Objective To investigate causes and effects of medial meniscus extrusion in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods A total of 120 patients diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis between January 2011 and March 2012 were enrolled in this study,including 60 patients with medial meniscal extrusion confirmed by MRI (extrusion group) and other 60 patients without medial meniscal extrusion (control group).The extrusion distance of medial meniscus and tibiofemoral angle were measured on MRI.The correlation between tibiofemoral angle and extrusion distance were analyzed.The incidences of genu varum,medial meniscus injury and cartilage lesion of medial tibiofemoral joint were compared between two groups.The effect of medial meniscal extrusion on meniscus injury and effect of genu varum on meniscal extrusion were analyzed.Results In extrusion group,the extrusion distances of medial menisci ranged from 3.76 to 11.6 mm (average,8.3±1.79 mm); all patients had genu varum,and the tibiofemoral angle ranged from 174°to 181°(average,179.0°±2.2°); the incidence of medial meniscus injury was 50.0％ (30/60) in the anterior horn,93.3％ (56/60) in the body,and 93.3％ (56/60) in the posterior horn; the incidence of medial meniscus tear in the root of the posterior horn was 23.3％ (14/60); the incidences of cartilage degeneration in medial tibial plateau and medial femoral condyle both were 100％ (60/60); a significant negative correlation was observed between dimension of tibiofemoral angle and extrusion distance of medial meniscus.In control group,the extrusion distances of medial menisci ranged from 0 to 2.61 mm (average,0.57±0.80 mm); four patients had genu varum,and the tibiofemoral angle in all patients was 180°; the incidence of medial meniscus injury was 0 in the anterior horn,16.7％ (10/60) in the body,and 70.0％ (42/60) in the posterior horn; no medial meniscus tear was found in the root of the posterior horn; the incidence of cartilage degeneration was 26.7％(16/60) in medial tibial plateau and 30.0％ (18/60) in medial femoral condyle.The odd ratio of meniscus injury and the number of genu varum (extrusion group/control group) was 6.0 and 15.0,respectively.Compared with the control group,the incidences and severities of medial meniscus injury and cartilage lesion of medial tibiofemoral joint were higher in extrusion group.Conclusion Genu varum may be one cause of medial meniscal extrusion.Medial meniscal extrusion increases incidence of medial meniscus injury and has a significant influence on generation and development of osteoarthritis in medial tibiofemoral joint.

PKS gene was screened by PCR from thirty strains of spone-associated bacteria including twenty-one actinomycetes isolated from Craniella anstrialiensis and nine bacillus isolated from Dysidea avara in the South China Sea.As a result,a 669 bp KS domain gene was successfully amplified from Bacillus C89.BLAST analysis showed that the KS domains were most closely related to the KS sequences of Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis str.168 with 96% similarity.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the KS domain belong to trans-AT KS domains.This study demonstrated the existence of PKS gene in bacteria associated with sponge Dysidea avara for the first time,and provided proof for the hypothesis that sponge-associated bacteria are perhaps the true producers of many novel bioactive compounds in sponge.Meanwhile,this study lays a basis for the microbial screening for polyketide compounds production.

I. Under scanning electron microscope, the vascular network of the cutaneous, subcutaneous, and deep fascia in planta can be divided into five layers according totheir vascular morphological characteristics. They are as following: the papillary layer, the subpapillary layer, the deep dermal layer, the subcutaneous layer, and the deep fascia layer. 2. The papillary layer is the most superficial one, it is easy to recognize that there are five types of capillary network: the single loop, the multiple loop, the tower-like type, the finger-like type, and irregular type. 3. The network in the subpapillary layer is polygon-like, parallel to the surface of skin. 4. In the deep dermal layer, there are many vascular balls in the vascular trunks. 5. The subcutaneous layer: The vascular networks are limited by fat lobules. 6. The vascular-trunks run across each other and anastomose each other in deep fascia layer.

Objective To investigate the effect of teaching mode innovation based on the tech-nology of digital orthopedic in orthopedic clinical teaching for eight-year program medical students. Methods 40 eight-year program medical students who took part in orthopedic clinical trainee in the 2015 school year were chosen and divided into two groups:traditional teaching group and digital tech-nology teaching group. The digital technology teaching group adopted a digital model of orthopedic technology, printing aids, use of auxiliary aids and simulate actual cases operative teaching while an-other group used traditional teaching. After the novitiate, questionnaire investigations were used to evaluate the effect of the orthopedic clinical teaching in both groups. At the same time an examination after the course was used to examine the teaching effect of the two groups, and SPSS 19.0 software was used to do chi-square test and t test to the result of the examination of both groups. Results Compared with the traditional teaching group students, the digital technology teaching group students more agreed with the new teaching mode for their interest in learning and hands-on ability bring positive influence (P<0.05), overall satisfaction of teaching method was significantly higher (P=0.03). The operation ex-amination result [(92.1±9.1) vs. (70.5±9.6)] and the comprehensive examination result (84.6±10.1) vs. (72.3±10.6)were more outstanding, the t test showed that the difference was statistically signifi-cant (P<0.05). Conclusion Teaching mode innovation based on the technology of digital orthopedic in eight-year program medical students has showed obvious advantages in orthopedic clinical teaching, which can stimulate students' interest in learning, improve the teaching effect and have broad applica-tion prospects in orthopedic clinical teaching.

Colon, Sigmoid/surgery* ; Colostomy ; Humans ; Ostomy ; Prolapse ; Surgical Stomas

This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of flavans from flex centrochinensis S. Y. Hu in vitro and their structure-activity relationship. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage was used as inflammatory model. MTT assay for cell availability, Griess reaction for nitric oxide (NO) production, the content of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE, were detected with ELISA kits; DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activities were also investigated. According to the result, all flavans tested exhibited anti-inflammatory effect in different levels. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NO, TNF-alpha, IL-lp and IL-6, of which 1 was the most effective inhibitor, however, 2 and 5 were relatively weak or inactive. The order of free radical scavenging activities was similar to that of anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, these results suggest that 3, 4 and 6, especially of 1, were,in part responsible for the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activity of Ilex centrochinensis. Hydroxyl group at 4'-position of B-ring plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging capacities.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Ilex ; chemistry ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

Objective To investigate surgical opportunity and suitable treatment approach in nodular Hashimoto's disease.Methods An analysis was performed in 388 pathologically confirmed cases with nodular Hashimoto's disease and other thyroid-related diseases.All the cases were involved with surgical treatment due to thyroid nodules from June,1995 to Dec,2005.Results Among the above-mentioned cases,64 cases (16.5%) were Hashimoto's disease with the presence of thyroid cancer,190 (48.9%) nodular thyroid tumor,94 (24.2%) thyroid adenoma,7 (1.8%) hyperthyroidism,the rest (8.5%) simple Hashimoto's disease.Prior to 2000, among 106 cases of Hashimoto's disease there were 15 cases accompanied by thyroid cancer.Since 2001,282 cases of Hashimoto's disease were dealt surgically,49 of which had thyroid cancer.Compared to the period from 1995 to 2000,the complication of Hashimoto's disease and thyroid cancer has been sharply increasing during the recent five years (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and correlative factors of suspected severe acute respiratory synd rome (SARS) cases, and finally, complete the diagnosis and treatment.MethodsTo analyze the clinical, laboratory data,chest radiog raph and treatment of 100 suspected SARS cases.ResultsAmong 100 suspected SARS cases,66 were diagnosed as SARS,4 were mycoplasma l pneumonia, 2 were pulmonary tuberculosis,the others were general bacteria pne umonia.Conclusions SARS hasn't characteristic clin ical manifestation.Because there is not a gold diagnosis standard up to now, the disinfection and isolation of suspected SARS cases should be treated as SARS c ases. In order to prevent missed and misdiagnosis, the diagnosis and treatment s hould be synthetically thought.

This study aims to explore the improvement and the mechanism of the Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn. (ApL) on chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). All animal experiments were followed the regulation of the Experimental Animal Ethical Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. CGN mouse model was established by a single tail-vein injection of doxorubicin (Dox) (20 mg·kg^-1). One week after Dox administration, the mice received water extract of ApL (85 and 255 mg·kg^-1) by gavage once a day for 14 days. At the end of experiment, the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), serum albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were detected, kidney histopathological H&E staining was analyzed. Active ingredients and action targets of ApL were collected from TCMSP database, and CGN-related targets were obtained from Genecards database. STRING platform was employed to perform protein-protein interaction (PPI), and Metascape platform was used for KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis. The results of experiments demonstrated that ApL (85 and 255 mg·kg^-1) could reduce the ACR and the content of SCr and BUN, and increase the content of ALB in mice. Network pharmacology results predicted that nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)-related pathway and biological process of oxidoreductase activity regulation may be involved in the ApL-provided amelioration on CGN. The verification results showed that ApL could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and the expression of inflammatory factors in mice, and reduce the activity of renal myeloperoxidase (MPO). Meanwhile, ApL promoted the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased the expression of its downstream gene mRNA, and reduced the level of renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and further elevated renal glutathione (GSH) level. Based on network pharmacology combined experiments, this study found that ApL may improve CGN in mice through multiple targets and multiple pathways, in which the inhibition of NF-κB signaling and the activation of Nrf2 signaling may be important mechanisms involved.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effect of Jiawu Mufangji Decoction (JMD) in treating rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and its mechanism.

METHODSAA model rats induced by Freund's complete adjuvant were treated with JMD by gastrogavage starting from 18 days after modeling. On the 39th day, body weight, spleen and thymus index, and swelling degree of paw of the AA rats were measured, pathological changes of the ankle joint tissue were observed using HE staining, and serum levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTSJMD could relieve the symptoms of AA rats, decrease the paw swelling, improve the weight and spleen and thymus index, reduce the dropsy of joints and lymphocytes infiltration, inhibit the proliferation of synovium, and obviously lower the serum levels of interleukin-1beta and TNF-alpha.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of JMD might be related to its action in down-regulating the serum levels of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha.

Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-1 ; blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism