OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) on coronary vasodilation by analysis of coronary angiography (CAG).

METHODSA consecutive cohort of 300 patients who underwent CAG between January 2013 and July 2013 were recruited and randomly assigned to 2 groups before operation. Patients in the SBP group sublingually took SBP, while those in the control group sublingually took placebos. All patients repeatedly underwent CAG 5 min after administration. The vascular diameter was calculated by quantitative angiography analysis method. The diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery was measured in patients whose coronary arteries had no stenosis. The narrowest vascular diameter was measured in patients whose coronary arteries had stenosis. The heart rate, blood pressure, and the vascular diameter were compared between before and after administration in the two groups.

RESULTSIn the two groups, there was no significant difference in changes of heart rate, systolic pressure, or diastolic pressure between before and after administration (all P > 0.05). There were 64 patients with normal CAG in the two groups, 30 in the control group and 34 in the SBP group. CAG showed there were 236 patients with stenotic coronary artery, 110 in the control group and 126 in the SBP group. The vascular diameter was obviously larger in patients in the SBP group with normal or abnormal CAG after administration (all P < 0.01). It was also obviously larger than that of the control group after administration (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSBP could dilate both normal coronary artery and lesioned coronary arteries, but did not lead to fastened heart rate and decreased blood pressure.

Blood Pressure ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Vessels ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Tablets ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) and the metastasis potential in human breast cancer. METHODS Breast cancer tissue sections from 75 patients, grouped according to the local lymph node status were examined immunohistochemically for protein level of DARC. Microvessel density (MVD) was counted by endothelial cells immunostained using anti-CD34 antibody.

RESULTSStrong positive DARC immunostaining in lymph node negative and positive groups was detected in 31 cases (81.6%) and 18 cases (48.6%), respectively (P < 0.01). MVD was (35.67 +/- 17.96)/HP and (53.38 +/- 20.29)/HP in DARC strong positive and less positive cases (P < 0.01). In those patients with lung, bone, hepatic distant metastasis (13 cases), 9 cases (69.2%) were DARC less positive, 4 cases (30.8%) were DARC strong positive. The correlation coefficient was -0.412 between DARC expression and MVD and the corresponding value was -0.346 between DARC expression and lymph node status and -0.333 between DARC expression and distant metastasis in breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONDARC may play a negative role in the process of neoangiogenesis, and probably has an association with the lymph node status.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Duffy Blood-Group System ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Survival Analysis

AIMTo investigate the influence of living high-training low for 4 weeks on serum CK, LDH and ALT of rowing athletes.

METHODS20 rowing athletes were divided into two groups: the one (ten subjects) spent 8-10 h per night in a tabernacle which was simulated altitude of 2 500 m in normobaric hypoxia (HiLo group), the another (ten subjects) slept at near sea level (control group). During the periods of test, all athletes were trained at the same relative or at the same intensity of work in normoxia state. The serum CK, LDH and ALT were measured at before, during 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 2 weeks after "living high and training low".

RESULTSBaseline serum values for CK, LDH and ALT were not different between two groups (P > 0.05). The levels of CK, LDH of HiLo group were significantly increased (P < 0.05) than those of control group at 3 rd week, however, it was contrary at 5th and 7th week. After exercise of 2 km and 5 km, the values of LDH and CK at a moment notice and 30min postexercise test in HiLo group were significant lower than those in control group.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that living high-training low may reduce the muscle damage associated with endurance exercise.

Adolescent ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Altitude ; Athletes ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Male ; Physical Education and Training ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between insulin resistance and methylation of insulin receptor (INSR) gene in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

METHODSBased on the HOMA index, 35 patients with PCOS were divided into insulin resistant group (IR group, n=18) and non-resistant group (NIR group, n=18). The patients age, serum estriol, testosterone, FSH and LH, fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose were compared between the two groups. The endometrial samples were obtained from the patients to examine DNA methylation status of INSR gene in the endometrial cells using methylation-specific PCR.

RESULTSThe BMI, WHR, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA index differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05). PCR analysis showed partial methylation in the promoter region of INSR gene in 13 samples in IR group and 11 samples in NIR group, without detection of full methylation of the INSR gene in either group. The methylation status showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.328).

CONCLUSIONPartial methylation of the INSR gene occurs in the endometria of PCOS patients, but this study does not provide a strong evidence supporting the relationship between insulin resistance and INSR gene methylation in women with PCOS.

Adult ; DNA Methylation ; Endometrium ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the effects and mechanisms of the mieroscrew implant anchorage (MIA) combined with multi-loop edgewise arch wire (MEAW) technique in the treatment of skeletal Class Ⅱ. Adult patients. Methods Eleven adult patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ high-angle maloeelusions were treated with fixed appliances. The spaces were closed by the springs from the MIA to the hook on the arehwire. The height of the hook and the direction of the force were different according to the intrusion and retraction of upper anterior teeth. In the finishing stage, MEAW technique and modified class Ⅱ elastics (from the first loop of MEAW to the MIA) were used for final detailing. Cephalometric analysis was used to evaluate the effect after treatment. Results After treatment, the decrease of SNA, ANB and FMA were ( 2. 86 ± 1.05 )° , ( 2. 82±0. 96 )° and ( 2.95 ± 1.35 )° , respectively. The torque control of upper anterior teeth was good. The protrusion of lower incisors and the molar extrusion were avoided. The upper molars were moved distally by ( 3. 00 ± 2. 19) nun. Conclusions The treatment of adult patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ high angle maloeelusions with MIA and MEAW technique could not only improve the facial esthetics but also avoided the common side effects of traditional Class Ⅱ elastics .

BACKGROUNDEndovascular stent-grafting is widely used to treat thoracic aortic dissection. However, little information is available regarding outcome following simultaneous exclusion of multiple tears. This report details eight years of experience using simultaneous multi-tear exclusion for treatment of Stanford type B thoracic aortic dissection resulting in successful aortic remodeling without adverse events.

METHODSFrom September 1998 to January 2006, 29 type B thoracic aortic dissection patients (24 men, 5 women; 27 chronic, 2 acute; mean age 58 years, range 45 - 77 years) were treated by simultaneous multi-tear exclusion in our center. Magnetic resonance angiography was used as the preoperative evaluation method. Different kinds of stent-grafts were used. The patients were followed up with contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomography at 6 months postoperatively and yearly thereafter.

RESULTSTwenty-nine surgeries were completed successfully using at least 2 stent-grafts per patient (range: 2 - 6, mean: 2.7). No major procedure-related complications, such as rupture, paraplegia, aortic branch ischemia or cerebral infarction, were observed. During follow-up, favorable remodeling of the aorta was observed.

CONCLUSIONSThe mid-term result of thoracic aortic dissection with simultaneous multi-tear exclusion was satisfactory. With the improvement of stent-grafts, simultaneous multi-tear exclusion should find wider application and become an optimal strategy for thoracic aortic dissection.

Aged ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; pathology ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; pathology ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the effect of specific immunotherapy and intranasal glucocorticoid on T help 17(Th17)cells and RORγt in peripheral blood in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods Forty patients with allergic rhinitis(group A)were divided randomly into two subgroups(group A1 and A2),and each subgroup had 20 patients.The patients in group A1 were treated with intranasal glucocorticoid(INGS)for one-year.The patients in group A2 were treated with special immunotherapy (SIT)for 4 weeks.Blood samples were respectively taken from 10 healthy individuals(group B),20 AR patients(group A1)before and after SIT with specific standardized allergen and 20 AR patients(group A2)before and after INGS.The ratio of Th17 cells in peripheral blood monouclear cells(PBMC)were analysed by flow cytometry.The expression of RORγt mRNA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the interleukin-23(IL-23),IL-17,IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The ratio of Th17 cells in PBMC and the expression of RORγt mRNA in group A[(18.97 ± 1.05)% and (0.604 ± 0.027)]were respectively higher than those in group B[(15.12 ± 1.09)% and(0.447 ±0.024)]and the difference reached statistical significance(t were respectively-10.056 and-17.986,each P＜0.01).The level of IL-6,IL-17 and IL-23 in group A were respectively higher than those in group B and the difference reached statistical significance(t were respectively-41.149,-17.618 and -26.824,all P＜0.01).The ratio of Th17 cells in PBMC,the expression of RORγt mRNA,the level of IL-6,IL-17 and IL-23 before INGS did not show significant difference from those of after INGS in group A1 (t were respectively 0.298,0.240,-1.136,0.283 and-1.670,all P＞0.05).The ratio of Th 17 cells in PBMC and the expression of RORγt mRNA were respectively(18.99 ± 1.14)% and(0.603 ± 0.027)before SIT and were respectively(16.30 ± 1.63)% and(0.429 ± 0.023)after SIT in group A2,and the difference reached statistical significance(t were respectively 6.035 and 22.015,all P＜0.01).The level of IL-6,IL-17 and IL-23 before SIT were lower respectively than those of after SIT in group A2 and the difference reached statistical significance(t were respectively 9.235,11.289,7.267,all P＜0.01).Conclusions The ratio of Th17 cells in PBMC,the expression of ROR-yt mRNA,the level of IL-6,IL-17 and IL-23 were up-regulated in patients with AR.The treatment of SIT could get the 5 items down and the treatment of INGS couldn't.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinicopathological correlation between CD4(+) T lymphocyte count and superficial lymphadenopathy HIV/AIDS patients.

METHODSA total of 1066 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this study. The incidence of superficial lymphadenopathy, peripheral blood CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts and histological features of superficial lymphadenopathy were analyzed.

RESULTSAmong 1066 patients, 126 cases (11.8%) presented with superficial lymphadenopathy. Of the 126 cases, there were 69 cases with CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts < 100/µl and clinical diagnoses including tuberculosis (37 cases), reactive hyperplasia (8 cases), AIDS-related lymphadenopathy (18 cases), penicillium diseases (12 cases), fungal infection (5 cases) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (1 case). Twenty-six cases had CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts between 100/µl to 200/µl and clinical diagnosis including tuberculosis (12 cases), reactive hyperplasia (8 cases), AIDS-related lymphadenopathy(6 cases), penicillium disease (2 cases) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (1 case). Twenty-nine cases had CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts > 200/µl and clinical diagnoses including tuberculosis (11 cases), reactive hyperplasia (12 cases), AIDS-related lymphadenopathy (3 cases), Penicillium diseases (1 case) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (4 cases). The CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts among patients with tuberculosis, AIDS-related lymphadenopathy and Penicillium diseases were significantly different (χ(2) = 8.861, P = 0.012). A significant correlation between the incidence of superficial lymphadenopathy and CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts was found (χ(2) = 375.41, P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSThe most common cause of superficial lymphadenopathy in HIV/AIDS patients is tuberculosis, followed by lymph node reactive hyperplasia, AIDS-related lymphadenopathy and Penicillium disease. Low CD4(+) T lymphocyte count correlates with an increased incidence of superficial lymphadenopathy and the risk of opportunity infection. Therefore, determination of peripheral blood CD4(+) T lymphocyte count should become an integral marker for the early diagnosis and treatment of superficial lymphadenopathy in HIV/AIDS patients.

AIDS-Related Complex ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Child ; Female ; HIV Infections ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis ; blood ; complications ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To study the pharmacokineties and bioequiva-lenee of two demostic cefprozil tablets.Methods Twenty healthy volun-teers were randomized into two groups,whose plasma concentrations of cis and trans isomers of eefprozil were determined at different time after single oral dose of 1 g cefprozil tablets by own control by HPLC method.The pharmacokinetic pammeters were computed and which were experi-enced variance analysis.Results Gis cefprozil:the main pharmaeoki-netic parameters of refe:rence and trial cefprozil tablets were as follows:t_(max) were(2.4±1.0),(2.3±0.8)h;C_(max) were(15.4±3.5),(14.8±2.8)μg·mL~(-1);t_(1/2) were(1.4±0.1),(1.4±0.1)h;MRT were (3.4±0.6),(3.4±0.6)h;AUC_(0-t) were(61.2±10.6),(60.3±11.4)μg·h·mL~(-1);AUC_(0-∞) were(64.7±11.2),(64.5±11.7)μg·h·mL~(-1),respectively.Trans cefprozil:the relative bioavailability of the trial preparation was(99.3±14.5)%.Trans cefprozil:the main pharmacokinetic parameters of reference and trial cefprozil tablets were as follows:t_(max) were(2.4±0.9),(2.4±0.9)h;C_(max) were(1.6±0.3),(1.5±0.3)μg·mL~(-1);t_(1/2) were(1.2±0.2),(1.5±0.6)h;MRT were(3.2±0.7),(3.2±0.7)h;AUC_(0-t) were(6.1±1.4),(5.6±1.3)μg·h·mL~(-1);AUC_(0-∞) were(6.1±1.4),(5.6±1.3)μg·h·mL~(-1),respectively.The relative bioavailability of the trial preparation was(94.0±17.5)%.Conclusion The results shows that the trial preparation and the reference prepara-tion of cefprozil were bioequivalent.

(R)-chlorprenaline, a selective activator of beta2 receptor and an effective drug for bronchitis and asthma, is industrially prepared from (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol. In this communication, we describe (1) the identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae B5 as an effective host for stereoselective reduction of 2'-chloroacetophenone to (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol; (2) the presence of ethanol enhances the conversion; and (3) the biochemical factors that effect the yield of the product. Among the four yeast strains capable of reduction 2'-chloroacetophenone to (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol we screened, Saccharomyces cerevisiae B5 showed the highest activity and stereoselectivity, and was used for the subsequent study. The effect of the presence of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, glucose, glycerol and lactic acid was first investigated, as it was previously reported that they increased the yield and stereoselectivity of the reaction. The addition of the co-substrate methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, glucose and glycerol favored the formation of the 2'-chloroacetophenone to (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol. Lactic acid inhibited the enzyme activity. Ethanol is the best co-substrate among the seven co-substrates and under the optimum concentration of 5% , the yield of (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol was increased from 17% to 74%. The oxidation of ethanol regenerates NADH required for the reduction. The effects of the reaction time, pH, cell concentration, substrate concentration and temperature on the reduction were investigated next. The enantiometric excess of (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol reached 100% under the optimal condition: pH8.0, 25 degrees C and 5% ethanol. The product yield went up with the increasing Saccharomyces cerevisiae B5 concentration and reached 100% when the cell dry weight was 10.75 mg/mL and 2'-chloroacetophenone was 6.47 mmol/L. The yield of (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol decreased sharply with the increase of substrate concentration, as the high concentration of substrates is toxic to the cell and inhibits the activity of reductases. The aerobic cultivation of the yeast and shaking during the reaction increased the yield of (R)-2'-chloro-1-phenyl-ethanol. The yeast can be reused up to 15 times. This research paves the way for economical preparation of chiral 2'-chloroacetophenone to R-2'-chloro-1-phenylethanol.
Ethanol ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; omega-Chloroacetophenone ; chemistry ; metabolism