The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)has been a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell research since 2006,and it made possible for the use of stem cells in treating retinal degenerative diseases.Research showed that fibroblast,B lymphocytes,neural stem cells,hair corneous cells,pancreatic cells,mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord stroma and amniotic membrane can be reprogrammed as iPSCs,and they are capable of differentiating into specific types of cells.Some novel developments in iPSCs study in ophthalmology also were observed over the past few years.Induced iPSCs can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelial cells,photoreceptors and other retinal cells,which lay a foundation for the therapy of retinal degenerative diseases.Differented from traditional treatment of stem cells,the generation of iPSCs makes it possible to utilize somatic cells derived from patients for stem cell therapy without provoking ethical and immunological problems.The generation of iPSCs,the current research about iPSCs in the ophthalmic field,the limitations of iPSCs in the clinic and their future development and application were reviewed.

Objective To analyze the data collected from surveillance sites in Shanxi province in epidemiological investigations during 2004 - 2008 and understand the influence of such factors as rat density and vectorial quantities on plague epidemic intensity, thus provide some scientific basis for plague control and prevention. Methods To collect the data of surveillance during 2004 - 2008 in the 12 counties of plague surveillance by retrospective method. Sort and analyze the collected data according to the requirement of operational scheme for plague surveillance-calculate the rat density of spermophilus dauricus, meriones meridianus and the small rodents, and the flea index and the flea infection ratio of body flea, burrow track, cave. The results of serological tests were analyzed at the same time. Results As showed in the results, the mean density of spermophilus dauricus was 1.12 merely in each hectare, and that of meriones meridianus and small rodents were 7.42%(2130/28 700) and 8.03%(3886/48 400), respectively. The flea infection rate of spermophilus dauricus and meriones meridianas were 25.78% ( 1933/7497 ) and 44.19% (2028/4598), respectively;the flea index of spermophilus dauricus and meriones meridianus were 0.59 and 1.84, respectively. The number of nests excavated with flea for spermophilus dauricus was 70, and the numbers of nests and flea were 362 and 333, respectively. The flea infection rate was 19.34 % (70/362), and the flea index was 0.92. The number of nests excavated with flea for meriones meridianus was 34, and the numbers of nests and flea were 177 and 124, respectively. The flea infection rate was 19.21%(34/177), and the flea index was 0.70. The number of caves explored for spermophilus dauricus was 7171,and the number of burrows with flea was 62, so the flea infection rate was 0.86%(62/7171 ), and the flea index was 0.01. Conclusions With a relatively high density and large quantity and considering the epidemic features of animal plague in periphery provinces in recent years, plague may still happen and spread in Shanxi province diespite the negative results of all those serological tests, by means of importing from other provinces.

This study is to investigate the effect of Euphorbia humifusa effective fraction (EHEF) on the CYP51 enzyme activity, the lanosterol content and the MEP, SUB gene expression of Trichophyton rubrum. Trichophyton rubrum was treated by EHEF for 7 days at 26 degrees C. The activity of CYP51 enzyme of Trichophyton rubrum in the cell membrane was determined by using ELISA kit, and the lanosterol content was investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the MEP, SUB gene expression of Trichophyton rubrum was detected with the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results showed that EHEF can decrease the membrane CYP51 enzyme activity, and it also can accumulate the fungal lanosterol in a dose-dependent manner, and it also can decrease the gene expression of MEP and SUB. The antifungal mechanism of EHEF may be related to the inhibition on CYP51 enzyme activity, and to the effects on fungal cell membrane ergosterol biosynthesis. It may also play an antifungal effect by inhibiting the MEP, SUB gene expression of fungal proteases.
Antifungal Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Euphorbia ; chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Lanosterol ; metabolism ; Metalloproteases ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Sterol 14-Demethylase ; metabolism ; Subtilisins ; metabolism ; Trichophyton ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism

· AIM: To investigate the complications of intravitreal triamsinolone acetonide (TA) injection in vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).· METHODS: From February 2005 to January 2007, 18patients (18 eyes) with PDR who were injected with TA in vitrectomy were observed retrospectively after surgery.· RESULTS: During a postoperative follow-up period of 3 to 6 months (mean 4.6 months), some complications including deposit of TA granules on the macular region and surface of the retina (3 eyes), postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (3eyes), elevated intraocular pressure (2 eyes) and pseudohypopyon (1 eye)were observed.· CONCLUSION: The complications after surgery such as deposit of TA granules on the macular region and surface of the retina and pseudohypopyon could be cured without any special treatment. All eyes with elevated intraocular pressure after surgery were controlled by drug. Re-operation may be an effective method for patients with unabsorbable vitreous hemorrhage after vitrectomy.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC)using tran- scatheter arterial chemoembolization(TALE)combining with MSC.Methods Treatment group(30 patients with unresectable PHC)adopt MSC after TALE,while control group(10 patients with unresectable PHC)only adopt TALE,then observing the curative effect and survival rate.Results One year after treating,the local effect was 90 %,60 %,1～2 year survival rate was 90 %,30 % respectively,median life span was 15 months. Conclusion To treat PHC with TALE combining with MSC is an effective and non-invasive method.

Objective To establish a desirable quantitative assay system to evaluate the correlation between surgical manipulation and micrometastasis in primary esophageal cancer patients.Methods 118 pe- ripheral blood samples from 40 esophageal cancer patients undergoing radical resection were collected before surgery(B-1),immediately after surgery(B0)and at the third day postoperatively(B+3).Based on real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)mRNA gene was used in the detec- tion.12 patients with benign tumor and 13 healthy volunteers were collected as negative control groups.Re- sults The median of CEA mRNA copies at B-1,B0 and B+3 were 1592,13 314 and 6221 copies/ml blood, respectively.CEA mRNA expression levels were found to be significantly higher at both B0 and B+3 than that of B-1(P=0.0001 and 0.0209,respectively).No significant difference was found between B0 and B+3(P= 0.4396).Conclusion Surgical manipulation on esophageal cancer patients increases the probability of mi- crometastasis.Therefore,adjuvant therapy is needed during perioperative stage.

Objective To develop a spectrophotometry in tetra component complex system of A1-CAS-CTMAB-OP for the determination of aluminum in floured food.Methods The sample was processed by combustion and the content of aluminum in foods was determined by spectrophotometry with Al-CAS-CTMAB-OP as color system.Results A linear relationship between the aluminum content and absorbency was in the range of 0.04～0.32 ?g/ml with the regression equation equating to A =3.551 2x-0.005 34,the correlation coefficient was 0.997 6,the detection limit was 0.001 4 ?g/ml and the recovery rate was in the rang of 98.6%～ 103.2%.Conclusion This method has been applied successfully to determine the aluminum in floured food for its special features, such as simple,rapid and accuracy.

Objective To explore the relationships between erythropoietin( EPO), endothelin - 1 (ET - 1) and perinatal anoxia. Method ELISA was used to test cord blood EPO and ET-1 in 54 high risk neonates as subjects and 14 healthy neonates as controls.Results The cord blood EPO levels in amniotic fluids turbid Ⅲ degree group and group eclampsia/pre - eclampsia were higher than those in control group (t= 4.0842,3 680 allP

Objective To investigate ultrasound as a therapy for white lesions of the vulva.Methods Immunohistochemistry and hybridization in situ were used to study changes in VEGF protein and mRNA in the vulva skin of rabbits after ultrasound irradiation.Results After irradiation,VEGF protein and mRNA had increased markedly after 4 and 7 days,but their levels recovered by day 14.Conclusion Ultrasound irradiation causes local edema and hypoxia which enhance production of VEGF.VEGF promotes growth of local microvessels and increases the permeability of the endothelial cells of blood vessels.These changes improve nutrition of the mierovessels and nerve endings and ameliorate the microenvironment for tissue growth.One could speculate that ultrasound irradiation helps rehabilitation and regeneration of pathologic vulva skin.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and toxicity reaction of Oxaliplatin com- bined with XeLoda in the treatment of 42 patients with advanced colorectal cancer.Methods All the pa- tients were treated with Oxaliplatin(130 mg/m~2,ivgtt for 2 h,d1)combined with XeLoda(2000 mg?m~(-2)?d~(-1), po,bid,d1 to d14).The regime was repeated every 21 days for at least 3 consecutive cycles.Results The to- tal response rate was 40.5%(17/42)in which 2 got CR and 15 PR.24 patients got Kamofsky score increased. The major toxic effects were alopecia,peripheral neuritis,gastrointestinal tract reactions and myelosuppression. Conclusion Oxaliplatin combined with XeLoda regimen is effective in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer,and its toxicity is tolerable.It is worth studying in the future.