Adult ; Carcinoma ; virology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; virology ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Middle Aged ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; virology

Objective To establish a method for the microbial limit test of zinc oxide and talcum powder lotion in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.Methods Microbial enumeration test and specified microorganisms test with instructions were conducted from Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015,which involved 10 batches zinc oxide and talcum powder lotion and five species of bacteria in all.The samples were treated by centrifugation and membrane filtration.Microbial enumeration test:the total number of aerobic bacteria using TSA medium to examine,strains were Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus subtilis,Candida albicans,and Aspergillus niger;The total number of molds and yeasts using SDA culture medium to examine,strains were Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.Each strain was divided into two groups:Adding bacteria test group and bacteria control group.Samplecontrol group and negative control group of each culture medium was prepared respectively.Count the colonies and calculate the rate of recovery.Specified microorganisms test:Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were applicated and set the bacteria validation group,sample control group,and negative control group.The culture medium of each group was crossed on the corresponding medium plate,and Microflex LT mass spectrometer was used to identify the bacteria.Results The recoveries of all kinds of strains in microbial enumeration test,total yeast and mold count were 0.75-1.16 in all batches.In the validations of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,all kinds of strains were respectively detected in bacteria validation group,and there were no bacterial growth in sample control group and negative control group.Conclusion The microbiological examination methods for zinc oxide and talcum powder lotion can meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015.

Objective To observe the effect of every-other-day fasting(EODF)on pathology and functional recovery of rats with spinal cord clip-compression injury,and to explore the related mechanism. Methods A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups A(sham operation),B(sham operation and EODF),C(spinal cord injury)and D(spinal cord injury and EODF)with nine rats in each group.The spinal cord injury rat model in T10was established by using medical aneurysm clip in latter two groups.The motor func-tion was assessed by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB)score one day before and one day,two,four,six,eight,ten, twelve weeks after operation;and toluidine blue staining was performed for pathological observation at twelve weeks after operation.Another 180 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned in same way.The level of tu-mor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-10(IL-10)were detected with ELISA six hours,twelve hours,one day,three days and seven days after operation. Results The BBB score reached lowest on the first day in groups C and D(P<0.05),and gradually increased with time,and were higher in group D than in group C eight weeks,ten weeks and twelve weeks after operation(P<0.05). The pathology in spinal cord was less in group D than in group C.Compared with group A,the level of serum TNF-α increased twelve hours after operation(P<0.05),peaked one day after operation,and returned back seven days after operation;the level of serum IL-10 increased at each time point after operation(P<0.05).Compared with group C,the level of serum TNF-α was lower in group D one day after operation(P<0.05);the level of se-rum IL-10 was not significantly different at each time point after operation(P>0.05). Conclusion Long-term EODF can promote the hind limb motor recovery in rats with spinal cord clip-compression inju-ry,and alleviate pathological damage.EODF might inhibit acute inflammatory reaction at acute stage of spinal cord injury,which may be correlated with its neuroprotective effect.

OBJECTIVETo study the safety and immunogenicity of the Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine produced by Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd.

METHODSSamples were selected from first year students of a senior high school (adults group) and first to fifth grade 1-5 students of 3 primary schools (children group). Those who were susceptible to both hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), HAV only or HBV only were assigned to group AB, A and B respectively and were vaccinated with three doses (0, 1 and 6 month schedule) of Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine and recombined hepatitis B vaccine respectively. The dosage for adult group was 500 U hepatitis A antigen and/or 10 micro g hepatitis B surface antigen and the dosage for children group was half the dosage of adult group. The potential adverse effects were observed within 72 hours after vaccination. Serum samples were collected for testing anti-HAV and anti-HBs at month 2 and 7 after the initial dose.

RESULTSThe rates of local adverse effects were 0.58% and 2.56% in children AB group and adults AB group and the general adverse effects rates were 9.88% and 5.45% respectively. Both local and general adverse effect rates were not significantly different to the control group. The sero-conversion rate of anti-HAV in children and adults AB group reached 100%, one month after 3 doses. The geometric mean titer (GMTs) reached 33,910 mIU/ml and 23,435 mIU/ml respectively, significant higher than that in control group (group A). The sero-conversion rates of anti-HBs were 97.30% and 96.63%, and GMTs were 103 mIU/ml and 102 mIU/ml in children and adults AB group respectively. No significant difference on sero-conversion and GMT was observed when compared with control group.

CONCLUSIONThe Bilive combined hepatitis A and B vaccine had good safety profile, and the immunogenicity both on anti-HAV and anti-HBs was similar to that of separated components.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis A ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Safety ; Vaccines, Combined ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment and ear diseases in old people and provide scientific data for drawing up the prevention and treatment strategies.

METHODSUsing the probability proportion to size (PPS) method, 1261 people over 60 years were investigated in 40 clusters in Jiangsu Province with the WHO protocol.

RESULTSThe prevalence of hearing impairment was 58.1% (the standardized rate: 59.5% in the whole country, 60.9% in Jiangsu province). Degrees of hearing impairment were mild (33.1%), moderate (17.8%), severe (5.9%) and profound (1.3%). The prevalence of hearing disability was 25.0% (the standardized rate: 26.6% in the whole country, 28.1% in Jiangsu province). There were significant difference of the prevalence between male and female, as well as urban and rural, and different ages. The prevalence of the ear diseases was auricle malformation (0.2%), wax (1.7%), otitis externa (0.1%), fungi (0.5%), serous otitis media (1.2%), chronic suppurative otitis media (1.6%), dry perforation of tympanic membrance (2.3%). The causes of hearing impairment were ear diseases (2.9%), non-infectious condition (92.6%), genetic condition (0.3%) and undetermined causes (4.2%). Of which, 31.1% of persons needed hearing aids while 2.3% of persons needed medicine treatment, but 0.9% of persons needed non-urgent surgery and 1.0% of persons needed other treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hearing impairment and disability in the old rised obviously than the last investigation in 1987. It was a heavy burden for social development in China. The government and the whole society should take more concern about the problem. The scientific strategies of prevention and treatment were urgently needed and implemented.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; China ; epidemiology ; Ear Diseases ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence

BACKGROUNDData on the epidemiology of hypertension in Chinese non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the non-dialysis CKD patients through a nationwide, multicenter study in China.

METHODSThe survey was performed in 61 tertiary hospitals in 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (except Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Trained physicians collected demographic and clinical data and measured blood pressure (BP) using a standardized protocol. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. BP < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg were used as the 2 thresholds of hypertension control. In multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for sex and age, we analyzed the association between CKD stages and uncontrolled hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients.

RESULTSThe analysis included 8927 non-dialysis CKD patients. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients were 67.3%, 85.8%, and 81.0%, respectively. Of hypertensive CKD patients, 33.1% and 14.1% had controlled BP to < 140/90 mmHg and < 130/80 mmHg, respectively. With successive CKD stages, the prevalence of hypertension in non-dialysis CKD patients increased, but the control of hypertension decreased (P < 0.001). When the threshold of BP < 130/80 mmHg was considered, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension in CKD 2, 3a, 3b, 4, and 5 stages increased 1.3, 1.4, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.0 times compared with CKD 1 stage, respectively (P < 0.05). Using the threshold of < 140/90 mmHg, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased in advanced stages (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of hypertension Chinese non-dialysis CKD patients was high, and the hypertension control was suboptimal. With successive CKD stages, the risk of uncontrolled hypertension increased.

Adult ; Aged ; Awareness ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; complications