Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of tumor associated gastrocolic fistula (GCF).Methods The records of the 4 patients with GCF between August 2008 to February 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Three female and one male patients,those whose average age were 61 years,have been pathologically diagnosed postoperatively as gastrocolic fistula caused by malignant diseases.The main clinical symptoms were diarrhea (3 cases),fecal vomitus (3 cases),weight loss (4 cases),and abdominal pain (4 cases).Positive diagnostic tests for GCF included gastroscope (3 cases),colonoscope (1 case),barium enema (1 case),upper gastrointestinal contrast (2 cases).Results En-bloc resection of the involved gastrocolic region have been performed for all,2 patients underwent radical gastrectomy and colon resection and 2 patients were taken on palliative procedure.Pathology indicated adenocarcinoma all,Immunohistochemical detection for CK20,CDX-2 were applied for identifying the originations of tumors.Delayed gastric emptying and DIC occurred in one patient who died in 3 months after the operation,anastomotic leakages were found in 2 cases.The survival patients were all discharged and taken capecitabine combined with Oxaliplatin for chemotherapy.Conclusions Endaoscopy and gastrointestinal imaging are main evidences for diagnosis of GCF.En-bloc resection of the involved gastrocolic region were recommended,enterostomy was safer than entero-anastomosis in one stage procedure.The originations of tumors may be identifying according to the pathological characteristic and CDX-2,CK20 staining.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be applied.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS) is defined as a special type of gastric cancer characterized by low incidence rates and high degree of malignance with an extremely poor prognosis.As it is characterized by morphological similarities to general alimentary cannal symptoms with unclear etiology and pathogenesis,diagnostic errors can always be made.The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) are helpful with diagnosis.However,histopathological examination is the gold standard for diagnosing HAS.So far,radical operation,adjuvant chemotherapy,interventional therapy with immune-biological treatment are the main approaches for HAS treatment.

Objective To analyze the related rules and prognosis analysis for lymphatic metastasis in patients for Siewert Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 65 patients who underwent radical surgery for Siewert Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction in Beijing Friendship Hospital between July 2013 and March 2017.The primary indicators were sex,age,tumor site,tumor size,macroscopic type,histological type,depth of invasion,operation,tumor emboli and carcinoma nodes.The clinical characteristics and pathological features were analyzed by using Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Follow-tup using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect patients' diseases and postoperative survival up to April 2017.Results Lymph node metastasis was observed in 41 of 65 patients (63.1％).Lymph node metastasis frequency was found in No.1,No.2,No.3,No.7,No.11 and No.110 lymph nodes.The incidences of those lymph node metastasis were 45.3％,32.5％,28.8％,22.5％,19.4％ and 8.2％.The metastasis rate of the tumors with diameter over 2 cm was higher than the tumors which were less than 2 cm (71.9％ vs 0;P =0.000);The observed rate of lymph node metastasis was 0,12.5％,69％,95.2％ in early cancer (T1) and advanced cancer (T2-T4) (P=0.000) respectively.The metastasis rate of highly differentiated Siewert Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction was 45.2％ lower than poorly differentiated tumors 79.4％ (P =0.009).Thirty-three cases were found with lymphatic embolus,28 of them (84.8％) were found to be combined with lymph node metastasis among them (P =0.001).All the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariable analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis revealed that neoplasms histologic type and lymphatic embolus were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of Siewert Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction.Sixty-five patients were followed up for 1-45 months,with a median time of 18.81 months.Although there was no statistically significant difference,3 years-overall survival rate showed tumor without lymph node metastasis has better prognosis than with lymph node metastasis and early stage tumor also has better prognosis than advanced tumor.Conclusions Lymph node metastasis of Siewert Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction is related with histological type of tumor and lymphatic embolus.For Siewert Ⅱ and Ⅲ adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction,the incidence of lymphatic metastasis were higher appear in abdominal cavity,which included No.1,No.2,No.3,No.7 and No.11;Meanwhile,the metastasis of mediastinal lymph node is given priority to No.110 lymph node.Therefore,radical total gastrectomy combined with standard D2 lymphadenectomy and No.110 lymphadenectomy are performed in order to improving the prognosis.For patients with lymph node metastasis and tumor in advanced stage,long-term prognosis remains to be further study.

The Z-drugs (zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon), as the innovative hypnotics, have an improvement over the traditional benzodiazepines in the management of insomnia. Z-drugs have significant hypnotic effects by reducing sleep latency and improving sleep quality, though duration of sleep may not be significantly increased. As benzodiazepines, Z-drugs exert their effects through increasing the transmission of γ-aminobutyric acid. Z-drugs overdose are less likely to be fatal, more likely would result in poisoning. Z-drugs can be detected in blood, urine, saliva, and other postmortem specimens through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Zolpidem and zaleplon exhibit significant postmortem redistribution. Z-drugs have improved pharmacokinetic profiles, but incidence of neuropsychiatric sequelae, poisoning, and death may prove to be similar to the other hypnotics. This review focuses on the pharmacology and toxicology of Z-drugs with respect to their adverse effect profile and toxicity and toxicology data in the field of forensic medicine.
Acetamides/poisoning* ; Azabicyclo Compounds/poisoning* ; Drug Overdose ; Forensic Medicine/trends* ; Forensic Toxicology/trends* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/poisoning* ; Piperazines/poisoning* ; Pyridines/poisoning* ; Pyrimidines/poisoning* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy* ; Zolpidem

Since Nature published the first report in 2002 on using immunodeficient mice as recipients and allogeneous or heterogeneous testes as donor tissues to study the ectopic development of spermatogenic cells, the technique has been widely applied in various species (including human). In comparison with other in vitro maturation methods for male germ cells, testicular allografting or xenografting technique has such advantages as similar environment for the development of germ cells in physiological conditions, and better reproducibility. Up to now, sperm has been successfully produced by this technique from the testicular tisues of the immature mouse, hamster, cat, rabbit, pig, goat, bovine and rhesus monkey, and their offspring have even been generated by ICSI technique using the mouse and rabbit sperm derived from testis grafts. This article comprehensively reviews the development of the technique by discussing the influencing factors on the germ cell development in grafts including the variety and age of donors, the sex, integrity and immunity of recipients, the graft location and grafting time. And the applications of the technique and the existing problems are discussed as well.
Animals ; Cats ; Cattle ; Cricetinae ; Goats ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Swine ; Testis ; transplantation ; Transplantation Immunology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Transplantation, Heterotopic ; Transplantation, Homologous

Objective: To summarize the distributing rule of TCM syndrome elements of common diseases by analyzing the literature of Depression,Chronic Hepatitis B,Chronic Renal Failure,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,Menopausal Syndrome.Methods: We selected eligible literatures,then established database with EpiData 3.0 software and computed the frequency of TCM syndrome elements with SPSS 12.0 software.Results: ①Liver,heart,spleen,lung and kidney are common TCM syndrome elements of location of disease.②Yin deficiency,yang deficiency,heat,qi stasis,qi deficiency,blood stasis,damp and phlegm are common TCM syndrome elements of nature of disease.③There are TCM syndrome types between 62 and 148,but the sum of frequency of leading syndrome types which includes disease information is mostly no more than 50%.There are TCM syndrome elements between 19 and 47,but the sum of frequency of leading syndrome elements which includes disease information is mostly above 80%.Conclusion: It is convenient to study TCM syndrome from the aspect of TCM syndrome elements,so we should thoroughly keep on studying TCM syndrome elements.

AIMTo explore the modulation of 5-HT on GABA-activated current (I(GABA)) in the membrane of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and its mechanism.

METHODSRat DRG neurons were isolated mechanically and enzymatically, on which whole-cell patch clamp recording and repatch technique for intracellular dialysis were performed.

RESULTSIn the majority of neurons examined (92.0%, 69/75) GABA induced a concentration-dependent inward current. In neurons sensitive to GABA preapplication of 5-HT produced potentiation effect (82.6% , 57/69) on I(GABA). Preapplication of 5-HT at concentrations of 1 x 10(-6), 1 x 10(-5), 1 x 10(-4) and 1 x 10(-3) mol x L(-1) potentiated I(GABA) by (35 +/- 8)% (n=8), (47 +/- 11)% (n=10), (65 +/- 17)% (n=9) and (75 +/- 18)% (n=11), respectively. This effect was mimicked by alpha-methyl-5-HT (1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1)), a specific 5-HT2 receptor agonist, and reversed by cyproheptadine, a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. The potentiation of I(GABA) by 5-HT was irrespective to whether the I(5-HT) presents or not in a subset of neurons. The concentration-response curves for GABA before and after pretreatment with 5-HT manifested the same threshold value and similar EC50 (2.0 x 10(-5) and 1.9 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1), respectively) , while the maximal value of I(GABA) for the latter was 33.6% higher than that for the former. Intracellular dialysis with GDP-beta-S or H-7 abolished the potentiation of I(GABA) by 5-HT, while H-9 did not.

CONCLUSION5-HT can potentiate GABA-activated current via PKC-dependent phosphorylation of GABA(A) receptor following the activation of 5-HT2 receptor.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyproheptadine ; pharmacology ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal ; cytology ; physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; drug effects ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Kinase C ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Serotonin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo determine if miniprostheses would form a capsule of significantly different biophysical, biochemical and histologic properties than the conventional silicone implant.

METHODSFour miniprostheses (experimental group) and one big silicone implants (control 1 group) were separately implanted beneath the panniculus carnosus muscle of 30 rabbits. After 3 months, measures related to contracture and capsular histology were performed on anesthetized animals.

RESULTSBaker ranking, capsular incision width and capsular thickness of the control groups were evidently higher than that of experimental groups (P < 0.01). Implant compression of the control groups was evidently lower than that of the experimental group. Histology revealed a thinner, more flexed capsule around the miniprostheses as compared with big silicone implants.

CONCLUSIONSThe miniprostheses form a looser and thinner capsule than the conventional silicone implant.

Animals ; Breast Implantation ; adverse effects ; Breast Implants ; adverse effects ; Contracture ; pathology ; Female ; Postoperative Complications ; pathology ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo explore the use of triamcinolone acetonide for the prevention of implant capsular contracture.

METHODS20 rabbits were randomly undivided into 2 groups of 10 animals each. Every 10 ml silicone implant was implanted beneath the panniculus carnosus muscle of one rabbit. At the same time, a modified expander catheter was mounted on the implant. This catheter has many lateral holes and the end was blind. Triamcinolone acetonide (10 mg/3 ml) was infused through the expander pot and catheter as the experimental groups. On the other hand, 3 ml saline was used as the control group at 1, 2, and 3 months. At 6 months, measures related to contracture and capsular histology examinations were performed on anesthetized animals.

RESULTSBaker scores, capsular incision width and capsular thickness of the saline groups were evidently higher than that of triamcinolone acetonide groups (P < 0.01). Implant compression of the saline groups was evidently lower than that of triamcinolone acetonide group. Histology revealed a thinner capsules and less fibrous tissue deposition around the triamcinolone acetonide group, as compared with saline group.

CONCLUSIONSIt is effective to deliver triamcinolone acetonide to reduction of capsular contracture through the catheter and its pot.

Animals ; Breast Implantation ; adverse effects ; Contracture ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Rabbits ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; therapeutic use

Models, Statistical ; Propensity Score