Objective To systematically evaluate the application of problem-based learning (PBL)in the teaching process of health management major in China.Methods Databases including CNKI (1979 to December the 2015),VIP (1989 to December the 2015),Wanfang (1982 to December the 2015) and PubMed were systematically retrieved.Any literature about PBL of health management major was included.Seffdeveloped data extraction form was used for collecting the information.Data were input and analyzed using Excel 2007.Results 15 papers were included in the analysis.The first author mainly came from the northeast region of China (7).Most (10) papers did not get the funding support.No paper was published in the journals contained in the Guide to the Core Journals of China.6 papers of experimental studies compared the performance difference of students of the PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL),which was statistically significant.Conclusion PBL is superior to the LBL.However,due to the large difference in the quality of literature,more studies were needed to determine the effect of PBL.Moreover,we should pay attention to the combination of PBL and LBL.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) on islet tissue in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods A hundred diabetic rat models induced by intraperitoneal injecting STZ were randomly devided into five groups: diabetic model control group, allicin (5,10 and 20 mg/kg) treated groups and metformin hydrochloride 200 mg/kg treated group. Another 20 same-aged rats were used as normal group. Each week before and after the drug was given, the levels of blood sugar and insulin were determined. Four weeks later, the histopathological changes in pancreatic tissue and islet cells apoptosis were observed, and the apoptosis index (AI) was analyzed; the level of T-AOC and the content of MDA in serum were determined; the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT in pancreatic tissue were also determined. Results Compared with the diabetic model control group, the levels of insulin in allicin 10, 20 mg/kg treated groups were significantly increased and the blood sugar level was significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) the pancreatic tissue histopathological changes and islet cells apoptosis were obviously improved, the AI was significantly decreased (P<0.01) the content of MDA in serum was significantly decreased; the activities of SOD and CAT in pancreatic tissue were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01). The level of T-AOC in allicin 20 mg/kg treated group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the activity of GSH-PX in pancreatic tissue was significantly increased (P< 0.05). Compared with Metformin hydrochloride 200 mg/kg treated group, the level of insulin in allicin 20 mg/kg treated groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the level of T-AOC in serum was significantly increased (P<0.05), the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT in pancreatic tissue were also significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Allicin could effectively improve insulin secretion, lower blood sugar, depress the pancreatic tissue histopathological changes and islet cells apoptosis, suggesting that allicin has dose-dependent protective effects on islet tissue in diabetic rats induced by STZ, which is perhaps related to its effects of improving antioxidant ability and inhibiting the oxidative stress.

To investigate the epidemic and evolutionary trends of enterovirus (EV) in the external environment of Yunnan Province, China, molecular typing was performed on 4 EV strains that were isolated from environmental sewage in Yunnan. The VP1 region of isolates was amplified by RT-PCR using universal enterovirus primers, and the amplified VP1 region was sequenced for GenBank BLAST search and genotype analysis. The 4 EV strains were identified as ECHO7. Their nucleotide and amino acid homologies with the VP1 sequences of 68 ECHO7 strains retrieved from GenBank were measured by Mega software analysis. Our findings showed that ECHO7 strains from environmental sewage and population samples were in different evolutionary branches. These strains showed typical geographical and temporal differences; In addition, there were different transmission chains at the same time and in the same area. ECHO7 strains isolated from sewage water and patients with acute flaccid paralysis during the same period in Yunnan belonged to different clusters and evolved at different speeds. Special concerns are needed for this problem. Continuous molecular biological surveillance of human EV in the external environment of Yunnan will provide strong support for early warning of EV diseases.
China ; Databases, Genetic ; Enterovirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Sequence Analysis ; Sewage ; virology

BACKGROUND:During total hip arthroplasty, placement angle of acetabular prosthesis is significant for clinical curative effects. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the abduction angle and anteversion angle of acetabular prosthesis at different positions during total hip arthroplasty and related influential factors. METHODS:Thirty-five patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty were included in this study, containing 21 males and 14 females, at the age of 51-75 years old. Thesame patient at different positions underwent X-ray examination, including standing anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging, standing lateral radiographic imaging and supine anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging. Abduction angle and anteversion angle of acetabular prosthesis were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Abduction angle and anteversion angle at standing positionwere bigger than that at supine position (48.47°, 45.89°; 12.44°, 6.17°;P< 0.05). (2) The change in anteversion angle wasassociated with pelvic incidenceangleand pelvic tiltangle. The change in abduction angle was associated with pelvic obliquity. (3) The range of abduction angle (40±10)° and anteversion angle (15±10)° of acetabular prosthesis was identified as securityzone. (4) Results suggested that there were changes in acetabular abduction angle and anteversion angle between supine anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging and standing anteroposterior pelvis radiographic imaging after total hip arthroplasty. Acetabular angle was associated with pelvic obliquity, pelvic incidence and pelvic tilt.

Objective To evaluate the significance of CT assessment for extraarticular anatomy in treatment of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures.Methods(1)Measurement of normal calcaneum 40 pieces of adult calcaneum specimen were measured,items of measurement included height of culmination of posterior facet and tuberosity,width of posterior edge of sustentaculum and tuberosity.(2)CT measurement of calcaneum.Transverse(axial)and coronal CT scanning were obtained from 20 feet with displaced intraarticular calcaneal and 20 normal feet as control.Following items were measured in CT scanning:the height of culmination of posterior facet and tuberosity,the coronal talocalcaneal angle,in coronal scanning,the width of posterior edge of sustentaculum and tuberosity,the axial calcaneocuboid angle,in axial scanning.Results(1)Measurement of height of calcaneum height of culmination of posterior facet and tuberosity of calcaneal specimen were(43.07?2.85)mm and(44.69?3.67)mm respectively,and these two items from CT scanning of normal feet were(42.84?1.66)mm,(43.40? 3.01)nun,and from CT scanning of feet with calcaneal fractures were(34.76?3.24)mm,(40.41? 3.69)mm.There was a statistically significant different between these two items for normal calcaneal specimen and for CT scanning of feet with ealcaneal fractures(P

The Rh blood group system is one of the most complex of the known human blood group polymorphisms, including above 45 blood group antigens. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular basis of Rh in the past 10 years. The bases of Rh inheritance, RH gene and its evolution, the structure and function of Rh complex, as well as nonerythroid Rh homolog, have been determined. Further improvements have been made in the technology of Rh genotyping. The review provides an update on the advance of Rh blood group to give information in the practice of forensic science.
Blood Group Antigens/genetics* ; Blood Proteins/immunology* ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Molecular Biology ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method which processes RHCE genotyping with PCR. METHODS: Using PCR-SSP to detect RHCE genotype in 200 cases of Han population in north of China and Li population in south of China and detecting 5 samples of parentage testing at the same time. RESULTS: The results of RHCE genotyping in individuals of two populations are completely accorded with the results of serology typing. And the distribution of RH genotypic frequency in Han population in north China is: RHCCEE 1, RHCCEe 3, RHCCee 88, RHCcEE 4, RHCcEe 20, RHCcee 54, RHccEE 1, RHccEe 22, RHccee; The distribution of RH genotypic frequency in Li populatin in south China is RHCCEE 2, RHCCEe 2, RHCCee 106, RHCcEE 7, RHCcEe 62, RHCcee 10, RHccEE 3, RHccEe 8. The results of RHCE genotype detecting of parentage testing samples are accorded with the results of associated identification of 13 STR loci. CONCLUSION PCR-SSP technology can exactly detect RHCE genotype in individuals of Han population in north China and Li population in south China.
Alleles ; Asian People/genetics* ; China/ethnology* ; DNA/blood* ; DNA Primers ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics*

Abstract: Objective　To analyze the detection of SARS‑CoV‑2 in household environment and public place environment of Huangpu District, and describe the feature of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination in the environment exposure to the infected cases, so as to support the control strategies such as disinfection and health communication. Methods　The results of RT-PCR test for the environmental samples exposure to the cases infected by SARS‑CoV‑2 during February 1 to March 31 2022 in Huangpu District of Shanghai were collected as the research data. Pearson χ2 was used to test the significance of the differences between positive rates of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination. Results　From February 1 to March 31, household environment samples had a higher positive rate (6.47%, 234/3 618) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination while the public place samples had a lower one (1.22%, 47/3 582) in Huangpu District of Shanghai (χ2=141.908, P<0.01). Among the household buildings, the lane houses of old style representing poorer living condition had the highest positive rates (8.31%, 96/1 155) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination while the apartments representing better living condition had the lowest (3.59%, 22/612) (F=5.25，P<0.05). Among the samples from household environment, samples regarding sewerage had the highest positive rates (13.30%,58/436) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination, while samples regarding the tool of cooking and sweeping had the lowest (3.10%,17/548) (F=9.84，P<0.01). Among the samples from public place environment, samples regarding entertainment tools had the highest positive rates (13.33%, 2/15) of SARS‑CoV‑2 contamination, while samples regarding the tool of cooking and sweeping had the lowest (0.62%, 4/646) (F=4.22，P<0.01). Conclusion　In the environment exposure to the SARS‑CoV‑2 infected cases, the disinfection, ventilation and cleaning should be intensified strictly. SARS‑CoV‑2's surviving in sewage environment should be evaluation dynamically. More health communication should be pushed to people of poorer living condition.

In 2012, the preparation process and quality standard for Guizhi Fuling capsule were improved. To compare the effects and differences of capsules before (2011) and after(2012-2014) the improvement, evaluation models for intrinsic dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation and hysteromyoma were applied in rats. Models were induced by oxytocin, liqiud bacteria mixture and estrogen loading, respectively. The capsules (12 batchs/year, 48 bathcs in all), sampled randomly in 2011-2014, the effects were assessed using the three models. In anti-dysmenorrhea models, remarked reduction of writhing frequency, ET-1 and PGF2α content in uterus could be detected, as well as extension of writhing latency. In pelvic inflammation rats, depression of TNF-α and raise of IL-2 were induced by earh batch of capsules. In hysteromyoma model, uterine weight and smooth muscle proliferation, including E2 and P level in plasma, were lowered obviously by all batchs of capsules. Secondly, Guizhi Fuling capsules produced in 2012-2014 revealed better effectiveness than the ones manufactured in 2011. Moreover, pharmacodynamics indexes of the samples made in 2011 differed significantly between groups, which could not be observed in the ones ot 2012-2014. After tne preparation process and quality standard improvement, the effectiveness and homogeneity of Guizhi Fuling capsules were enhanced.
Animals ; Capsules ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Depression ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dinoprost ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Quality Improvement ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and efficacy of compression anastomosis clip(CAC) for small bowel anastomosis.

METHODSForty gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups and received side-to-side Roux-en-Y small bowel anastomosis with CAC or stapler. The following parameters were recorded: small bowel anastomotic complication, first post-operation flatus and bowel movement, extrusion of clip device.

RESULTSNeither group had small bowel anastomotic complications such as leakage or obstruction. The clip was expelled with stool within 9-16 days. Two groups had the similar results in recovery of bowel function.

CONCLUSIONCAC is safe and simple for small bowel anastomosis.

Adenocarcinoma ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Gastroenterostomy ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nickel ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Titanium