Valeriana jatamansi (syn. V. wallichii), a traditional Chinese medicine recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia (1977 and 2010 edition), has been used for treatment of a variety of conditions including sleep problems, obesity, nervous disorders, epilepsy, insanity, snake poisoning, eye trouble, and skin diseases. Also, it was used as an important substitute for the European V. officinalis, whose root preparation, popularly known as valerian, has been employed as a mild sedative for a long time. In recent years, much attention has been draw to the iridoids, one of the major bioactive constituents of V. jatamansi, leading to the discovery of a series of new iridoids with anti-tumor and neuroprotective activities. Their action machnism also has been discussed. This paper summerized the iridoids and their bioactivities from V. jatamansi in recent years, which could provide basic foundation for development and research of V. jatamansi.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Valerian ; chemistry

AIM: To explore curative effect of different drugs in treatment of senile wet macular degeneration.METHODS: We selected 98 patients 98 eyes with senile wet macular degeneration from July 2014 to January 2016 in our hospital as the research subjects.They were divided into control group and research group as the administration sequence, 49 patients in each group.Research group was treated with ranibizumab.The control group was treated with Conbercept.Both once per month and for 3mo.RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity, central macular retinal thickness and area of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leakage before treatment of the two groups were not statistically different (P>0.05).At 1, 3 and 6mo after treatment, the uncorrected visual acuity was improved significantly, the central macular retinal thickness decreased significantly, and the area of CNV leakage decreased significantly (P<0.05).The differences on uncorrected visual acuity at 1mo after treatment, central macular retinal thickness and area of CNV were statistically significant (P<0.05), while those indexes at 3 and 6mo after treatment was not significant (P>0.05).In the follow up period, there was no severe complications in the two groups, such as persistent high intraocular pressure, retinal detachment or tear, endophthalmitis, or other systemic complications.There were subconjunctival hemorrhage in 10 eyes in research group, 8 eyes in control group, all of which recovered within 15d after treatment.Transient elevated intraocular pressure occurred in 7 eyes in research group, in 9 eyes in control group.The complication rates of the two groups were not significant (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: In the clinical treatment of senile patients with wet macular degeneration, treatment effect of Conbercept is not obvious at the early stage, but the effect is equivalent later and more economical.

Objective The study was conducted to investigate the acute phase of convulsion related problem on the clinical manifestations,imaging and electroencephalograph (EEG) examination of purulent meningitis.Methods Cluster sampling method was employed to select children in our hospital,a total of 301 cases with purulent meningitis was analyzed retrospectively.Among them,62 cases had convulsion.The incidence of convulsion in the acute phase of the purulent meningitis,risk factors,and prognosis were analyzed.Results The convulsion incidence rate of acute purulent meningitis was 20.60％.The partial seizure was eight cases (12.90％).The secondarily generalized seizure following partial seizure was 15 cases (24.19％).The generalized seizure was 32 cases (51.61％).The convulsive status was 7 cases (11.29％).The EEG abnormality was significantly different between the convulsion group and the no convulsion group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of brain organic damage was significantly different between two groups (P ＜0.05).The multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed,cause of disease,first symptom,disturbance of consciousness,obvious signs,and cerebrospinal fluid culture with convulsion were the relevant factors (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The most common seizure of purulent meningitis was the generalized seizure.Brain organic damage easily resulted in convulsion of purulent meningitis.The days of hospitalization,cause of disease,first symptom,disturbance of consciousness,obvious signs,and cerebrospinal fluid culture with convulsion were the positively relevant factors.Those positively relevant factors in combination of the clinical manifestations,imaging,and EEG examination in children would play an important role in diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of convulsion derived from purulent meningitis.Moreover,convulsion affects the disease recovery in children with purulent meningitis.

Objective To analyze the potential etiologies and risk factors of childhood stroke. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 159 children who were admitted from Jan.2006 to Jan.2014. Results The 159 children were composed of 100 boys and 59 girls , with median onset age of 1.8 years (ranged from 1 day to 12 years old) and median peak age of 0.9 years (ranged from 3 months to 2.8 years old). Their initial symptoms included limb hemiplegia,language dififculties and convulsion. The common causes included infections found in 46 cases (central nervous system infection in 32 cases, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infection in 14 case), head injury in 42 cases, vitamin K deifciency in 29 cases, Moyamoya disease in 8 cases, heart diseases in 11 cases, spontaneous hemorrhage in 11 cases and 12 cases of unknown reason. Infectious diseases were the most common cause of children acute ischemic stroke in toddler period;and vitamin K1 deifciency were the most common cause of children hemorrhage stroke in infancy. The most common region of infarction is basal ganglia and middle cerebral artery in neuronal imaging. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 1.4 days. The median time of inhospital was 28 days. The median apex time was 4.3 days. Conclusions Among 159 cases, acute ischemic stroke is much more common than hemorrhagic stroke in children stroke, and the major risk factors are infections and head injury;Vitamin K1 deifciency is a major risk factor in infants with hemorrhagic stroke.

Objective To study the clinical features of the variants of benign childhood epilepsy with central temporal spikes (BECT).Methods The clinical data of 12 hospitalized pediatric patients with BECT from Jan 2007 to Jan 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 7 boys and 5 girls in 12 patients. The age of onset was from 3 to 9 years old. Two cases were dizygotic twins. The atypical symptoms included atypical absence of 10 cases, negative myoclonic seizure of 8 cases, speech expression disorders and oral-pharynx apraxia of 4 cases. The electroencephalography (EEG) of all 12 patients showed abundance of spike and waves (SW) in rolandic areas during wake-up and sleep. The SW index was 50%-85% during slow sleep in all patients.Conclusions The variants of BECT are often associated with EEG deterioration. Understanding the clinical featuress and EEG characteristics can help the diagnosis of BECT variants.

Objective To explore clinicopathological features and prognosis of juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT).Methods Patients were divided into JGCT group (n=10) and the adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) group (n=10).The tumor samples were examined by HE and immunohistochemical methods.Results Age of JGCT group ranged from 7-31 years (average 20.5 years);90% occurred before 30 years old.Diameter of the tumors ranged from 5.5 cm to 15.0 cm,average 9.8 cm.Characteristic features included nodular arrangement,irregular formation of follicles containing muein and luteinization, atypical hyperplasia of ceils and high mitotic activity.Nuclei grooved and Call-Exner bodies were absent or rare.Survival rate was 90% in 5 years.Age of AGCT group ranged from 14-74 years (average 45.1 years);AGCT occurred mostly in over 40 years old.Atypical hyperplasia of cell,mitotic activity and luteinization were absent or rare.Nuclei grooved and eall-Exner bodies were common.Survival rate was 100% in 5 years.Immunohistochemical staining were positive for p53 at 70%,PCNA at 90% in 10 cases of JGCT and p53 at 10%,PCNA at 20% in 10 cases of AGCT(P

Objective To study the function and mechanism of GIT1(G protein coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1)in osteoblast migration.Methods GIT1 and ERK1/2(Extracellular Signal-regulated ki- nase 1/2)were detected in mice primary osteoblasts.The localizations of GIT1 and ERK1/2 were determined by immunofluorescence stain with or without PDGF(platelet-derived grnwth factor)stimulation.The association of GIT1 anti ERK1/2 was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation and western blot.After stimulation,the co-localization of GIT1 and pERK1/2 in osteoblasts was detected by double-immunnfluorescence stain.The pERK1/2 localization was detected by immunofluorescence stain after GIT1RNAh adenovirus infection of osteoblasts.The role of this associa- tion was determined by wound healing assay.Results The co-immunoprecipitation results showed that GIT1 in- teracted with ERK1/2 in osteoblasts induced by PDGF and this association occurred in focal adhesions.GIT1 RNAh adenovirus significantly inhibited the pERK1/2 translocation to focal adhesions and osteoblast migration induced by PDGF.Conclusion GIT1 associates with ERK1/2 in osteoblasts,which is required for pERK1/2 translocation to focal adhesions and osteoblast migration.

OBJECTIVETo express and purify the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 mature peptide (rhBMP-2m) in prokaryotic system and to develop highly-specific monoclonal antibodies.

METHODSAn engineered E. coli strain expressing rhBMP-2m was fermented. The bacterial cells were firstly lysed and then the rhBMP-2m inclusion bodies were isolated by centrifugation. After the inclusion bodies had been solubilized by high-concentration denaturing agents, denatured rhBMP-2m was purified by cation ion-exchange chromatography. Biologically active rhBMP-2m was obtained by refolding of purified denatured rhBMP-2m through direct dilution. The refolded rhBMP-2m was used to immunize Balb/c mice to develop anti-rhBMP-2m monoclonal antibodies using classic hybridoma technique.

RESULTSrhBMP-2m with a purity greater than 95% was obtained on reduced SDS-PAGE. The refolded rhBMP-2m was measured to be bioactive by the induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Two hybridoma cell lines that stably secreted anti-rhBMP-2m antibody were developed from the immunized mice.

CONCLUSIONBioactive rhBMP-2m protein and its monoclonal antibodies were successfully prepared, which will provides a solid base for future studies on rhBMP-2.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; complications ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Powders

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical characteristic of the multiple-ligament injured knee and evaluate the protocol, technique and outcome of treatment for the multiple-ligament injured knee.

METHODSFrom October 2001 to March 2005, 9 knees with combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears in 9 patients were identified with clinical and arthroscopic examinations. Of them, 5 knees were combined with ruptures of posteromedial corner (PMC) and medial collateral ligament (MCL), 4 with disruptions of posterolateral corner (PLC), 2 with popliteal vascular injuries and 1 with peroneal nerve injuries. Six patients were hospitalized in acute phase of trauma, 2 received repairs of popliteal artery and 4 had repairs of PMC and MCL. Reconstructions of ACL and PCL with autografts under arthroscope were performed in all patients at 4 to 10 weeks after trauma, including reconstruction of PLC with the posterior half of biceps femoris tendon tenodesis in 4 patients and reconstructions of PMC and MCL with femoral fascia in 1 patient.

RESULTSNo severe complications occurred at early stage after operation in the 9 patients. All of them were followed-up for 10-39 months with an average of 23.00 months+/-9.46 months. Lysholm score was 70-95 with an average of 85.00+/-8.29. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was from severely abnormal (Grade D) in 9 knees at initial examination to normal (Grade A) in 2 knees, nearly normal (Grade B) in 6 knees and abnormal in 1 knee at the last follow-up. Of the 9 patients, 7 returned to the same activity level before injury and 2 were under the level.

CONCLUSIONSThe multiple-ligament injured knee with severe instability is usually combined with other important structure damages. Therefore, careful assessment and treatment of the combined injuries are essential. Reconstructions of ACL and PCL under arthroscope, combined with repairs or reconstructions of the extraarticular ligaments simultaneously or in stages, have advantage of minimal trauma in surgery and satisfactory outcome.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Male ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; Range of Motion, Articular