Social capital is an invisible capital form that promotes the efficient allocation and utilization of resources.It plays an active role in the prevention and control of chronic diseases.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social capital on the three levels prevention of stroke by means of document retrieval.Social capital is associated with both morbidity and mortality of stroke.Social participation and social support at a high level can promote the rehabilitation of stroke patients,and have a beneficial effect on improving the quality of life and the ability of daily life.Social capital is correlated with stroke related behavioral factors,such as smoking,drinking,obesity,diet and physical activity.People with high social capital stock are more likely to choose healthy behavior patterns,thus reducing the risk of stroke.We should take full account of the social capital factors,and make more comprehensive and effective completion of the three levels of stroke prevention.

Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; therapy

Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy

Objective To study the effect of bromocriptine(BRC) on the activation of T lymphocyte stimulated by phytohemagglutinin(PHA).Methods After CD4+ T cell line Jurkat E6-1 cells were stimulated by PHA,prolactin(PRL) and BRC,respectively,the expression of linker for activation of T cells(LAT) and zeta-chain T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70 000(ZAP-70) mRNA of T lymphocytes were checked by RT-PCR.The expression of PRL mRNA of T lymphocytes was detected by Real time PCR.The expression of CD25(cluster of differentiation) as a marker of early activation on the surface of T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry,and the activation of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) was detected by luciferase reporter system.Results 1.BRC inhibited the expression of ZAP-70 as the common signal molecules both in the T lymphocyte activation pathway and PRL-prolactin-prolactin receptor(PRLR) signal transduction pathway,and decreased the expression of PRL mRNA produced by activation T lymphocytes.2.BRC enhanced the expression of LAT mRNA as another important signal molecular on the T lymphocytes and CD25 on the surface of the T lymphocytes.3.The activation of NF-?B of T lymphocytes was decreased.Conclusions BRC might inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes by inhibiting the expression of ZAP-70,the common signal molecules between T lymphocytes activation and PRL-PRL pathway,and PRL mRNA,the like-T lymphocyte growth factor.

The non-neuronal cholinergic system, widely exists in prokaryotic, eukarytic, and even plant cells, however, it has not been investigated in preadipocytes and adipocytes. To search for evidence its existence in preadipocytes and adipocytes, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α7 subunit, acetyicholinesterase (ACHE) and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The choline-regulated visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was also tested by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Incubation with methyilycaconitine (10-6 to 10-4mol/L) for 12, 24 and 36 hours dose-dependently increased visfatin expression from 1.3- to 1.55-folds (P <0.01) with maximal induction at 24 hours with 10-4mol/L methyllycaconitine. Nicotine treatments (10-6 to 10-4 mol/L) for 12, 24 and 36 hours decreased visfatin expression; choline chloride (10-4 mol/L))suppressed visfatin expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at 36 hours by 1.64 to 2.03 fold (P < 0.05) which was more effective as compared with nicotine. It was concluded that α7 nAChR was expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and involved in visfatin expression.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of health education on controlling of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis(referred to as endemic fluorosis) in Guizhou,and to provide a scientific basis for development of control strategies.Methods A total of 37 counties were selected in Guizhou province,and 3 townships were chosen in each project county.Heath educational activities were carried out in the classes of grade 5 in the Central Primary School of each selected township.In the meantime,3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health education for women of child-bearing age in the community was carried out.Survey on knowledge questionnaire of endemic fluorosis control was conducted among 30 students of grade 5 in the Central Primary School and 15 women of childbearing age of each selected township before and after the health educational activities.Results The knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control of pupils in all the 37 counties increased from 45.03％(14637/32505) to 89.79％(52898/58910),of women of child-bearing age increased from 38.97％ (5729/14700) to 76.55％(19198/25080) after the health education.ConclusionsThe knowing rate of endemic fluorosis control among pupils and women of child-bearing age is remarkably increased after implementing the health education projects.They have better life and health habits,and the project has reached desired goal.

Professional terms are the key points in the teaching of pharmaceutical English.By taking the strategies of comparing amphibious words,analyzing morphemes,emphasizing on phonetics,providing study material in real context and strengthening review,the teaching of pharmaceutical vocabulary can be efficiently performed and interest in learning stimulated.

3T3-LI preadipocytes were induced to differentiate and 3T3-L1 adipocyte or preadipocytes were incubated with oleate or palmitate overnight.RT-PCR was used to measure adiponectin receptor(AdipoR)1 and AdipoR2 mRNA levels.The results showed that the AdipoRl and AdipoR2 expressions were differentiation- dependent.Oleate only suppressed AdipoR mRNA expression in preadipocyte but not in adipocyte.However,high concentration of palmitate reduced AdipoR mRNA expression in both 3T3-LI preadipocyte and adipocyte.

Objective To explore the changes of S-100 protein(S-100) levels in blood in newborn rats with bilirubin encephalopathy.Methods The model was established by administered bilirubin intraperitoneally(200 mg/kg) in newborn rats.The blood and brains samples were taken from 8 rats at the sequential time points of 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h after the model established.Eight normal rats were used as the control.The dynamic changes of S-100 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and immunohistochemical technique.Results S-100 significantly increased in blood of bilirubin encephalopathy newborn rats compared with controls(P

Objective To analyze the cost of capsule endoscopy in diagnosing small bowel bleeding and to compare it with traditional diagnostic methods.Methods The patients suspected with small bowel bleeding were divided into group A(n=58,collected during 1998 to 2005)diagnosed with traditional processes and group B (n=93,collected during 2002 to January 2005)diagnosed with capsule endoscopy.The diagnostic yield,specific treatments,examination costs and other accumulated costs of two groups was compared.The examination cost ratio and the integration cost ratio were evaluated.The sensitivity analysis was performed.Results The diagnostic yield of small bowel bleeding in group A and group B were 22.4%(13/58) and 86%(80/93),respectively.The total of examination costs were 133 750 RMB and 790 500 RMB,respectively.The examination costs in group B(RMB 9881.3/each) was slightly lower than group A(RMB 10 288.5/each).Furthermore,as the diagnostic yield of group B was significantly higher than group A(P=0.001).The specific treatments based on the results of the diagnosis was 37.4% higher in group B(49.5%) than group A(12.1%).That means the cost of repeat- ed consultations,emergencies room visit,examinations,supporting treatments and hospitalizations in group B were significantly decreased.After the adjustment,the cost in group B(RMB 9881/patient) was lower than group A(16 361.5 RMB in one month—97 424.0 over 5 years/patient).The total cost of each patient in group A was 6480.2—87 542.7 RMB more than group B,which represented 1.7—9.9 folds increase.Conclusions The patients who suspected with small bowel bleeding and had a negative results of gastroscopy and colonoscopy were recommended to have capsule endoscopy which yields early diagnosis and less cost.