Diabetic microangiopathy is one of the most common chronic diabetic complications,which is associated with the genetic predispositions and environmental factors.Well-controlled blood glucose alone can not reduce the morbility or prevent the process of diabetic microangiopathy.The therapy aiming at the pathogenesis is an urgent request.The various proteins related to the development and progression of diabetic microangiopathiy were reviewed,aiming at providing the potential target for early diagnosis and efficient therapy.

Objective To investigate the application of stroke volume variation (SVV) in directing management of elderly septic shock patients. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with elderly septic shock and supported with mechanical ventilation were in?cluded (n=28). They were divided into control group (n=13) and SVV group (n=15). Volume recovery was directed by CVP (central ve?nous pressure ) in control group and by SVV and CO (cardiac output) in SVV guoup respectively. Blood lactate, oxidation index, CVP , MVP, NT-proBNP, time of recovery, the length relying on mechanical ventilation and Vigileo parameters were compared after volume resuscition. During the period of treatment, the incidence of acute left ventricle dysfunction within 24 hours, MODS within 28 days and mortality rates of all causes were compared between these two groups. Changes in SVV, cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular re?sistance (SVR) in SVV group before and after resustation were recorded. Results Blood lactate acid and NT-proBNP were significant?ly lower in SVV group compared with those in control group whereas oxidation index in SVV group were significantly higher than that of control group. The time of resuscitation and the duration relying on mechanical ventilation were shorter in SVV group than those in control group. On the contrary, the incidence of acute left ventricle dysfunction,MODS and all mortality rates were not significantly different between these two groups. There were significant differences between hemodynamic variables such as SVV, CO in SVV group before and after resuscitation. Conclusion SVV may direct volume resuscitation more effective in elderly septic shock than CVP does.

96% and with the same bio-activity as unlabeled Huwen toxin-1; Radioactivity detected in epidural space was 38% of injected radioacti vity at 10 min after epidural injection, which demonstrated successful administr ation into epidural space; The maximum serum concentration after epidural or iv administration of [ 125 I]labeled Huwentoxin-1 were determined to be (0 70?0 04) MBq?L -1 and (4 98?0 58) MBq?L -1 , respectively, a t the maximum serum concentration times of 30 min and 2 min. Terminal T 1/2 after epidural or iv administration were (10 36?0 27) h or (11 03?1 16) h, respectively. Cls was (1 29?0 07) L?h -1 ?kg -1 or (1 25? 0 23) L?h -1 ?kg -1 , respectively. Bioavailability after epidural a dministration was(95?5)%. CONCLUSION Concentration-time cur ves of [ 125 I] labeled Huwentoxin-1 after two routes were different. The degradation profiles after epidural and iv injection supported the using of HWTX-1 as analgesic by epidural administration.

Objective To observe the expression of neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α3 (α3nAChR) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2),c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),p38 kinases of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y overexposed to fluoride,and try to investigate the molecular mechanism of cell damage caused by overexposure of fluoride.Methods The SH-SY5Y cell with low expression of α3nAChR suppressed by silence interference RNA served as α3nAChR silence group;the normal SH-SY5Y cell served as control group,and the effect of silencing of αt3nAChR gene in SHSY5Y was detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR;SH-SY5Y cell was treated with different concentrations of fluoride (0.000,0.005,0.050,0.500,1.000,2.500,5.000 mmol/L),the safe concentration of fluoride in SHSY5Y cell was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay;the SH-SY5Y cell of control group and α3nAChR silence group were treated with 4.000 mmol/L fluoride for 0,4,8,12,24,36,48 h according to the results of MTT assay;the expression of ERK1/2,JNK,p38 kinases of MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y at protein levels was measured by Western blotting.Results The expression of α3nAChR mRNA (0.04 ± 0.03) and protein (12.0 ± 2.5) in α3nAChR silence group was decreased significantly compared with those of control group (1.00 ± 0.11,100.0 ± 11.3,t =24.58,28.80,all P ＜ 0.05).The viability of SH-SY5Y cell treated with 5.000 mmol/L fluoride (0.53 ± 0.15) was decreased significantly compared with that of SH-SY5Y cell treated with 0.000 mmol/L fluoride (1.05 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05).The increased expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was found in α3nAChR silence group and control group incubated with fluoride with time prolonged,and the expression of phospho-ERK1/2 increased significantly at time points 24,36 and 48 h (188.33 ± 7.33,200.00 ± 10.01,213.33 ± 11.55;125.33 ± 5.69,136.00 ± 4.52,155.33 ± 6.51) compared to 0 h in the same groups (100.00 ± 0.00,100.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of phospho-ERK1/2 was higher significantly in α3nAChR silence group than those of control group (t =9.26,7.63,5.72,all P ＜ 0.05);no change of expression of total-ERK1/2 in the two groups was found with the passage of time.The gradually increased expression of phospho-JNK was found in α3nAChR silence group and control group,among which,the expression of phospho-JNK in o3nAChR silence group at time points 12,24,36 and 48 h (154.00 ± 6.25,149.00 ± 5.57,156.00 ± 6.08,141.67 ± 2.52) and in control group at 8,12,24,36,48 h (133.33 ± 10.69,173.00 ± 4.00,175.00 ± 11.79,200.67 ± 11.93,200.33 ± 18.58) was compared to those at 0 h in the same groups (100.00 ± 0.00,100.00 ± 0.00),and the difference was significant (all P ＜ 0.05);the higher expression of phospho-JNK was found in α3nAChR silence group other than control group at 8,12,24,36,48 h (t =-4.28,-5.02,-2.89,-8.33,-6.18,all P ＜ 0.05);no change of expression of total-JNK was found in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The increased expression of phospho-p38 was detected in control group at time points 24,36 and 48 h (120.33 ± 4.51,122.00 ± 7.55,119.67 ± 7.57) compared to 0 h in the same groups (100.00 ± 0.00,all P ＜ 0.05),and the expression of phospho-p38 was significantly higher than that in α3nAChR silence group at the same time points (93.33 ± 9.61,94.00 ± 5.01,98.33 ± 5.69,t =-4.01,-6.73,-5.59,all P ＜ 0.05);no change of expression of total-p38 was found in the two types of SH-SY5Y cells treated with fluoride (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion When SH-SY5Y cells are exposed to fluoride;activation of ERK1/2 may be not depend on α3nAChR;α3nAChR may have protected the cell from apoptotic injury caused by activation of JNK pathway,and the activation of p38 may be depend on nAChRα3.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotype 6 in Guangxi area.Methods Serum samples were collected from 150 patients with serologic HCV RNA positive in Guangxi, China. Reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)was employed to amplify HCV NS5B fragments and the DNA products were sequenced.The sequences obtained were compared with the sequences deposited in GenBank to construct a phylogenetic tree.Among the patients who accomplished 48-week treatment of interferon plus ribavirin and 24-week follow-up after stopping medication,10 cases were infected with genotype 6a and 28 cases with genotype 1 HCV.The virological responses were evaluated at week 4,week 12,week 24 of treatment and week 24 after the end of the treatment.Results Among all recruited 150 cases,21 (14.0%)cases were HCV genotype 6 including two subtypes 6a (n = 20 )and 6d (n = 1 ). Genotype 6 HCV mainly affected intravenous drug users, especially with age of ≤ 40 years old. Phylogenetic tree showed that there was very close evolutionary distance between HCV 6 strains of Guangxi and Hongkong,China strains (Y12083,DQ 480515)and Vietnam strain (EU246930).All of 10 HCV genotype 6a patients who completed 48 weeks of antiviral therapy achieved sustained virological response (SVR).The rate of SVR was higher than that of genotype 1 patients,but without statistically different significance (10/10 vs 75 .0%,P >0.05).Conclusion HCV genotype 6 in Guangxi area mainly affects young intravenous drug users with age of ≤ 40 years old,which has high homology with Hongkong,China and Vietnam standard strains.Patients with HCV 6 genotype infection treated with interferon plus ribavirin for 48 weeks usually achieve favorable SVR.

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is a special type of tumor,not only in the special location,but also in the biological characteristics and clinical manifestations are unique.Surgery is the main treatment,but surgery alone sometimes result in poor prognosis,as a new direction of cancer treatment,Molecular targeting therapy is playing an increasingly important role.Some molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor,hepatocyte growth factor receptor,epidermal growth factor receptor,fibroblast growth factor receptor 2,human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 in the treatment of esophageal gastric adenocarcinoma show a broad prospect.This review summarizes the current status and progress of molecular targeted therapy of adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction.

Objective:To present our initial experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) for complicated cases.Methods:Clinical and pathological data from 4 complicated prostate cancer cases,who underwent RALP from October to November in 2015,were analyzed retrospectively.All the cases were conducted transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate and hormonal therapy before RALP.Results:All surgeries were done successfully.The age,baseline prostatic special antigen,clinical tumor stage,operation time and estimated blood loss were 58-70 years,6.04-70.15 ng/mL,T2bT3b,210-360 min and 50-250 mL,respectively.No blood transfusion was needed.All surgical margin were negative.Conclusion:Although previous transurethral surgeries and hormonal therapies may increase the difficulty for operations,RALP is still appropriate for the complicated cases of prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Fas ligand (FasL) and fulminant hepatitis B in Han Chinese. Methods HBV infected subjects were enrolled in this case-control study, including 233 cases of inactive HBsAg carrier, 68 patients with fulminant hepatitis B,100 cases of spontaneous hepatitis B clearance, 102 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related cirrhosis and 112 patients with HBV related primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The blood samples and clinical data were collected. FasL-844T/C polymorphisms of enrolled subjects were examined by TaqMan real time fluorescent genotyping polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A adjusted odds ratios (OR)and 95% confidence intervals (CI)were calculated using the Logistic regression model. Results After adjusting the factors of gender and age, binary Logistic regression analyses indicated that the genotype frequencies of FasL-844 CC,CT,TT in inactive HBsAg carriers were 50. 64% ,39. 91% and 9. 44% respectively, and those in cases of fulminant hepatitis B were 79. 41%, 17. 65% and 2. 94%, respectively. The analysis also revealed that FasL-844CC genotype in inactive HBsAg carriers was high risk factor of developing fulminant hepatitis B (OR =4. 729,95%CI:0. 510 - 21. 282,P = 0. 043), while there were no statistic significances in other cases (P>0. 05). Conclusion The inactive HBsAg carriers harboring FasL-844CC may have greater susceptibility to fulminant hepatitis B, which need arouse high attention.

Objective To observe the interactions between a anti-interleukin-8 monoclonal antibody (anti-IL-8 mAb) carried targeted ultrasound contrast agents and the injured vascular endothelial cells,as well as to explore the role of IL-8 in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and a new assessing method of vascular endothelial functions.Methods The targeted ultrasound contrast agent was prepared by using a erosslinking agent to couple a anti-IL-8 mAb with SonoVue microbubbles.The interactions between SonoVue microbubbles/the targeted microbubbles and normal/injured endothelial cells were observed under an inverted microscope,respectively.The numbers of endothelial cells and adhered microbubbles were counted under high power magnification.The ratio of microbubbles to endothelial cells was calculated for the quantitative analysis of the interactions.Results In the control group,only a slight amount of original SonoVue microbubbles were bound to normal/injured endothelial cells.In contrast,it was visible under the microscope that the anti-IL-8 mAb carried SonoVue could be bound to endothelial cells,and the number of microbubbles bound to the surface of injured endothelial cells was significantly higher than that bound to the normal endothelial cells.Conclusions The anti-IL-8 mAb carried targeted ultrasound contrast agent could be readily bound to the surface of the injured cells specifically,and thus suggesting a new direction for ultrasonic detection of vascular endothelial injury and the ultrasonic assessment of vascular endothelial functions.

This study was aimed to discuss the influence of specific acupoint acupuncture therapy to the serum angiogenesis factor of high fat diet obese mouse models. Mice were randomly divided into the blank control group , acupuncture control group , model control group , and acupuncture treatment group . There were 6 mice in each group . Obese mouse models were induced after 15-week high fat diet . The specific acupoint acupunc-ture therapy was used as an intervention treatment method for 10 days . The enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say (ELISA) was used in the detection of serum insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor , leptin and the level of nitric oxide in mice . The results showed that the serum insulin , nitric oxide and leptin level in the obese mouse models were increased . However , there were no obvious changes on the vascular endothelial growth factor and soluble vascular endothelial growth fac-tor receptor level . The specific acupoint acupuncture therapy can obviously reduce the level of serum nitric ox-ide and leptin, and improve the content of vascular endothelial growth factor in obese mouse models. However, there were no influence on the level of blood glucose and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor . It was concluded that the specific acupoint acupuncture therapy method had preferable antiobesity action . Its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of angiogenesis .