructure changes of electrical injury in rats. METHODS: An experimental model of rats suffered from the low voltage were designed. Ultrastructure changes of electrical injured tissues were observed under transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: (1) Plasma of epithelium was concreted in the affected areas and inner membrane system was broken. (2) Hypercontraction bands were observed in skeleton muscles. (3) There was dissolved necrosis and hypercontraction bands in the myocardium. (4) Vacuoles were found in plasma of endothelium of blood vessels on electrical current path, and myelin sheath of nerve fiber were loosed. CONCLUSION The above mentioned ultrastructure changes could be used as assistant diagnostic index of electrocution. The mechanism of the changes were discussed.
Animals ; Electric Injuries/pathology* ; Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure* ; Nerve Fibers/ultrastructure* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDMutations in PAX6 gene have been shown to be the genetic cause of aniridia, which is a severe panocular eye disease characterised by iris hypoplasia. However, there is no study to do genetic analysis of aniridia, although there are several case reports in China. Here, we describe a mutation analysis of PAX6 in a large Chinese family with aniridia.

METHODSGenomic DNA from venous blood samples was prepared. Haplotype analysis was performed with two genetic markers (D11S904 and D11S935). Fourteen exons of the PAX6 gene were amplified from genomic DNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of each exon were analysed by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). The PCR products having an abnormal pattern were sequenced to confirm the mutation.

RESULTSSignificant evidence for allele sharing in affected patients was detected suggesting that PAX6 mutation links to aniridia in this family. An extra band corresponding to exon 9 in PAX6 was found by single strand conformational polymorphism analysis in all the aniridia patients in this family, but not detected in the unaffected members. A mutation of C to T was detected by sequencing at the nucleotide 1080 that converts the Arg codon (CGA) to the termination codon (TGA).

CONCLUSIONSAniridia is caused by a nonsense mutation of PAX6 gene in the large Chinese kindred. Genetic test is important to prevent the transmission of aniridia to their offsprings in the kindred by prenatal diagnosis.

Aniridia ; genetics ; Eye Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; PAX6 Transcription Factor ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; Pedigree ; Repressor Proteins ; genetics